...person to know something he/she has to believe it, has to be able to justify it and it has to be true. ("Plato | TOKTalk.net," n.d.) However, this definition does not cover all types of knowledge for example, we know how to eat. This knowledge is not based on any kind of belief or justification. To answer this question, we must first understand the two main terms, personal knowledge and shared knowledge. Personal knowledge can be knowledge that is personal to an individual, through the ways of knowing and examples could be knowledge from memory, habits and emotions. Knowledge can also be the work of a group of people working together either in concert or, more likely, separated by time or geography. This is known as shared knowledge. ("Theory of knowledge guide," n.d.) However, this definition is limited as shared knowledge can also be seen as knowledge shared by a group and not something people come up with together. An example could be when people witness an incident at the same time and thus have knowledge of it. Another example, would be...
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...44 CLASH OF GENERATIONS- ECONOMY OF FUTURE Clash of Generations- Economy of Future Titans vs Olympians Mythology, History and Folklores have innumerable tales about the revolutionary clashes in ideologies, tumultuous transitioning of control, usurping power, tectonic economic shifts and a period of unrest and clamor during the cusp. The wax of Digital Native and wane of Generation X/ Baby Boomers heralds for another “Clash of Titans”. The Titans are finding a desperate way out of the byzantine financial models, spiraling debts, vagaries of stock markets and socio- economic crisis so that the posterity gets a better world to dwell in. And, at the same time there is an uneasy stir amongst the Olympians about the world that will be soon bequeathed to them. A view into the Crystal ball The future looks bleak if not dark for the future generation. Some of the jittery statistics are: 1) The average debt on every individual/ Country will go down to further abysmal levels because of financial imbalance (OECD Economic outlook 2012, pp.191) 2) Energy prices will soar up because of the drying oil pool and ever increasing demand from developing nations. (Barkindo. M 2006) 3) Housing Prices will double by 2025 because of urbanization and inflation ( CEBR 2005) 4) Economic model for Government and welfare structures might crumble due to a dwindling beneficiary/contributor ratio (DeVoe. J.E. et al 2005) Definitely these numbers don’t augur well for the Marshall’s “Demand –Supply”...
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...In her paper, Sharon Vallor mentions that while new social media provides little avenue for direct shared activities, they do reflect friends’ will to connect with their friends. (Vallor, 2011) Vallor’s paper focuses mainly on how new social media can contribute towards friendship by means of shared virtues. She does this by exploring the ethical significance of new social media trends relating to friendship. (Vallor, 2011) For her argument, she states that this “will” can be indicative of and meets the aims of friendship with respect to Aristotle. Indeed, with the limitations that are brought about by the fast pace of life and its circumstances, the significance of the will behind people’s actions is heightened considerably. This is especially...
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...Project Proposal. Title Shared Services a focus on Nigeria Financial Institutions. Executive Summary Shared services have been widely implemented in the public and private sectors of organizations around the world. The shared services phenomenal are spreading around the globe and financial institutions and others companies in African do not want to be left. However, with the fact that one of the basic advantages of shared services is cost saving and its leverages so much on infrastructure. Unlike Europe and America, African is still growing in the area of infrastructure and cost of labour is relatively low. This paper explores the shared service's model in financial institutions in Nigeria and reports the findings on share services meeting its objectives in developing countries. Nigerian banks are trying to compete with their international counterparts that have a presence in Nigeria and operating in the same business, cost reduction is a major advantage. Most of the International banks like standard chartered, Citibank, and Barclays use the shared service model and since none of these international financial institutions have their head offices and major businesses in Nigeria, they operate their shared service centre in any other geography. Keywords: Shared services; Financial Institutions; Nigeria 2. Introduction. Shared services refers to the concentration of services to one area or group of an organization where such services are previously...
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...David Lew Qingwei Rachel Crumpler Business and its Publics: Section 29 May 12, 2013 TOMS Shoes and the Effective Creation of Shared Value Over the last 30 years, absolute poverty worldwide has fallen 20%, yet poverty levels in Africa have remained static, hovering around 40% of the continent’s population over the same time period (“Poverty”). Poverty is endemic to many developing nations in Africa, and many attempts have been made to ameliorate the socio-economic toll that it wreaks on the region. However, the continued predominance of poverty in the region today makes it clear that previous attempts at traditional poverty eradication have failed. More recently, the rise of social entrepreneurship has revitalized the discussion about poverty alleviation, with companies committing themselves to creating transformational benefit for the disadvantaged segments of society (Martin 151). TOMS Shoes is such a company that has made a commitment to social responsibility. Unfortunately, TOMS and its footwear draws a great deal of criticism, and there is mounting evidence that creating shared value, as seen in Oliberté Footwear’s business model, is a more effective route to poverty alleviation. Ultimately, we must carefully consider the advantages of Oliberté’s shared value over TOMS’ social responsibility, and call for future social business models to take note of what both of these social enterprises do right and wrong to create the best solution for bringing upward social mobility...
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...the Iraqi government and, slowly but surely, began rebuilding their strength. ISIS and al-Qaeda divorced in February 2014. "Over the years, there have been many signs that the relationship between al Qaeda Central (AQC) and the group's strongest, most unruly franchise was strained," Barack Mendelsohn, a political scientist at Haverford College, writes. Their relationship "had always been more a matter of mutual interests than of shared ideology." According to Mendelsohn, Syria pushed that relationship to the breaking point. ISIS claimed that it controlled Jabhat al-Nusra, the official al-Qaeda splinter in Syria, and defied orders from al-Qaeda's leader, Ayman al-Zawahiri, to back off. "This was the first time a leader of an al-Qaeda franchise had publicly disobeyed" a movement leader, he says. ISIS also defied repeated orders to kill fewer civilians in Syria, and the tensions led to al-Qaeda disavowing any connection with ISIS in a February communiqué. Today, ISIS and al-Qaeda compete for influence over Islamist extremist groups around the world. Some experts believe ISIS may overtake al-Qaeda as the most influential group in this area globally. 1. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) used to have a different name: al Qaeda in Iraq. US troops and allied Sunni militias defeated al Qaeda in Iraq during the post-2006 "surge" — but it didn't destroy them. The US commander in Iraq, General Ray Odierno, described the group in 2010 as down but...
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...CREATING SHARED VALUE BUSINESS POLICY ASSIGNMENT - 2 Executive Summary Creating Shared Value - Reinventing Capitalism By Michael Porter & Mark Kramer According to Michael Porter and Mark Kramer, "Creating Shared Value" can be defined as Policies and operating practices that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates. The concept of shared value which focuses on the connections between societal and economic progress has the power to unleash the next wave of global growth. Shared value involves creating economic value in a way that also creates value for society by addressing its needs and challenges. The purpose of the corporation must be redefined as creating shared value, not just profit per se. This will drive the next wave of innovation and productivity growth in the global economy. Moving Beyond Trade‐Offs Solving social problems has been ceded to governments and to NGOs. Corporate responsibilities programs a reaction to external pressure have emerged largely to improve firms’ reputations and are treated as a necessary expense. Fair trade aims to increase the proportion of revenue that goes to poor farmers by paying them higher prices for the same crops. Though this may be a noble sentiment, fair trade is mostly about redistribution rather than expanding the overall amount of value created. The Roots of Shared Value A business needs a successful community...
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...Assess the contribution of different ‘action’ theories to our understanding of society today Social action theories are known as micro theories which take a bottom-up approach to studying society; they look at how individuals within society interact with each other. There are many forms of social action theories, the main ones being symbolic interactionism, phenomenology and ethnomethodology. They are all based on the work of Max Weber, a sociologist, who acknowledged that structural factors can shape our behaviour but individuals do have reasons for their actions. He used this to explain why people behave in the way in which they do within society. Weber saw four types of actions which are commonly committed within society; rational, this includes logical plans which are used to achieve goals, traditional-customary behaviour, this is behaviour which is traditional and has always been done; he also saw effectual actions, this includes an emotion associated with an action and value-rational actions, this is behaviour which is seen as logical by an individual. Weber’s discovery of these actions can therefore be seen as useful in the study of society. Weber discovered these actions by using his concept of verstehan, a deeper understanding. However, some sociologists have criticised him as they argue that verstehan cannot be accomplished as it is not possible to see thing in the way that others see them, leaving sociologists to question whether Weber’s social action theory is useful...
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...Over the past 20 years, we have seen a dramatic technological transformation; a substantial increase in the number of computers, and other computing devices, with a widespread range of access for users all over the world. Internet access can be found anywhere, whether it is in the home, a coffee shop, a fast food restaurant, and on an airplane. With the invention of the smartphone, such as the Blackberry, IPhone and Android, a large range of users are able to access their email and the Internet from anywhere in the world. The use of the Internet for teaching and learning in education has increased exponentially in the last five years (Han & Hill 2006). With increased access to the Internet, the fast-paced market of emerging technologies, and increased globalization, today’s learners have an unlimited number of possibilities and routes they can take over their educational lives. With this ever-expanding world that we are currently living in, it is important to understand and provide learners with the essential tools and skills required in order to thrive. As the Internet has expanded, so have schools in regards to taking advantage of the availability of the Internet and it’s quick, easy access, as well as other emerging and upcoming technologies to adjust and complement their current teaching practices, thus better preparing students. As time has passed, not only have the technologies we used changed, so has the Internet we use through these technologies. The Internet began as...
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...p. 307). The Renaissance not only was a time when scholars became more interested in studying ancient scholars and the world around them but it also had an impact on art forms such as paintings, sculptures and architecture. The social roles and similarities during the Italian and Northern European Renaissance are the flourishing of the arts under powerful and wealthy families such as the Medici’s of Florence and in the north Philip the Good as well as many others. In both Northern and Southern Europe there was a strong desire to reconnect with the ancient past of the Greco/Roman world this desire extended beyond just ideals in art but also to philosophy and politics. The artistic endeavors of both the Northern and Southern Renaissance were dominated by their shared Christian faith, we can see examples of this in Jan Van Eyck’s Ghent “Altar Piece” (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, p. 353) at Saint Bavon Cathedral an ingenious polyptych painting which uses multiple panels to depict a religious scene an exciting blend of the Northern inventive spirit of the age and ancient faith. The works of the Italian Renaissance were also dominated by this Christian outlook possibly the most famous piece of art in the world Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel full of religious imagery while also boldly proclaiming the humanist philosophy. Both these examples show a shared Christian world view as well as a blending of new and ancient ideals capturing the multiple fronts on which society was leaping forward...
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...My Book World Edition in Your Network—The Basics Congratulations on purchasing a My Book World Edition remote access storage system. Designed for home users, creative professionals, workgroups, small offices, and anyone looking for shared storage, WD’s My Book World Edition offers a surprisingly simple and secure way to access and share data, photos, and music at home, in the office, and anywhere in the world—even when your local computer is turned off.* Follow the steps in this manual to set up centralized storage and make it available to local and remote computers. | | | Connect My Book1 World Edition to yourhub or router. | Locate My Book World2 Edition on yourcomputer usingWD Anywhere Access™powered by MioNet. | 3 Act as administrator to assign securitysettings and set up, create, and manage shared folders accessible from anywhere in the world. | Note: The dual-drive My Book World Edition II is preformatted for maximum capacity as a large, spanned single volume. To change the format to RAID 1 for additional protection, see “Drive Management” on page 41. If WD Anywhere Access is not currently installed, you must first run the Initial Setup wizard (see “Appendix A - Shared Storage Manager” on page 24) before you can access Drive Management. Once configuration is complete, you can start saving files to the device, or return to the beginning of this manual for instructions on setting up the device with WD Anywhere Access for remote file sharing and management...
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...Master of Business Administration Business Ethics assignment Nadine GOUBA Professor: Virginie VIAL January 2016 1. From CSR to CSV The concept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) emerged in the 1950s. Bowen queried: “What responsibilities to society may businessmen reasonably be expected to assume?” CSR “refers to the obligations of businessmen to pursue those policies, to make those decisions or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society”. He argued that businessmen are responsible for the consequences of their actions in a sphere somewhat wider than corporate financial performance. (Bowen, 1953) Traditionally companies carried out CSR through cash donation, charitable and philanthropic activities. Companies’ CSR activities are often disconnected with their core business strategy and while possibly promoting some sort of social cause, bring no real value to the company itself. (Castillo, p. 2) This social responsibility is criticized by many. According to Milton FRIEDMAN “there is one and only one social responsibility of business–to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud.” (Friedman, September 13, 1970) PORTER and KRAMER propose to create economic value in a way that also creates value for society by addressing its needs...
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...Shared Value Creation; Revolution or Rhetoric? Abstract The concept of Creating Shared Value(CSV), was made popular in a Harvard Business Review(2011)by M. Porter and R Kramer defines as, policies and operational practices that enhance the competitiveness of the company while transforming social problems which is related to the corporation into business opportunities and simultaneously yield greater profitability(Porter, Kramer,2011). As it sounds, it is a seductive promiseand has so far received obscene attention in the business markets and among business educators. Both authors seeks to regain trust in “business and society who has pitted against each other so long” …”Learning how to create shared value is our best chance to legitimize business”(Porter, Kramer, 2011) is how companies were viewed as prospering at the expense of the community. With both aims of evaluating and analysing the concept of creating shared value, in this paper, we suggest how CSV can help businesses harness its full potential by simply creating economic value while simultaneously creating value for society. Focusing on making the right kind profits, companies should look beyond just merely maximum profits but also integrates social benefits at the same time; starting a positive cycle which reconnects business with society. In CSV, it represents a new approach for businesses moving beyond CSR approaches in the past. However promising this bold new approach is, it has also created polarized...
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...leadership begins with the way leaders perceive and conceptualize the world around them. Ethical leadership, organizational ethics, and social responsibility are inseparable concepts. They are developing concepts, to be sure, but inseparable. How ethical leaders relate to and come to understand the world around them involves judgment and action. These can be developed. In sum, the leader's role is to guide the human potential of the organization's stakeholders to achieve organizational aspirations in ways that liberate rather constrain their imaginations and judgment. Ethical leadership must, then, be effective, efficient, and excellent if it is not to waste human potential. It is not enough to be ethical in one's individual actions to be an ethical leader. To be effective, efficient, and excellent, four components of ethical leadership must be understood and developed: purpose, knowledge, authority, and trust. The relationship between these four components can be visualized as interrelated components, as described in the figure opposite. Attention to any one component alone is incomplete and misleading. * Purpose-The ethical leader reasons and acts with organizational purposes firmly in mind. This provides focus and consistency. * Knowledge-The ethical leader has the knowledge to judge and act prudently. This knowledge is found throughout the organization and its environment, but must be shared by those who hold it. * Authority-The ethical leader has the power...
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...Servers provide access to network resources to all the users of the network. There are many different kinds of servers, and one server can provide several functions. For example, there are file servers, print servers, mail servers, communication servers, database servers, print servers, fax servers and web servers, to name a few. • Clients - Clients are computers that access and use the network and shared network resources. Client computers are basically the customers(users) of the network, as they request and receive services from the servers. • Transmission Media - Transmission media are the facilities used to interconnect computers in a network, such as twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. Transmission media are sometimes called channels, links or lines. • Shared data - Shared data are data that file servers provide to clients such as data files, printer access programs and...
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