...The Pakistan Development Review 41:4 Part I (Winter 2002) pp. 319–332 The Presidential Address Regulatory Framework in Pakistan A. R. KEMAL* I. INTRODUCTIION Until the mid-1970s, governments all over the world (especially in the developing economies), intervened in markets on the pretext of market failure arising from externalities, decreasing cost industries, and equity considerations for maximising social welfare. In Pakistan, where the private sector has played a dominant role, except probably for the 1970s,1 private sector activities have all along been regulated through various types of controls and regulations on entry and exit, prices, credit, foreign exchange, imports, investments, etc. These regulations were imposed with a view to ensuring that private sector allocations were in accordance with the national priorities [see Pakistan (1983-84)]. However, the objectives were rarely realised and, in fact, these regulations have been responsible for red-tapism and corruption. On the grounds of government failure, privatisation and deregulation policies are being practised almost everywhere in the hope that they would help in efficient allocation of resources and higher levels of productivity. Considerable regulatory reforms have also been effected in Pakistan over the last two decades. Investment and import licensing have been withdrawn, most of the foreign exchange restrictions have been removed, capital market regulations have been simplified, price controls have...
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...Thomas Green Case Questions: (Turn in hard copy in class on Sept. 8th) 1. Describe the work styles and personalities of Thomas Green and Frank Davis. Thomas Green and Frank Davis use different working styles, and their personalities are also very different. When dealing with clients, Frank uses memos, proposals and also uses data to back up his proposals and give the client a better idea on what they are investing in. Thomas is more of a face to face to guy. He delivers is ideas to the clients and expect them to jump on board just by trusting his ideas. In the article Thomas is sketched to be very intelligent and talented and that causes him to be arrogant and overly confident. Frank Davis on the other hand was very concerned about the future of the company. He is portrayed as a visionary that believes in facts to achieve his goals. Even though they were so different in working styles and personality, both Frank and Thomas were trying to achieve the same goal but their methods were very different. Frank Davis seems to be direct and to the point, as well as being very well adjusted to the bureaucracy at this level of management. He knows exactly how to get things done in the most effective and efficient way, and how to exploit the shortcomings of others in these areas. He may not be the most likeable person in the company, but he is probably very highly respected as a straight shooter. When it comes to work style he is meticulous in details and requires that recommendations...
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...EFE Matrix for McDonald’s Key External Factors Opportunities Weight Rating Weighted Score 1. Economy forcing people to trade down; .15 3 .45 i.e., choose less expensive options. 2. Demand for healthier options for children & .05 3 .15 Happy Meal fruit/vegetable based themes 3. Competitors (BK & Wendy’s) lack McCafe like options .15 4 .60 4. More than 57% McDonald’s outside U.S. absorb U.S. losses .07 2 .14 5. More US and Global markets welcome McDonalds .09 3 .27 6. Economics and competitors inspire brand loyalty and return customers .05 2 .10 7. Demand for free wifi versus competitor charges .09 3 .27 8. Demand for more ‘natural’ choices on menu .09 3 .27 Subtotal 2.25 Threats 9. Healthy eating demands eroding some sales .06 3 .18 10. Media attention to fast food & negative effects. .04 2 .08 11. Price wars .03 2 .16 12. Steady U.S. Unemployment .03 2 .06 13. Rising costs .03 2 .06 14. Calorie counts & nutritional value posted .09 2 .18 1.00 2.97 total Competitive Profile Matrix McDonalds Wendy’s BK Critical Success Factors Weight Rating Score Weight Rating Score Weight Rating Score 1. Advertising .15 3 .45 .10 1 .40 .15 3...
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...Calculating 5-year cap on degree-level courses Add up relevant student leave •Tier 4 (General) leave PLUS •Pre-Tier 4 student leave PLUS •Tier 4 (General) leave requested now Deduct •(1) Periods of T4 (General) leave before start and after end of course as (or as should be) under Rules •(2) Time spent studying courses below degree level •(3) Time spent on excepted courses •(4) Time spent as a sabbatical officer, postgraduate doctor or dentist •Do not deduct bullet points 2- 4 if student has already completed 'PostGraduate research qualification' in UK (see UKBA Tier 4 Migrant Policy Guidance to check if course is 'Post-Graduate research qualification') Total: can you sponsor this student? •5 years or fewer: student can be sponsored for new application •5 - 6 years: student can be sponsored for new application if previous leave was used successfully to complete degree-level course of 4 years or longer and now applying to take course at Master's level sponsored by HEI or applying to study excepted course or applying to study 'PostGraduate research qualification' sponsored by HEI •6 - 8 years: student can be sponsored for new application if applying to study excepted course or applying to study 'Post-Graduate research qualification' sponsored by HEI •More than 8 years: student can be sponsored for new application only if has not already completed 'Post-Graduate research qualification' in UK and applying to study excepted course or applying to study 'PostGraduate...
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.... • Creating a Utility or Producing the Utility goods and increasing the same is called Production. Among the Divisions of Economics Consumption is the first and the next one is production. When a country is having a large Production it will have favorable balance of trade and booms. Source(s): gk • 2 years ago • Report Abuse 0% 0 Votes • [pic]Mukesch Kaley moneychanger. the reason it is controlled by market and not by necessity. • Edited 2 years ago • Report Abuse 0% 0 Votes • [pic]Mafarica... when raw materials or resources are being processed into goods and services. • 2 years ago • Report Abuse How to Calculate Marginal Product in Economics By Matt McGew, eHow Contributor • • • • Print this article [pic]Calculate Marginal Product in Economics Marginal product is an economics term used to describe the additional output that is produced by one more unit of an input. In other words, how does the last unit effect the total product. Marginal product is an important concept used to analyze short-run production. You can calculate marginal product by dividing the change in the total product by the change in the variable input. Other People Are Reading • [pic]How to Calculate Economic Marginal Revenue Problems • [pic]How to Determine Marginal Product of Labor Instructions 1. o 1 Calculate the change in the total product. For example, assume that adding two additional worker...
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...Balance Sheet of Hindalco Industries Standalone Balance Sheet | ------------------- in Rs. Cr. ------------------- | | Mar '13 | Mar '12 | Mar '11 | Mar '10 | Mar '09 | | | 12 mths | 12 mths | 12 mths | 12 mths | 12 mths | | | | | | | Sources Of Funds | | | | | | | | | | Total Share Capital | 191.48 | 191.48 | 191.46 | 191.37 | 170.46 | | | | | | Equity Share Capital | 191.48 | 191.48 | 191.46 | 191.37 | 170.05 | | | | | | Share Application Money | 541.31 | 541.31 | 4.47 | 3.99 | 3.17 | | | | | | Preference Share Capital | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.41 | | | | | | Reserves | 33,239.60 | 31,299.68 | 29,504.17 | 27,715.61 | 23,584.69 | | | | | | Revaluation Reserves | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | | | | | | Networth | 33,972.39 | 32,032.47 | 29,700.10 | 27,910.97 | 23,758.32 | | | | | | Secured Loans | 20,521.01 | 11,276.16 | 5,170.31 | 5,153.90 | 5,713.23 | | | | | | Unsecured Loans | 3,623.76 | 3,295.75 | 2,101.19 | 1,203.00 | 2,611.06 | | | | | | Total Debt | 24,144.77 | 14,571.91 | 7,271.50 | 6,356.90 | 8,324.29 | | | | | | Total Liabilities | 58,117.16 | 46,604.38 | 36,971.60 | 34,267.87 | 32,082.61 | | | | | | | Mar '13 | Mar '12 | Mar '11 | Mar '10 | Mar '09 | | | | | | | | 12 mths | 12 mths | 12 mths | 12 mths | 12 mths | | | | | | | Application Of Funds | | | | | | | | | | Gross Block | 14,985.37 | 14,478.11 | 14...
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...《 》 2010 1 —— — ： 。 ， ， “ ， ， “ ， 。 ： ； ； ， ” ， ， ” 。 1985-2007 GDP （EKC ）， 。 Eviews6.0 EXCELE ， ， 、 ， 。 。 ； 。 。 （ ： （EKC ） ， ）。 ， GDP ， ， ， 。 ， ， 。 ， 1 ， ， ， ” 。 。 “ ， ， ， ， [ ； ： “ ， ， ” 。 U ， 1985-2007 、 1 EKC ， 。 （ ： — —— ] ： 08XNG020 ） 。 08 08 。 ： zhouyamin2007@yahoo.com.cn ； ： - 80 - 《 》 2010 1 、 ， 20 60 Chenery Syrquin （1975） ， 。 、 ， （Chenery et al. ， 1986）。 ： ； ， ， ， ， （Grossman & Krueger ， 1995）。 。 ， 。 ， “ ” （ （Threshold Point ） 。 ， ， ， 、 ， ）。 、 、 、 ： 。 ， “ ）， （ ， （Berkerman ， 1992）。 （EKC ）。 ” ： “ ）。 ” ， ， （ Turning Point ） ： 、 ， ； ， ， ， ， Grossman ， Krueger 42 U ， EKC EKC 。 20 90 ， EKC 。 EKC （Stern ， 1998； Ekins ， 1997； Dinda ， 2004 ， “ 、 EKC 。 David （ 2001） 2 100 E 22 U OECD ， Y 。 ） ， ， ， ） ， U ” △ （ E/Y） =a+b 100 Y=a+ N N △ （lnE/Y ） +c△ （lnE/Y ） Inmaculade （ 2004） blnX+c （lnX） +d （lnX） 。 。 ， — —— ” ， 2 3 （ 1975-1998 ， X （ Y Pezzey （1989） ： Opschoor （1990） ， U ， ， “ 。 ， （ ， 2005， 2006； ， ， “ 。 ： ， ， “ ” “ ” ， 2006； — —— N ， 2006）。 2 t （2006） 3 t 1986-2003 lnEt=a1+a2lnYt+a3lnY +a4lnY +ut 。 。 ， U” ， GDP ， 。 - 81 - 《 （2007） ， ， 》 2010 1 VAR 1986-2003 、 “ ” GDP ， ， ， GDP 、 （2007） 。 。 “ 、 ” “ ” “- ” U ” ” “ 、 ， 、 EKC ， 。 “ U” 。 “ “ 、 、 U” 、 ， ， ， 。 。 ， 。 。 ， 《 》、 《 》 《 》， 。 ， ， 。 ， 。 ， ， 。 。 ， N 、 ...
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...Singapore Management University AY 2013-14 Term 2 Final Examination Date / Start Time | 21 Apr 2014 / 8.30am | Course | LGST 101 – Business Law | Group | G7 | Instructor | Assoc Prof Low Kee Yang | INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1 The time allocated for this examination paper is 2 hours, of which the first 15 minutes is reading time. Do not write on the answer booklet during reading time. 2 This examination paper has 1 question and comprises 2 pages, including this instruction sheet. All the best. : ) In November 2013, Cindy, a relatively unknown actress in the Singapore film scene, signed a contract to act in a movie produced by Daniel. Filming began in December 2013 and by mid-February 2014, more than $200,000 had been incurred on expenses, including costumes, marketing and shooting. On 15 February 2014, Cindy was ecstatic when she learnt that she has an Oscar nomination for best supporting actress in the category of foreign films for her role in a recent Singapore movie. She then decided that Daniel’s movie might negatively impact her future Hollywood career (as she was cast in Daniel’s movie as a stereotype) and informed Daniel that she would not be acting in his movie anymore. Daniel replied angrily that she will hear from his lawyers. On 22 February, Cindy contracted with Andy to play a lead role in his upcoming movie “The Noble Dragon”, which was scheduled to be released in September this year...
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...Edexcel GCSE Mathematics (Linear) A* Paper (not for the faint hearted) Higher Tier Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Items included with question papers Ruler graduated in centimetres and Nil millimetres, protractor, compasses, pen, HB pencil, eraser. Tracing paper may be used. Instructions to Candidates_____________________________________________________ Check that you have the correct brain power required to attempt this question paper. Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. You must NOT phone a friend or ask the audience. Anything you write on the formulae page will gain NO credit. If you need more space to complete your answer to any question, write smaller. Information for Candidates____________________________________________________ The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 23 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 110. Calculators must not be used unless the symbol appears Advice to Candidates__________________________________________________________ Show all stages in any calculations – A* questions often require you to explain or prove something. Work steadily through the paper. Do not spend too long on one...
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...NAME:_________________________________ CLASS:_________________________________ ------------------------------------------------- FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION 2009 MATHEMATICS FORM 4 PAPER 1 ------------------------------------------------- 1 HOURS 15 MINUTES INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES: 1. Answer ALL questions in this paper. 2. Answer each question by blackening the correct space on the answer sheet. 3. A list of formulae is provided on pages 2 and 3. 4. You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator. Prepared by: | Checked by: | Approved by: | Verified by: | ------------------------------------------------- (Ng Qi Hui)Subject Teacher | ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- (Pn. Faridah Pandin)Mathematics Panel | ------------------------------------------------- (En. Johny Ignatius)Head of Department | ------------------------------------------------- (En. Edmund Tay)Principle | The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are ones commonly used. RELATIONS 1. am×an=am+n 2. am÷an=am-n 3. amn=amn 4. A-1=1ad-bcd-b-ca 5. PA=nAnS 6. PA'=1-P(A) 7. Distance=x1-x22+y1-y22 8. Midpoint,x,y=x1-x22,y1-y22 9. Average speed=distance travelledtime taken 10. Mean=sum of datanumber of data 11. Mean=sum of class mark×frequencysum of frequencies 12. Pythagoras Theorem , c2=a2+b2 ...
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...IEEE Std 802-2001® (Revision of IEEE Std 802-1990™) IEEE Standards 802® IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 7 February 2002 Print: SH94947 PDF: SS94947 IEEE Std 802®-2001 (R2007) (Revision of IEEE Std 802-1990) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture Sponsor LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Reaffirmed 21 March 2007 Approved 6 December 2001 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: IEEE Std 802-2001, IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture, provides an overview to the family of IEEE 802 Standards. It defines compliance with the family of IEEE 802 Standards; it describes the relationship of the IEEE 802 Standards to the Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model [ISO/IEC 7498-1:1994] and explains the relationship of these standards to the higher layer protocols; it provides a standard for the structure of LAN MAC addresses; and it provides a standard for identification of public, private, and standard protocols. Keywords: IEEE 802 standards compliance, Local Area Networks (LANs), LAN/MAN architecture, LAN/MAN reference model, Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers...
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...Overview on GSM mobile communication system History • 1958- in Germany, the A1 net was established • In 1972 an new net was established • 1982- The work to develop a European standard for digital cellular voice telephony began. • the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) created the Groupe Spécial Mobile committee and provided a permanent group of technical support personnel, based in Paris. • In 1987, 15 representatives from 13 European countries signed a memorandum of understanding to develop and deploy a common cellular telephone system across Europe. • France and Germany signed a joint development agreement in 1984 and were joined by Italy and the UK in 1986. • In 1986 the European Commission proposed to reserve the 900 MHz spectrum band for GSM. • By 1987, basic parameters of the GSM standard had been agreed upon and 15 representatives from 13 European nations signed a memorandum of understanding in Copenhagen, committing to deploy GSM. • In 1989, the Groupe Spécial Mobile committee was transferred from CEPT to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).[3] • Phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990 • The historic world's first GSM call was made by the Finnish prime minister Harri Holkari to Kaarina Suonio (mayor in city of Tampere) in July 1 1991. • The first network was built...
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...Sunday, October 21, 2012 Starbucks Coffee and Information Technology Starbucks Coffee Food Manufacturer • The idea of the siren used in the Starbucks logo originates from Herman Mellville’s Moby Dick • She is designed to mesmerize the coffee drinkers; to “lure them to the cup” • A slightly different logo was created for each coffee, and appeared beside it on the menu board as well as on the package of the coffee. Mission Statement Our mission: to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time. Here are the principles of how we live that every day: Our Coffee It has always been, and will always be, about quality. We’re passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. We care deeply about all of this; our work is never done. Our Partners We’re called partners, because it’s not just a job, it’s our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard. Our Customers When we are fully engaged, we connect with, laugh with, and uplift the lives of our customers – even if just for a few moments. Sure, it starts with the promise of a perfectly made beverage, but our work goes far beyond that. It’s really about human connection. Our Stores When our customers feel this sense of belonging, our stores...
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...Algoritmo y Programación 1 Analista de Sistema de Computación Módulo 1 Conceptos básicos de programación lógica 1 Esquema de contenidos Módulo 1 Unidad de Aprendizaje 1 Concepto de procesador, entorno, acción y condición. Algoritmo. Lenguaje. Programa. Concepto de programación estructurada. Estructuras de programación: secuencia, decisión y repetición. Constantes. Variables, expresiones. Identificadores. Tipos de datos numéricos (enteros, reales). Tipo de datos carácter. Tipos de datos cadena de caracteres. Tipos de dato lógico. Cálculo proposicional. Expresiones aritméticas, relacionales, lógicas, carácter y cadena. Operadores. Operadores especiales. Tipos de operandos. Jerarquía de operaciones. Precedencia. Memoria. Asignación simple, compuesta. Aplicaciones en lenguaje Pascal. Introducción a la computación Unidad de Aprendizaje 2 Datos y operandos Unidad de Aprendizaje 3 Estructuras Estructuras de programación. Decisión simple (if then else). Decisión compuesta (case of). Repetición (while do, repeat until, for do). Anidados. Marca de fin. Contadores. Acumuladores. Máximos y mínimos. Aplicaciones en lenguaje Pascal. 2 Unidad de Aprendizaje 4 Subalgoritmos. Función. Procedimiento. Variables locales y globales. Pasaje de parámetros: por valor, por dirección. Subprogramas predefinidos. Mapa de memoria. Aplicaciones en lenguaje Pascal. Subprogramas 3 Unidad de Aprendizaje 1 Introducción a la computación Introducción ...
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