...theories and models. While theories are a set of interrelated concepts and definitions and propositions used to present a systematic view of events or situations, models are composites of mixtures and ideas taken from a number of theories and used together (Cottrell, Girvan, & McKenzie, 2012). Theories and models are intertwined in health education. Theories are important in health education because they influence how evidence is collected, analyzed, understood, and utilized. When theories are implicit, they have the power to clarify and reveal new ideas and insights. Overall, theories influence health education by providing focus on implementation processes to continually improve and make the required adjustments. The socio-ecological approach is important in health education because it examines how one’s physical, social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions influence their behavior and conditions. Human behavior is too easily influenced and can change in an instant; it is simply how humans and their behavior are. An individual’s intrapersonal level influences behavior through knowledge, attitude, beliefs, and personality traits. However, an individual’s interpersonal level includes family, friends, and peers; providing identity, support, and role definition...
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...The Unified Process, a Project Management Approach The Unified Process, a Project Management Approach The Agile Unified Process is an easily understandable form of the Rational Unified Process (RUP).It defines a simple way of improving business applications (Methodsandtools.com, 2014). Organization’s changes to software development can be accepted at late stages of progression. The aim of any firm is to grow in future a trend observable in most businesses. It is right for the management to take into consideration the key indicators of a progressive service delivery. These will help in improving their structures through employing the best operational procedures. Improvements can be done on human skills, techniques used, and automations. The agile software delivery aims at developing mechanisms that will ensure a proper economy of the resources. It is achieved by targeting a lower value of risk and getting optimal utilization of the assets. This attributes to a higher chance of a successful business due to reduced negative impacts on the procedures. The management of modules such as projects and programs, should be performed in accordance with the business goal and the available resources. Each module should be designed to efficiently utilize the program budgets, timelines, resources, and uncertainties. The firm has then the capability to figure out how each portfolio will achieve the set goals. Then allocations of finances and human labor to different modules can be governed...
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...A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS SELECTION: AN ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS AND ZERO-ONE-GOAL PROGRAMMING APPROACH Salah R. Agha School of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University-Gaza, Gaza Strip, Phone: 970-599-746-533, aghasr@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This study uses Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Zero-One Goal Programming(ZOGP) to select the most favorable industrial projects from the viewpoints of three stakeholders, namely, govern mental, consultants and academics. Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to help reach a consensus among the stakeholders for selecting certain projects using weights obtained by AHP as inputs to (ZOGP) model. This is first done by identifying the projects from each individual stakeholder's viewpoint. Further, an aggregate model that simultaneously combines the viewpoints of the three stakeholders is built assuming that the three stakeholders have equal weights. Results show that the aggregate model does strike a balance not only among the conflicting criteria, but more importantly, it strikes a balance among the different stakeholders. Therefore, the aggregate model would make it easier for stakeholders to reach a consensus. Keywords: Multi Criteria Optimization; Project Prioritization; Integrated AHP-ZOGP; Multi-stakeholder. 1. Introduction Traditional methods used in project selection usually justify the projects using low level capital budgeting which works well for investments with clearly...
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...PRINCIPLES & PRACTICE OF MANAGEMENT 1. How should Mr. Durant assess the opportunities in various countries around the world? 2. Should Carrefour adopt Wal-Mart's strategy of "low prices everyday"? What would be the advantage or disadvantage of such a strategy? 3. How could Carrefour differentiate itself from Wal-Mart? 4. Identify cultures in selected countries that need to be considered in order to be successful? 1) The reengineering efforts of P&G focused on the business process system. Do you think other processes, such as the human system, or other managerial policies need to be considered in a process redesign? 2) What do you think was the reaction of the brand managers, who may have worked under the old system for many years, when the category management structure was installed? 3) As a consultant, would you have recommended a top-down or a bottom-up approach, or both, to process redesign and organizational change? 4) What are the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. 1) What is your assessment of Daimler-Benz's operations in many different fields? 2) Should the various groups operate autonomously? What kinds of activities should be centralized? 3) Daimler-Benz is best known for its Mercedes-Benz cars. Why do you think Daimler bought AEG in the first place and why did it venture into the Aerospace and Inter Services businesses? 4) Given the apparent mistakes in acquiring non-automotive businesses, what should Jurgen Schrempp do now? ...
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...Process Design Matrix Summary OPS 571 Process Design Matrix Summary Process design is a method by which a business understands and defines the operation activities that enable the company to function. A Process design was concerned with developing operation processes to ensure that the company resources are used effectively, efficiently and meet customer requirement and satisfaction. Process designs also used to sustain, support organizational development and growth. Process design involves a different area of the company such as production, delivery of service and product and inventory. In this executive summary, I will discuss the appropriate design process for a product and service. I will use pizza home delivery service as an example for service and pizza as an example for product design process. Service Design Process The service process design I am familiar with is pizza home delivery service. It uses all the service design such as self-service, production line approach, and personal attention approach design. The production line approach is commonly used in food service industry. The production line approach the company has control over the process to ensure efficiency and effectivity of the product (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). In pizza home delivery service, the company needs to make sure that within thirty minutes the pizza can be delivered. The production line approach is used so that the company has a step by step process that the employee needs to follow...
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...Process Design Matrix and Summary University of Phoenix OPS/571 14 April, 2014 Executive Summary Businesses continually bring new products to market as customer needs and wants change. Product design has been crucial to the success of many companies. This executive summary pretends to present different process design aspects for the following areas: air conditioning services and bicycle products. For companies dedicated to services, the approaches to be mentioned will be production line, self-service, and the personal attention approach. By the side of product design the approaches include job shop, batch, and continuous. The process map and process design will be discussed for both of companies. Air Conditioning Services The production line is a process derived of from the manufacturing process which is applied to the service sector. This process is the sequence of operations for which each product is continually applied to the same operation sequence. The main purpose of it is the efficient production of results or services. The organization controls the execution of each outlet to ensure high quality of service provides. This approach applies during equipment maintenance where the focus is perform the tasks to the established standards. The second approach is self-service and involves the customer in the production of services. Examples of this approach are E-tickets, Automatic teller machine, company...
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...It has been widely accepted that change is the only constant in life. Change is the process of moving from a current state to a potential future state, whether planned or unplanned and comprises of the expected and the unexpected (Dawson et al, 2014). Change is an ongoing phenomenon, existence is synonymous to change, as such, it is an integral part of the life of an organisation. Organisational change is the framework for managing the ‘transition state’ of the organisation. As earlier defined, change is a movement from a current state to a future state, however, for an organisation, there is a transition stage between the current and future state. The central managerial tasks rest within the transition state and centres around three core elements; “how to avoid resistance and motivate people to change, how to control and minimize the disruptive aspects of change, how to shape the political dynamics of change” (Dawson et al, 2014). As such, organisational change can be described as the movement over time from a current state to an emerging and uncertain future state which is sometimes planned and managed with the desire to secure set objectives and sometimes unplanned (Dawson et al, pg 90). In the hyper competitive and turbo charged changing business environment of today, managers strive to find stability within the uncertainties using planned change methods while conscious of the need for adaptability, flexibility and agility to leverage processual change methods in order to...
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...I’ve selected food services and cars for a suitable process and product design approaches. In order to manage services and deliver on-site services, there are three types of contrasting approaches which include product line approach, self-service approach, and the personal attention approach. Cars are a way of life these days without them our way of life cannot exist. The main focal point in this industry is the result. A car company must produce a quality product that fits the end-user's taste. The three main line item approaches I will discuss will be the job process, batch production, and assembly line. All are a part of the manufacturing of cars. Process Design Matrix Self-service Approach The self-service approach is more consumers driven. The efficiency of this service process can be enhanced E-tickets, Automatic teller machines, company websites which these are just some of the approaches that shift the burden to the consumer (Larson & Gray, 2006). This design approach will also be supportive of the food company, in terms of offering good quality of products to the customers as well as reducing time of service delivery (Chase, 2006). For the reason, due to self-service approach the company will be able to focus on the delivery of effective and efficient services in a less period. Product Line Approach The main focus of this approach is on the efficient production of results or services. In this approach, the company controls the execution of each outlet in...
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...responsibilities when dealing with project stakeholders, especially in procuring resources. Human resources: focuses on meeting the needs of the organization and its people. Project managers must understand various human resources policies and procedures. Political: addresses organizational and personal politics. Many project managers fail because they do not understand the political environment. Symbolic: focuses on symbols and meanings. It’s important to understand an organization’s culture, dress code, work ethic, and so on in managing projects. ANS 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 2. Describe critical path analysis. How is the critical path calculated? 9. 10. Answer: A process by which projects are outlined and sequenced to have the most favorable outcome. Critical path analysis involves the advanced and careful planning of complicated projects, taking into consideration the sequence of activities that must occur, and the estimated time necessary to each step's completion. The critical path can be thought of as the necessary flow that a project must follow to achieve timely success. As with Gantt Charts, the essential concept behind Critical Path Analysis is that you cannot start some activities until others are finished. These activities need to be completed in a sequence, with each stage being more-or-less completed before the next stage can begin. These are 'sequential' activities....
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...ability to process information and language ‘on the spot. Several issues arise for any teacher trying to incorporate principles of process writing into his or her professional practice. First, teachers need to provide time for writing in the supported learning environment of the classroom. Many students will benefit from structured tasks, which teach them strategies for planning, drafting, and revision. Many teachers would argue that setting aside the time needed for feedback, and for the revision of several drafts, is unrealistic, particularly within the constraints of school systems; and particularly where classes are large. With regard to this...
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...LDR/531 October 11, 2012 Week # 1 Individual Leadership Approach Paper Leadership in Organization Robin Muse Leadership has been defined in multiple ways. The subject of leadership has intrigued many individuals and has been speculated by research that probed a growing interest in understanding leadership and the process involving different teams and organizations. Although there are many effective and ineffective ways to merge people to lead, it has been difficult to define the “term” leadership. There is no doubt that the leadership position simplifies the influence to guide, structure, and facilitate activities over other people, it also shares a specialized process that influence the role of leadership. The type of influence process that defines leadership involves the commitment by followers along with the reluctant of obedience of thus followers. The purpose of the influence process of leadership only occurs when ones view point attempt to influence the purpose and outcome of behaviors, traits, role relationships, interaction patterns, and occupation of a leadership position. In research the leadership process influence others to understand and agree to the needs of what needs to be done, how it is done, and a collective effort to facilitate the process to accomplish a shared objective. There are to forms of leaderships direct and indirect. Direct leadership involves the attempt to influence individuals to follow and interact with other by way of memo, faxes...
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...summary is to inform the reader of the different types of process designs available for service products and manufacturing products. In this summary, transportation and fish processing will be used as examples for service process design. Products that utilize the service sector have three approaches. They are process design, self-service, and production line approach. The process design approach builds on creating good rapports with the customer, and in some cases, the customer’s customer. The approach must be able to balance customer’s needs to the realistic capabilities of the company. Self-service approach focuses on getting the customer involved in parts of the “transaction” or process. While services like banking have strived off of automated teller machines, certain industries do not have the capabilities or offer services that could benefit from the self-service approach. The production line approach gives the company control of a process at each outlet to ensure it meets theirs and the customer’s standards. Production line approach; while found more commonly in manufacturing, is seen in the food service industry. Relating this to the transportation industry, the process design approach is a crucial part of building and maintaining a business. The continued relationship built between the customer and the customer’s client leads to new business ventures and opens doors to more capital. The self-service approach can be seen on accounts that have become what the industry...
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...accomplish task objectives. These leadership skills can help an organization achieve the strategic goals and objectives of the organization. The term leadership is defined as “the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives” (Yukl, 2010, p. 8). Many researchers have focused on the concept of leadership. Some researchers “define leadership according to their individual perspectives and the aspects of the phenomenon of most interest to them” (id. at p. 2). Research has also distinguished the different views of leadership, and other forms of leadership. The other forms of leadership include direct and indirect leadership. This paper will review the views of leadership, the other forms of leadership, and the behavior approach of leadership. The strengths and weaknesses of the behavior approach will also be discussed. Many researchers have argued whether leadership should be viewed as a “specialized role or as a shared influence” (id. at p. 3) process. Leadership as a specialized role focuses on the relationship between the leader and the follower. In contrast, the shared influenced process believes “it is more useful to study leadership as a social process or pattern of relationships” (id. at p. 4). This view of leadership also believes that any individual of the social system may exhibit leadership abilities, and there is not a...
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...Process Design and Matrix Summary Michelle Nwosu OPS/571 March 15, 2015 Executive Summary: Process Design Matrix is a tool that is used by a company to identify the type of production approach that should be used for a particular product or service. There are three contrasting service design for production approach; production line approach, self-service approach and the personal attention approach. (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). This summary is best going to describe what approaches organizations use to fit their company’s need and customer satisfaction Production Line Approach pioneered by Mc Donald’s refers to more than just the steps required to assemble a big mac. It treats the delivery of fast –food as a manufacturing process rather than a service (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). Crunchies Fried Chicken is a fast food chain based out in Nigeria. This approach best fit their company. They are a service restaurant that offers fast food service and they are determined to serve a customer under one minute but also giving them the best quality service . This is a pretty high standard they try to uphold knowing the process from getting the product, hygiene and to the actual service from the employee’s .They specialize in indoor, outdoor events and home delivery. Their core value “ We hold ourselves collectively responsible and individually accountable in the pursuit of knowledge and best practices inside and outside our company to offer complete customer satisfaction...
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...Information Systems Project Management Unit 3 Assignment 1 Kaplan University IT511 Professor Chad McAllister February 16, 2013 1. Explain project scope management in terms of its processes. Scope management is the process of defining and controlling the work that is or is not included in the project (Schwalbe, 2012). This outlines to the team and stakeholders the product that will be produced and the processes that will be used to produce that product. The project scope management consists of five processes: * Collect requirements- This process defines the specific details of a product’s functions and features. Defining the processes for creating the products is defined in this process and results in the following outputs: stakeholders’ requirements documentation, a requirements management plan and a requirements traceability matrix. * Define the scope- The project charter, requirements documents and organization process assets are the inputs that are needed to determine the project scope. This process has two outputs the project scope statement and updates to the project documents. * Create the WBS- This process involves decomposing the major deliverable on the project into manageable elements resulting in the WBS and dictionary, a scope baseline and updates to the project documents. * Verify the scope- This is the formalized acceptance of the scope statement by the stakeholders, customers and the project sponsor. If the scope statement is...
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