Report 的写法
开头段(Introduction)的写法：即摆明问题即可

第一句写法：
… is a (great, huge, thorny…) challenge/problem/issue faced with/facing humanity/many countries.
例如：
题：What are the cause and solutions of the problem of the scarcity of water resource?
解：Water shortage is one of the most challenging issues to address in many countries.

第二句的写法：
There are some/several factors/forces/causes leading to this problem. factors/forces前可用driving/contributing修饰。 leading to可用giving rise to, associated with, contributing to替代。

第三句的写法：【注：此句不可用于argumentation】
1. Some of the most common factors will be discussed below, followed by some responsible solutions.
2. The factor of this essay is to illustrate the causes and solutions of this problem.

正文段(BODY)的写法：
信号词：
l 列举信号词
1. Firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, first and foremost
2. Secondly, further, furthermore, moreover, also, besides, in addition, additionally, what is more
3. Finally, in the final place, last but not least l 转折信号词
However, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, despite the positive effects, in spite of …, although/while …, on the other hand, for another thing, meanwhile
如何拓展论点：即论据的展开
1. Explanation解释和说明（下定义，解释原因，配合举例）
2. Extension延伸中心句并阐述影响（如果有…）
3. Exemplification举例
4. Sorting分类
5. Contrasting对比（如果没有…）
6. Conclusion总结
以上几种方法应结合使用，而且它们并不一定是相互孤立的。
【中国学生喜欢的句型：For example, if you …, then …。尽量避免！】
举例的四大注意事项：
1. 避免使用数据，特例除外。
2. 避免使用自己或者朋友的经历。（解决方案：主语扩大化（定从：those who））
3. 不要强调信息来源。（解决方案：据广泛报道…）
4. 避免使用国内的事例。

结论段的写法：
1. 重新总结主体部分讨论过的观点。
2. 重新阐述你的立场和观点/提出简单的意见或解决方法。
3. 不要加入任何新内容，特别是主体部分没有讨论过的。（往往同学们在写完结论段时发现字数不够，于是想要加点新内容，解决方案：拿答题纸操练！）
4. 不要举例。

栽赃法：
l. The government/legislators should enact/constitute more rigid laws and regulations to …
Regulate规范; limit/restrict/restrain限制; curb遏制; forbid/prohibit/ban禁止; deter威慑
2. The government should raise/enhance/elevate public awareness/consciousness of …
3. subsidize