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A&P Ii

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Hormones are chemicals which circulate in the blood stream and spread around the body to carry messages or signals to different parts of the body. Hormones are made in endocrine glands and passed from the cells of the gland directly into the blood flowing through the gland. The two sections of the pituitary gland produce a number of different hormones which act on different target glands or cells. There are six different hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary produces just two hormones. The anterior pituitary makes and releases several hormones. The adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) targets the adrenal glands. It stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol. Cortisol is important in controlling metabolism, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. It is also an anti-inflammatory agent, and helps the body to resist certain stresses such as bleeding or fasting. The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) targets the ovaries in women and the testes in men. It stimulates the ovaries to produce an ovum (egg) for fertilization, and it also causes an increase in the hormone estrogen. For men, it stimulates the testes to produce sperm. The growth hormone (GH) targets many different cells of the body. The most well-known effect in children is to increase height. In adults and children, it helps to control the amount of muscle and fat in the body. It also helps to heal injuries and it promotes the immune system. The luteinizing hormone (LH) targets the ovaries in women and the testes in men. For women, it triggers ovulation, and stimulates ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone. For men, it stimulates cells in the testes to produce testosterone. Prolactin (PRL) targets the breasts. Together with other hormones, prolactin stimulates the breasts to produce milk. It promotes lactation. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) targets the

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