...constructing database Management System’s (DBMS’s). The first approach was based on the hierarchical data model typified by IMS (information Management System). The second approach was based on the network data model, which its main aim of creation was to create a standard database that would unify number of functionalities such as programming languages (queries) for data retrieval, and the inability of the existing database to represent complex relationships database management systems (DBMS). However, these two models had some fundamental disadvantages: • Complex programs had to be written to answer even simple queries • There was minimal data independence • There was no widely accepted theoretical foundation. In reference to DBMS and the ability of building complex relational system, many Relational database management system RDBMS has been developed (also referred as a second generation of DBMSs). RDBMS was used extensively in the 80’s and 90’s, however due to its limitation to respond the more complex entity and, needs of companies and the increasing complexity of database applications. Two “new” data models have emerged; the Object-Relational Database Management Systems (ORDBMS) and Object-Oriented Database Management Systems (OODBMS), which subscribes to the relational and object data models respectively. The OODBMS and ORDBMS have been combined to represent the third generation of Database Management Systems. Current...
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...factors in which Sonoco operated. Earlier, factors such as competition, customers, resources, technology and laws and regulations did not impact Sonoco’s business to the extent it did, in 1990s. It was more complacent and lost edge in technology and innovation. It failed to utilize information technology to its advantage. Sonoco experienced new organizational environmental changes such as integration of the markets, disappearing of geographical barriers and condensing of time to delivery. It now must adapt to new global marketplace in order to maintain a successful business. One can say that Sonoco was operating in an organizational environment which was gradually changing from static and simple (low uncertainty) to a more dynamic and complex (high uncertainty) organizational environment. It was a shift from ERA 1 to ERA 3 organizational design. Before Cindy Hardley joined the organization, Sonoco’s organizational structure resembled more of a multidivisional structure as division HR managers reported directly to the general managers of self contained divisions, and corporate HR was responsible for overseeing the activities of the managers heading each divisions. It was more of a decentralized siloed structured and processes and services provided differ from one business to another. This kind of structure has its own strength and weaknesses which are discussed below: Strength: i. Promoting a family-friendly and team oriented culture. Sonoco fits perfectly into the HR frame...
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...Eldridge International Marketing – MKT505 Section 003016*201005 8/1/2010 Instructor: Dr. Deborah Hill School: Strayer University The Product The Chevrolet Volt is a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle to be produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors and expected to be launched in November 2010 as a 2011 model. For up to the first 40 miles, the Volt is powered by electrical energy stored in its on-board lithium-ion batteries, which are charged by connection to an electrical outlet. The car's battery pack can be fully charged by plugging the car into a 120-240VAC residential electrical outlet using the provided charging cord. No external charging station is required. With fully charged batteries, enough electrical energy will be stored to power the Volt up to 40 miles. A small 4-cylinder internal combustion engine using premium-grade gasoline creates electricity on-board using a generator to extend the Volt's range to more than 300 miles. The electrical power from the generator is sent primarily to the electric motor, with the excess going to the batteries, depending on the state of charge of the battery pack and the power demanded at the wheels. Unlike most current commercially available hybrid electric vehicles, the actual propulsion of the Volt is accomplished exclusively by the electric motor. The Volt concept vehicle has four doors with a rear lift gate, and is capable of carrying four passengers. This is a...
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...house, nine Mile Ride wokingham, UK, Rg40 3ga nkinnear@trl.co.uk Keywords electric vehicles, consumer preferences, segmentation two-wave design was aimed at reducing psychological distance, supporting information transfer into long-term memory, and facilitating non-conscious processing, thus better representing consumer choice processes. Applying cluster analysis to the various attitudinal measures, participants are segmented according to their pro-social and technology-oriented inclinations and some conclusions as to the characteristics of EV consumers are presented. Abstract Climate change programmes around the globe are relying heavily on the electrification of transport, especially private battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrids (‘EVs’). These are novel technologies of which mainstream consumers have very little experience and knowledge, so they are psychologically distant from the category. This presents a methodological challenge. Yet, the weight afforded them in policy requires a better understanding of which consumers are most likely to adopt EVs and under what circumstances. Jansson et al. (2009) concluded that potential consumers will have either a strong pro-environmental orientation or a strong inclination to own this new technology. As these are two distinct characteristics, consumers...
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...VoIP Advantages and Disadvantages The pros and cons of IP technology by Daniel Kochmanski DDK Telecommunications Buffalo, New York VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is the ability to transmit and receive voice telephone calls over an Ethernet data connection. Ethernet data connections are used to connect computers inside an office building across a LAN (local Area Network) also known as intranet as well as connect computers to the world wide web (www) also known as a WAN (Wide Area Network) or internet. I must explain that VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is utilized in two different ways. The first method, and the first one created, is for inbound and outbound phone service via VoIP service providers. The service can be via SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) trunking or a VoIP adapter. The second method is utilizing VoIP signaling directly to a business multi-line telephone is known as an IP (Internet Protocol) based phone or IP phone for short. I shall explain the advantages and disadvantages of IP business phones later in this article. I’ll also explain why a Hybrid system may be your best solution in the final paragraph. VoIP service provider companies, such as net2phone (IDT Corp) and iConnectHere (DeltaThree Corp.), started selling VoIP phone service back in the 1990’s. My personal experience back then was that the quality was very poor mostly due to lack of sufficient bandwidth, internet speed and compression techniques. Today there are hundreds...
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...PLATINUM CONSULTANCY BRAND AUDIT REPORT ON TOYOTA SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Dr Kokil Jain Manisha Singh Shanu Garg Ishaan Chaudhary Amber Jain Akshay Bhandula Utkarsha INTRODUCTION : Toyota Motor Corporation, commonly known as Toyota and abbreviated as TMC, is a multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. It is the world's third largest automobile manufacturer by sales and production. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 as a spinoff from his father's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and, in 1936, its first passenger car, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation group companies are Toyota (including the Scion brand), Lexus, Daihatsu and Hino Motors, along with several "non-automotive"...
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...success. Industry 4.0 refers to the fourth industrial revolution or the Techie Industrial Revolution It will have a higher impact and require less implementation of new equipment (40-50%)1. Industry 4.0 is enabled by disruptive technologies that are expected to change the manufacturing sector by 2025 through significant innovation2. The first industrial revolution involved saw the adoption of steam power. The second industrial revolution or Industry 2.0 was all about the rise of electricity and the 3rd revolution was the digital revolution when electronics broke the market. The transformation to the new age Industry entails the inclusion of sensors, machines, workpieces, and IT solutions along the value chains and beyond a single enterprise. This will enable the connected systems to interact for predicting failure and adapting to such circumstances. Consequently, manufacturing productivity increases, fosters industrial growth and in turn will change the face of competition in the factories of the future. Building Blocks of Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0 is a optimized and automated workflow, driving efficiencies and changing the nature of relationships between man and machine * Big Data & Analytics: The recent surge in the need for meaningful data in the manufacturing sector has induced a pressing need for big data. Big Data has the potential to optimize production quality,...
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...of supply and demand 7 Market clearing price 7 Elasticity, Revenue and Managerial Implications 7 Price elasticity of demand 8 Total Revenue 8 Elastic,inelastic,unitary perfect 8 Demand 8 Elasticity curve 8 Other elasticity measures 8 Income elasticity of demand Ei 8 Cross elasticity of demand Es 8 Price elasticity of supply Ec 8 Price Elasticity and the impact of taxation 8 Impact of Government Regulation: Price Ceiling, Price Floor and Taxes 8 Government regulation 8 Government regulation of automotive industry 9 Government regulation of Segement : Hatchbacks 9 Government regulation of Inputs used in Swift….metal/rubber 9 Government regulation of OIL/ DIESEL 9 Availability of substitutes 10 Plug-in hybrid 10 Price floors 11 Price Ceilings 11 Comparitive stats 11 Changes in demand and supply 11 Production Analysis 11 Production Function 11 Production 11 3: Aluminum 13 Short run 15 Long run 15 The 3 stages 15 The law of diminishing returns 15 Derived demand & the optimal level of variable input usage 15 Multiple Inputs 15 Cost Analysis 15 Introduction Second generation (2004–2010) the Maruti Suzuki Swift was launched in India in May 2005 with a 1.3-litre petrol engine. Later, in early 2007, Maruti introduced the Swift with a Fiat-sourced 1.3 L DDiS engine. In 2010, due to the new BS IV emission norms, Maruti replaced the 1.3 L petrol engine...
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...Biology- The scientific study of life. Life is structured on a size scale ranging from the molecular (smallest components of life) to the global (Earth) scale. Biology encompasses a large variety of life on earth. Uses of Biology in every day life: Molecular Biology – (Biology that deals with the smallest components of life such as cells, DNA, RNA) is used to solve crimes and reveal ancestry. Ecology- The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment is used to address environmental issues. Neuroscience- Field in biology that deals with brains; and Evolutionary science- the study of the evolution of organisms are being used to reshape psychology and sociology. Characteristics of Life: Living things are organized – The organs or vital components that make up a living organism each perform a specific function in an organized way such that it allows the organism to live. Regulation – All living organisms have the ability to regulate and accommodate to changes in their environment in order to stay alive. Growth and Development – Living organisms have the ability to grow and develop. Energy Utilization – Living organisms use energy or convert energy from a food source in order to carry or be able to perform different functions. For example, the human body utilizes carbohydrates found in food as a source of energy. With this energy, humans are able to perform simple tasks such as walking, talking, breathing, etc. Response to environment – Similar...
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...ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We gratefully record here our indebtedness to our dear madam who has always been supportive and inspiring. Without her guideline, this(Productivity & Job design) wouldn’t have been possible. We also demonstrate our heartiest appreciation to them for being helpful to us in presenting the plan successfully. If this assignment makes her satisfied then, it would be the fulfillment of our heart and we would feel that our hard work has been worth of whatever we did! "I would like to thank my supervisor, Mr. _______, for the valuable advice and support he has given me in the writing of this report. I would also like to thank my teachers, Mrs. _______ and Mr. _______ for their encouragement and guidance. Thanks also to my typist, Ms. _______, for her immaculate job and her suggestions. My deepest thanks go to my wife/husband, for her/his love, understanding and support." Table of Content |No. |Contents |Page | |1 |Background | | |2 |Technological Definition | | |3 |Application | | |4 |Classification | | |5 |Future Prospects | | |6 |Business Value | | |7 |Limitation | | |8 |Conclusion | | |9 |References | | ...
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...For the exclusive use of S. AL OBAIDLI 9-405-009 REV: SEPTEMBER 22, 2005 DAVID THOMAS BORIS GROYSBERG CATE REAVIS Sonoco Products Company (A): Building a WorldClass HR Organization Your business is only going to be as good as the people you’ve got. You can have the best strategy in the world, but if you don’t have effective execution by people, it’s going to fail. — Harris DeLoach, Sonoco CEO In order to make progress, we had to somehow decide what things were going to be the same across the company and what things could be or needed to be different to support the businesses. There was a balance that we needed to figure out. — Cindy Hartley, Senior VP, Human Resources It was late August 2000. Cindy Hartley, senior vice president of human resources (HR) at Sonoco, a 100-year-old global provider of industrial and consumer packaging and related services, was meeting with five members of her reorganization task force comprising the heads of employee relations and organizational development, the company’s chief labor attorney, and two key divisional HR directors. Looking to cut costs across the company, the company’s newly appointed CEO had asked Hartley to come up with at least two potential new HR structures that would reduce the function’s costs by 20%, or $2.8 million. But there were other equally pressing reasons for the reorganization. Number one was to ensure top-level accountability for talent management and upgrading. The second reason was to provide...
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...Sumer “The Land Of civilized Kings with help by Gods?” Sumer, located in the southern region of what is now modern day Iraq and Kuwait was once a region known as ancient Mesopotamia. It is thought to be the cradle of civilization which lied between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. The word Mesopotamia means” between the rivers” in Greek. Sumer was inhabited around 4500 BC, but this claim has been contested or the years by archaeologists, due to artifacts unearthed in excavated mounds. So, the Sumerians were not the first settlers in this region, according to the dates of the artifacts it was the Proto-Euphrateans, inhabitants of the Euphrates River. These inhabitants moved from being hunters-gathers to agrarian society evidence by the stone tools from hoes, knives and clay aircrafts! So, when did the Sumerians enter this era? The first ruler of Sumer was a king named Etana of Kish, who came to throne as early as the third millennium B.C. According to the kings list, he is described as the one who stabilized the land. The (kings list) is a scribe document located in the city of Lagash, time frame 2100BCE, that list all of the kings and their great accomplishments during their reign, in other words an attempt to show the continuity of order in their society dating back to the beginning of civilization. Both the Mesopotamians and the Sumerians believed that civilization was a result of the god’s triumphs of order over the chaos of men. Who were these Gods? The Sumerians called...
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...CHAPTER THREE FUNDAMENTALS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter introduces basic concepts of organization structure. Structure is defined, and the students focus on how structure can help organizations achieve their goals. An information processing perspective on structure explains how organizational linkages can provide needed information capacity. Strategies for grouping organizational activities into functional, divisional, matrix, horizontal, or hybrid structures are shown. Symptoms of misalignment are discussed. CHAPTER OUTLINE Managing by Design Before reading the chapter, students will give their opinions on the following statements: • A popular form of organizing is to have employees work on what they want in whatever department they choose so that motivation and enthusiasm stay high. • Committees and task forces whose members are from different departments are often worthless for getting things done. • Top managers are smart to maintain organizational control over the activities of key work units rather than contracting out some work unit tasks to other firms. Organization Structure Structure includes three key components pertaining to both vertical and horizontal aspects of organizing: designation of formal reporting relationships including number of levels in the hierarchy and span of control of managers and supervisors; grouping of individuals into departments and of departments into...
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...ROLE OF AUTOMOBILE SECTOR IN INDIA ON AIR POLLUTION & REMEDIESTAKEN BY THE INDUSTRY AND THE GOVERNMENT REPORT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES COURSE, TERM VI UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROF. SURYANARAYANAN, FACULTY AT XAVIER INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP, BANGALORE SAMUEL N ISAIAH 137, BATCH 17 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. | Topic | | Prologue | | Introduction | | Vehicular Pollutants & Environmental Effects | | Health & Environmental Effects of Vehicular Pollutants | | Green Vehicles in India | | Challenges for Green Vehicles | | Opportunities for Indian Automotive Industry in Green Vehicles | | Bibliography | PROLOGUE The growing cities, sharp increasing traffic, trajectory growth, rapid economic development and industrialization, and higher levels of energy consumption has resulted in increase of pollution load in the urban environment. It is also accepted that automobiles have emerged as a critical source of urban air pollution specially in the developing world. Realizing the gravity of the problem, steps are being taken to introduce better technologies, better technologies, better fuel quality, shift to environment friendly fuels, and mass transit system for the control of environmental pollution in urban areas. Not only the central and state governments, but even automobile manufacturers in India have been developing strategies for mitigation measures to improve the urban air quality and make the cities cleaner...
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...Keller, 1998). Owning the number one or two brand in the product category provides manufacturers withas well as providing a weapon to counter growing retailer power (Barwise and Robertson, 1992). A strong brand name Theycan also provide the basis for brand extensions, which further strengthen the firm's position in the marketplace as well as potentially enhancing the brand’s value (Aaker and Keller, 1990). As firms move into international markets, branding plays an important role in its marketing strategy. In particular, a cautious branding strategy provides a means to enhance the firm’s visibility and integrate strategy across national markets (see Khermouch, Holmes and Ihlwan, 2001). In markets outside the U.S., the concept of building strong brands in order to establish market position is relatively recent (Court et al. 1997). Markets are often fragmented, characterized by small-scale distribution, and lack the potential or size to warrant the use of heavy mass media advertising needed to develop strong...
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