...Summary Emotionally abused women face a lot of problem during and after the abusive spousal relationship has ended. The psychological outcomes after a woman is involved in this type of relationship are severe and can be very detrimental if it is not effectively dealt with. This article focuses on forgiveness therapy (FT) with an alternative treatment (AT), which deals with anger validation, assertiveness, and interpersonal skill building. The study mainly focuses on emotionally abused women who had been permanently separated from their abusive spouse for a little over two years. Individuals who participated in FT experienced significantly greater improvement than AT participants in categories such as depression, trait anxiety, posttraumatic stress symptoms, self-esteem, forgiveness, environmental mastery, and finding meaning in suffering. Some of the methods used in this study were they examined 20 psychologically abused women from different ethnicity such as European Americans, Hispanic American, and Native American. They also determined their educational levels, employment status, the amount of children living with them, and if participants had been remarried or started a new relationship with a live-in partner. From their gathering of this information they determined that “Eighteen participants reported criticizing, 20 reported ridiculing, 15 reported jealous control, 20 reported purposeful ignoring, 5 reported threats of abandonment, 6 reported threats of personal harm...
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...There is no clear reason for abuse, but it’s suggested that there are certain factors related to abuse, and that the existence of more than one of these factors place a person at high risk of abuse. There are many factors which can lead to an abusive situation; this could be disabilities or mental health problems, the environment, family conflict. Many groups of people are more vulnerable and at risk of abuse than others. This could be a person with a learning disability or a physical disability and/or someone who suffers with mental health problems. Other people also at risk of abuse are older individuals that may suffer from dementia. Older individual’s or individuals who suffer from mental illnesses or have disabilities tend to be over compliant and accepting to whatever happens to them in the care of others. This can be because they have difficulty communicating and with their interaction; and do not understand the differences between right and wrong – some adults with autism may experience this. This can lead to individuals taking advantage of them, and manipulating the vulnerable adult into thinking that this situation is normal, so they are not aware that abuse and exploitation is taking place. Vulnerable adults who suffer from communication difficulties are often incapable of communicating to someone that they are being abused. . Adults that suffer from dementia can also be abused. This can happen, as it is not unusual for individuals who are suffering from dementia to...
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...Tragedy and The Human Conditions Essay: Abusive Power “Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power. ” In a statement by Abraham Lincoln it is identified that the greatness of man is tested by how he utilizes his power. As demonstrated in William Shakespeare's Macbeth, Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, and The Time Magazine article Adolf Hitler, one can see how the abuse of power creates chaos in society. By analyzing the actions of the characters Macbeth, Abigail Williams, and the character Adolf Hitler, it is evident how the misuse of power will lead to the loss of structure in society. “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” A statement by Lord Acton which illustrates that those who gain power ultimately become corrupted by it - thus leading one to abuse their power. This statement is well demonstrated in the actions of the character Macbeth, from William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, in his rise to power from Thane of Glamis to the King of Scotland. Within the first scene of the play, Macbeth is given the gift of knowledge of the future, by the three witches, which he ultimately uses to gain more power. “All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee, Thane of Glamis ... All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!” (I.iii. 48-50). When given this prophecy from the three witches, Macbeth utilizes this information, once he becomes Thane of Cawdor, to plan the death of King Duncan. The power of knowledge is...
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...supervisors, colleagues, and client interactions is a form of stress commonly found at work (Kuhns, 2008). Recently, increasing interest has sparked research towards abusive supervision and its negative consequences. Empirical research has found that abusive supervision leads to increased turnover, less favorable attitudes, increased conflict between relationships, and lower in-role and extra-role behaviors (Tepper, 2000). Abusive supervision is a “subordinate’s perception of the extent to which their supervisors engage in the sustained display of hostile verbal and nonverbal behaviors, excluding physical contact” (Tepper, 2000, p. 178). It is considered a form of counterproductive workplace behavior which is opposite to the organization’s interests (Hoobler & Brass, 2006). Abusive supervision is perceptual in nature and based on an individual’s subjective assessment (Tepper, 2001). That is, some individuals may view their supervisor’s behavior as abusive in one situation and non abusive in another. Furthermore, two subordinates may differ in their assessment of a common supervisor’s actions. When confronted with abusive supervisory behaviors, subordinates may be unwilling to admit that they have experienced abusive supervision by their supervisors, while others may exaggerate their supervisor’s hostility. Abusive supervision has a downward influence effect (Tepper, Duffy, & Shaw, 2001). A supervisor’s negative actions tend to “flow downhill” (Hoobler & Brass, 2006, p....
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...Article Critique BBA 3361 Summer, 2012 Sterling Grove Bennett, J.T., Moss, S.E., & Duffy, M.K. (2011). Predictors of abusive supervision: Supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflict and subordinate performance. Academy of Management Journal, 54, 279-294. I. Statement of the Problem a. Research Topic The topic is how to predict if and when abusive supervision will occur within a work environment. The topic explains how abusive supervision can cost up to $23 billion in extra health car, workplace withdrawal, and lost productivity. b. Research Problem As the title of the article suggests, supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflicts, and subordinate performance, are usually good indicators of when a supervisor is going to be abusive to a subordinate. The authors refer to the only three published studies that have investigated the possible seeds of abusive supervision. In all of them they have found that abusive supervision is a response to that supervisor’s perception of mistreatment done to them at their employment. This helped explain why some supervisors might be more inclined to use hostile management then others, but none of them really answer why supervisor seem to target certain individuals. c. Research Questions Certain questions asked were like “How much relationship tension is there between you and this employee?” or “What is your personal view of your subordinate in terms of his or her...
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.......................................................................3 Methodology ..............................................................................................................................................................8 Data Sample ...........................................................................................................................................................8 Measures .................................................................................................................................................................9 Control Variables ...............................................................................................................................................9 Abusive Supervision (AS) ................................................................................................................................ 10 Ethical Leadership (EL) .................................................................................................................................. 10 Affective Commitment to the Supervisor (ACTS) ............................................................................................ 10 Job Security (JS)...
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...Abusive Relationships For many years; humans have celebrated marriage as a beautiful union, between two “lovers” who swear to be beside one another and care for one another, in sickness and in health. Unfortunately, some decided to break this sworn vow and intentionally harm their spouse. This form of abuse can happen in many way including emotionally, physically, or physiologically. While many people are unaware of it, spousal abuse occurs frequently in today's society. Spousal Abuse can range getting yelled at getting hit, and from intimidation to stopping one's access to finances. According to the United States Department of Justice, spousal abuse “a behavior in any relationship that is used to gain power and control of another intimate partner” (U.S.D.O.J.). Spousal abuse is usually a pattern and habit so it is very hard to stop once it happens it will more than likely happen again. Walking away from this abusive relationship is harder than most think. A study done at Harvard Medical School concluded, “Isolation and fear may prevent a women from leaving,” (“Recognizing”). There are many things that can stop a person from not leaving an abusive relation; one very important reason would be children. Many people believe it is best not to disrupt the child's life, and therefore stay in the relationship. However, it is never a good a idea to expose children to this abuse. Lipkint 2 Generally, when we think about abuse we picture all the poor woman who've suffered at...
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...The topic is how to predict if and when abusive supervision will occur within a work environment. The topic explains how abusive supervision can cost up to $23 billion in extra health car, workplace withdrawal, and lost productivity. b. Research Problem As the title of the article suggests, supervisor perceptions of deep-level dissimilarity, relationship conflicts, and subordinate performance, are usually good indicators of when a supervisor is going to be abusive to a subordinate. The authors refer to the only three published studies that have investigated the possible seeds of abusive supervision. In all of them they have found that abusive supervision is a response to that supervisor’s perception of mistreatment done to them at their employment. This helped explain why some supervisors might be more inclined to use hostile management then others, but none of them really answer why supervisor seem to target certain individuals. c. Research Questions Certain questions asked were like “How much relationship tension is there between you and this employee?” or “What is your personal view of your subordinate in terms of his or her overall effectiveness?” questions were asked like this to try and get a complete overview of particular supervisor and their subordinate. II. Review of the Literature The authors begin with the reasoning behind the research that they conducted and why it is important to stop abusive supervision before it even starts. They talk...
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...Running header: Predictors of Abusive Supervision 1 Predictors of Abusive Supervision Article Critique - Unit 3 Columbia Southern University Predictors of Abusive Supervision 2 In Predictors of Abusive Supervision: Supervisor Perceptions of Deep-Level Dissimilarity, Relationship Conflict, and Subordinate Performance, authors Tepper, Moss, and Duffy conduct a study on their hypothesis of predictors for supervisor abuse toward subordinates. Abusive supervision costs companies and the victims as much as 23.8 billion dollars a year in increased health care, employee turnover, and production loss. (Tepper, Moss, & Duffy, 2011) Using the moral exclusion theories of perceived dissimilarity of employees, conflicts with employees, and the usefulness of employees, as their base ideas, they also bring into their study the performance evaluations given to subordinates by their supervisors and how they relate to the other predictors. Although the authors focus on relationship conflict and low performance evaluations as the predictors of abuse, I propose that it is actually usefulness to the supervisor and perceived dissimilarity that leads relationship conflicts and low evaluations to occur. Tepper, Moss, & Duffy (2011) propose that perceived dissimilarity is not the cause of abusive behavior, but instead it is perceived relationship conflict and low performance evaluations that lead to perceived dissimilarity. The low performance evaluations are what cause ...
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...walked out of my view finally after hours of exhausting arguing. It’s over, I thought. Then I heard, my mother scream, “Don’t!” I ran in a hurry into the room, afraid he was going to hurt her again. As soon as I saw him attempting to put the illegal handgun together, threatening to shoot himself, I ran back to my room and asked my boyfriend what to do: should I call 911 or not? I was worried that once I called, my dad would be back in no time to unfairly punish me for turning in my very own flesh and blood. My boyfriend finally convinced me to call, which was scary because I was so anxious my father would hear me whispering on the phone in the dark and punch me in the face as hard as he could, making me black out again. There’s a point in abusive relationships where it starts to feel normal. When it’s been like this for so long, you don’t remember how else it could be. How could an emotionally abused child know about anything else? Hollywood portrays positive relationships between parent and child--but you’re told no real family is like that. Experiences such as my father killing my kitten is something that most children don’t see, but that was something that has since made me afraid of all that he was capable of. I remember being so excited to enter into middle school because, for whatever reason, I thought the yelling, scrutinizing, and manipulation would stop then. That’s not how it went though--it continued then got even worse in high school. It was hard for me to concentrate...
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...The Ethics of Abusive Behavior in Leadership When determining the ethical, or unethical, stance of a situation, one must understand what ethics refers to and that each person has his or her own value system. Ethics is the analyzation of the morality, or beliefs, of a person, group, society, culture, etc. The standards by which a person formulates morals can be by a variety of circumstances and acquaintances in life, generally beginning in adolescent years when a child learns the difference between right and wrong. Adults face situations every day where ethics are involved, especially those in leadership positions. As history has shown, the line dividing right and wrong is obscure for some leaders who display abusive behaviors. Through the course of this paper, the ethics of abusive behavior in a variety of leadership positions will be critiqued as well as history of abusive behaviors in leadership and warning signs for preventative measures. Abusive Behavior...
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...The first limitation that would be faced would be gaining access to the women required for the survey to be possible. The women may not want to share their stories out of fear of their abuser or because they do not wish to relive the experience. This would also possibly cause a limitation in accessing the women due to confidentiality clauses within crisis centres or gaining the trust of police officials in order to access the files. The next limitation would be finding a safe way to contact the women who are still in abusive relationships. The women may feel that by discussing their relationships, it endangers them with the abuser and may cause a backlash. Another limitation is that the women who are in abusive relationships, may not define...
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...Parents of criminals: Abusive or Indifferent In his essay “Stop blaming kids and TV”, Males is saying that the parent(s) of juvenile offenders are to blame for their unlawful behavior, not necessarily the individual committing the crimes themselves. Disregarding race, a large factor of the future of a child in most cases is the way that they are raised. (With his dozen years in youth programs in Montana and California he undoubtedly has credibility in this field.) He has seen countless instances where a relation was evident with the disposition of the parents and children. The cause of younger and younger people committing more and more violent crimes is the way in which they were raised; as the cliché states, someone is a product of their raising. “Japanese and European kids behold media as graphically brutal as that which appears on American screens, but seventeen-year-olds in those countries commit murder at rates lower than those of American seventy-year-olds” (Males 287). People in the aforementioned quotation are raising their children in a more effective manner where the children are subjected to the same media violence as those here in the U.S.A but they still have a lower crime rate than their respective American counterparts. It is common knowledge that foreign parents especially Asians are very strict and more demanding from their children's accomplishments and aspirations. This says something about the relative indifference if some of the parents in America, if...
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...There are a multitude of reasons as to why individuals remain in an abusive relationship this can stem from the dynamics of the relationship in itself to the abused individuals own conflicts due to past trauma. As an individual who works with survivors of domestic and sexual violence I will provide one insight into this question. It is important to understand various dynamics that play an essential role into why individuals remain in abusive relationships; however, if you fixate on this and this alone you will be left baffled. Even when you think you know why they choose to stay unless you have done extensive work with that particular client you may not know all the dynamics. I have clients who for the first few months are actively ready to leave the relationship and even do so, then turn around after 6 months and return to the abusive relationship. I have learned to educate myself on the topic and by understanding the complexity has helped me to be present in the moment with clients regardless of where they are in the process. One of the most common reasons is because often they are told if they leave the...
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...Abusive Relationships Abusive relationships can cause many physical disagreements that can be life threatening like physical and emotional violence, fear, and even self-condemnation. It can also cause mental emotional depression and physical problems including death. Abusive relationships influence millions of relationships each day and teenage girls are at higher risks. The significance of these relationships can cause life changing repercussion. Physical and Emotional Abuse Physical and Emotional violence can cause mental scars that can last even a lifetime. Sometimes emotional abuse can be onerous to recognize because it does not leave any visible scars. Threat, imtimidation, putdowns, and betrayal can cause lack of self-confidence and low...
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