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A Unified Theory of Software Testing

In: Computers and Technology

Submitted By kareemraja
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A Unified Theory of Software Testing

This paper presents a theory, or model, for analyzing and understanding software test techniques. It starts by developing a theory for describing analytical test techniques, such as equivalence classes, pair-wise coverage and state modeling. It then develops the theory to cover other, more heuristic test techniques.

This theory states that all testing techniques are composed of a modeling schemata, one or more coverage objectives, a dispersal strategy and a theory of error.

All testing techniques address a fundamental problem of testing: vastly more tests are conceivable than you could possibly run. Each technique therefore consists of a method for modeling the software in a way that allows a coverage measure to be specified and achieved and a dispersal strategy that allows this to done efficiently. Testing theory has traditionally focused on the issue of coverage and the different ways to think of it (Kaner, 101 methods for code coverage). The obverse concept is dispersal, or a method for identifying and reducing tests that are "redundant".

Take, for example, the pair-wise coverage technique. This technique is often applicable when the interaction of several independent inputs or configuration parameters create more combinations than is practical to test. Suppose you have an application that supports each of the following components:

DATABASE
Oracle
DB2
SQLServer

WEB SERVER
IIS
Apache
Netscape

APP SERVER
WebSphere
WebLogic
Tomcat

If you test all possible combinations, you will have 27 test configurations: 3 x 3 x 3. The pair-wise technique states that you can reduce by only considering pair-wise combinations of the three parameters. Instead of 27 configurations, we only have to test 9. Here's a set of 9 test configurations that meet the pair-wise condition:

Oracle IIS WebSphere

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