...at October 31 $6,442.56; outstanding checks as of October 31 $3,400.00; deposits in transit at October 31 $1,000.00. The adjusted balance per the bank statement on October 31 is $4,042.56 ($6,442.56 + $1,000.00 – $3,400.00). * Importance of Bank Reconciliatiom * Preparation of bank reconciliation helps in the identification of errors made in the records of the hotel or the bank. * Cash is the most vulnerable asset of an entity. Bank reconciliations provide the necessary control mechanism to help protect the valuable resource through uncovering irregularities such as unauthorized bank withdrawals. However, in order for the control process to work effectively, it is necessary to segregate the duties of persons responsible for accounting and authorizing of bank transactions and those responsible for preparing and monitoring bank...
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...November 21, 2012 Introductory Accounting I (BME212054) Ron Davis: ID 483865 To connect my background and experience as it relates to Introductory Accounting I in this Prior Learning Essay, I reference my learning and professional experience. • Certified Financial Planner, Investors Diversified Services, Minneapolis, MN. • 30 years of experience selling software and services to banks and credit unions. • Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) Certification 2002. • Successfully completed Business Ethics, Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, Money and Banking, Statistics, Organizational Behavior, Globalization: Business & Society in the Information Age. BASIC ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS AND BUSINESS STRUCTURE Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are a set of principles, procedures, and authoritative standards set by policy boards and simply the commonly accepted way of recording and reporting financial information. The purpose of accounting is to provide the information that is needed for sound economic decision making. The main purpose of financial accounting is to prepare financial reports that provide information about a firm's performance to external parties such as investors, creditors, and tax authorities. Managerial accounting contrasts with financial accounting in that managerial accounting is for internal decision making and does not have to follow any rules issued by standard-setting bodies. Financial accounting, on the other hand, is performed according...
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...CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS Questions, Exercises, Problems, and Cases: Answers and Solutions 1.1 The first question at the end of each chapter requires the student to review the important concepts or terms discussed in the chapter. In addition to the definitions or descriptions in the chapter, the end of the book has a glossary. 1.2 Titles could be Controller, Vice-President of Finance, or Chief Financial Officer. 1.3 The two major uses of managerial accounting information are (1) information for managerial decision making (for example, make-or-buy decisions, store closure decisions, capital investment decisions), and (2) information for managerial control and performance evaluation (for example, budgeting, comparing actual performance with norms or standards). The first use, which is the focus of Part II of this book, usually requires special purpose reports that estimate how revenues, costs, and investments will differ among the alternatives being considered. The second use, which is the focus of Part III of this book, usually involves routine monthly, quarterly, and annual performance reports. Information for planning requires estimates of future costs, revenues, and other data, while information for performance evaluation is generally based on data about the past. 1.4 Total Quality Management (TQM) means the organization is managed to excel on all dimensions and quality is ultimately defined by the customer. Under total quality management, performance...
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...Unit 1 IP By Amber Brooker June 14, 2013 ACCT310 Abstract In this essay I am a manager in an accounting department and would like to hire another managerial accountant. The CEO is not convinced, so I must convince him. Manager Report Accounting has two different purposes: the first is reporting for external users and other is for internal users like management. Because of this, accounting can be put into two different categories: financial accounting and managerial accounting. Financial Accounting gives us a view of the financial position of the company. It is management’s responsibility to keep the accounting records in a way that gives us the correct view of the company; it must be free from any material misstatement, which may distort the reader. In order for it to be conveyed properly, management has to follow certain rules and regulation such as GAAP, IAS, etc. Managerial accounting helps with the planning & control, as well as the decision making activities of the company. The success of the business depends on the planning and the correct decision making in keeping the facts and figures related to the situation, this is what the managerial accounting does. So, Financial Accounting is used for external reporting purpose and the managerial accounting is used for internal reporting purpose. Financial Accounting emphasizes on the financial aspect and the Managerial Accounting is the planning and decision making aspect. Most of the time, reports are created...
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...CHAPTER 1 The Changing Role of Managerial Accounting in a Dynamic Business Environment ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS 1-1 The explosion in e-commerce will affect managerial accounting in significant ways. One effect will be a drastic reduction in paper work. Millions of transactions between businesses will be conducted electronically with no hard-copy documentation. Along with this method of communicating for business transactions comes the very significant issue of information security. Businesses need to find ways to protect confidential information in their own computers, while at the same time sharing the information necessary to complete transactions. Another effect of e-commerce is the dramatically increased speed with which business transactions can be conducted. In addition to these business-to-business transactional issues, there will be dramatic changes in the way managerial accounting procedures are carried out, one example being e-budgeting, which is the enterprise-wide and electronic completion of a company’s budgeting process. 2. Plausible goals for the organizations listed are as follows: (a) Amazon.com: (1) To achieve and maintain profitability, and (2) to grow on-line sales of books, music, and other goods. (b) American Red Cross: (1) To raise funds from the general public sufficient to have resources available to meet any disaster that may occur, and (2) to provide assistance to people who are victims of a disaster...
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...1) Ethical behavior requires: that auditor’s pay not depend on the success of the clients business. 2) A payment to an owner is called: withdrawal 3) To include the personal assets and transaction of a business owner in the records an reports of the business would be in conflict with the: Business entity assumption 4) Social responsibility: is a concern for the impact of out actions on society. 5) All of the following are true regarding ethics except: Ethics do not affect the operations or outcome of a company. 6) Which of the following accounting principles would require that all goods and services purchased be recorded at cost? Cost Principle 7) The accounting principle that requires accounting information to be based on actual cost and requires assets and services to be recorded initially at the cash or cash-equivalent amount given in exchange is the: Cost Principle 8) A partnership: has unlimited liability for its partners 9) The group that attempts to create more harmony among the acct practices of different countries is the : IASB 10) The US government bonds are low-risk and low return investments. 11) Account balance: the difference between the total debits and total credits for an account including the beginning balance. 12) Which financial statement reports an organization financial position at a point in time? Balance Sheet 13) Debit is used to record: an increase in the balance of the owners withdrawals account. ...
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...Chapter First, 15 questions 1. Sole, Partnership and Corporation 2. Advantages of corp: The liabilities of the owners are limited to their investment to the company. It can also raise money easily through stock market. Disadvantages of corp: the establishment of a corp is complicate. There are usually a large amount of shareholders in a corp, and the management may act out of his or her interest instead of everyone’s interests. 3. Advantages of partnership or sole: It is much more simply to form. Owners can also make decision on their accounts. Owners get all the profit. Disadvantages of partnership or sole: Liability is extremely high. The capacity to raise capital is limited. Owners take all the responsibilities. 4. Marketing managers, production supervisors, finance directors and company officers. Internal users with information are managerial accounting is to provide relevant and timely information for managers' and employees' decision-making needs 5. Investors, creditors, research scholars and government. 6. Financing activities: the issuance or redemption of bonds. Investing activities: acquisition (purchase) of long-term investments, equipment used in the business and a building used in the business. Operating activities: manufacturing, retail and service. 7. Service revenue: IS Equipment: BS Advertising expense: BS Accounting receivable: IS Common stock: IS Internet payable: BS 8. Financing activities, Investing activities...
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...Appendix A Pricing Products and Services Solutions to Questions A-1 In cost-plus pricing, prices are set by adding a markup to a product’s cost. The markup is usually a percentage. A-2 The price elasticity of demand measures the degree to which a change in price affects unit sales. The unit sales of a product with inelastic demand are relatively insensitive to the price charged for the product. In contrast, the unit sales of a product with elastic demand are sensitive to the price charged for the product. A-3 The profit-maximizing price should depend only on the variable (marginal) cost per unit and on the price elasticity of demand. Fixed costs do not enter into the pricing decision. Fixed costs are relevant in a decision of whether to offer a product or service at all, but are not relevant in deciding what to charge for the product or service once the decision to offer it has been made. Because price affects unit sales, total variable costs are affected by the pricing decision and therefore are relevant. A-4 The markup over variable cost depends on the price elasticity of demand. A product whose demand is elastic should have a lower markup over cost than a product whose demand is inelastic. If demand for a product is inelastic, the price can be increased without as drastically reducing unit sales. A-5 The markup in the absorption costing approach to pricing is supposed to cover selling and administrative expenses as well as providing for an adequate return...
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...INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING I (ACC 221) 21 Aug 2013 - 15 Oct 2013 TEACHER: Dr. Joseph L. Ilk, CPA, CMA, CVA, CPCM TELEPHONE: Office: (703) 805-4473 Home: (540) 582-6008 E-mail: jilk@nvcc.edu If you e-mail me, please put “ACC 221" and either "E40W" or "E80W" ” in the subject line. If you do not I will not recognize the e-mail and will delete the file. The student needs to put their First and Last Name in the e-mail so I know who it came from. OFFICE HOURS: Mon-Fri 8:00 p.m. - 9:00 p.m.I check my e-mail (jilk@nvcc.edu) every day. NOVA IT Helpdesk: (703) 426-4141 CONNECT HELPDESK: (800) 331-5094 PRE-REQUISITES: ACC 212 - Principles of Accounting II I. THE COURSE: ACC 221, intermediate accounting covers accounting principles and theory, including a review of the accounting cycle and accounting for current assets, current liabilities, and investments. Introduces various accounting approaches and demonstrates the effect of these approaches on the financial statement users II. SCOPE: The study will cover but not be limited to the following areas: Theoretical structure of financial accounting Time value of money Review of the accounting process Cash and receivables Balance sheet Inventories Income statement Plant, property, and equipment Cash flow statement Investments Income measurement and profitability analysis III. Course Learning Objectives: * Comprehend the environment and theoretical...
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...CHAPTER 1 The Accounting Environment: What Is Accounting and Why Is It Done? QUESTIONS Q1-1. A variety of answers are possible but the essential elements are the production and communication of information so that stakeholders can make decisions. Q1-2. Financial accounting is concerned with providing information to those outside an entity such as investors, lenders, and CRA. Managerial accounting provides information to those inside the entity such as managers and other decision makers. Table 1.3 provides differences: Table 1.3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING | |Financial Accounting |Managerial Accounting | |Stakeholders |External to the entity. Includes investors, |Internal to the entity. Managers and other | | |lenders, taxation authorities (such as the |employees. | | |Canada Revenue Agency), competitors, and many | | | |others. These stakeholders usually don’t have | | | |direct access to information about the entity | | | ...
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...Assignment 1: Review of accounting ethics 1 Assignment 1: Review of Accounting Ethics By February 1, 2013 ACC 557: Financial Accounting Oleksii Morgun Strayer University at Arlington Campus School of Business Administration (M.S. Accounting Program) Assignment 1: Review of Accounting Ethics 2 Abstract This research writing is to describe the following: 1. Given the corporate ethical breaches in recent times, assess whether or not you believe that the current business and regulatory environment is more conductive to ethical behavior. 2. Based on research, describe organization, the accounting ethical breach and the impact to the organization related to ethical breach. 3. Determine how the organizational ethical issue was detected and how management failed to create ethical environment. 4. Analyze the accounts impacted and/or accounting guidelines violated and the resulting impact to the business operation. 5. As a CFO, recommend which measures could have been taken to prevent this ethical breach and how each measure should be implemented in future. Assignment 1: Review of Accounting Ethics 3 Before the Enron and Andersen scandals, relatively little public attention was paid to the truthfulness of financial reporting. Of course, no one believed every...
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...PART Overview of Accounting Information Systems Chapter 1 The Information System: An Accountant’s Perspective 3 Introduction to Transaction Processing 31 Ethics, Fraud, and Internal Control 91 Chapter 2 I Chapter 3 1 CHAPTER The Information System: An Accountant’s Perspective nlike many other accounting subjects, such as intermediate accounting, accounting information systems (AIS) lacks a well-defined body of knowledge. Much controversy exists among college faculty as to what should and should not be covered in the AIS course. To some extent, however, the controversy is being resolved through legislation. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 established new corporate governance regulations and standards for public companies registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This wide-sweeping legislation impacts public companies, their management, and their auditors. Of particular importance to AIS students is the impact of SOX on internal control standards and related auditing procedures. Whereas SOX does not define the entire content of the AIS course, it does identify critical areas of study that need to be included for accountants. These topics and more are covered in the chapters of this text. The purpose of this chapter is to place the subject of AIS in perspective for accountants. Toward this end, the chapter is divided into three major sections, each dealing with a different aspect of information systems. The first section explores the...
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...AC1220 Lab 1.1 Introduction On January 1, 20x1, Jake Jones decides to start a computer repair business. The business will operate as a proprietorship under the name Jake’s Computer Repair Service. Requirement 1 Match each of the following accounting concepts or principles to the correct description: cost principle, entity concept, faithful representation principle, going-concern concept, and stable monetary unit concept. Description | Accounting Concept/Principle | Jones ensures that the information contained in the financial records of the business is complete, neutral, and free from material errors. | Faithful Representation Principle | All transactions entered into the financial records of Jake’s Computer Repair Service are U.S. dollar amounts. | Stable Monetary Unit Concept | Assets acquired by Jake’s Computer Repair Service, such as property and equipment, are recorded at their actual cost. | Cost Principle | Jones must keep his personal assets and liabilities separate from those of the business. | Entity Concept | Jones expects the business to be successful and to continue operating into the foreseeable future. | Going-Concern | Requirement 2 The following transactions take place in January 20x1, the first month of operations for Jake’s Computer Repair Service: a. Jan. 1, 20x1. Jones opens a business account with Ninth Street Bank and deposits $5,000. b. Jan. 2, 20x1. Jones borrows an additional $10,000 from Ninth Street Bank, signing...
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...Chapter 1: The objective of financial reporting Chapter 1 describes the objective of financial reporting, the primary user group to which financial reporting is directed, the types of decisions made by that group and the financial information useful to that group in making those decisions. 1. The boards decided that an entity’s financial reporting should be prepared from the perspective of the entity (entity perspective) rather than the perspective of its owners or a particular class of owners (proprietary perspective). Do you agree with the boards’ conclusion and the basis for it? If not, why? Yes, we agree with the boards’ conclusion about the preparation of the entity’s financial reports from the entity perspective because this is in correspondence with the current situation of entities. In other words, under the entity perspective, the reporting entity has substance by its own; contrary to the situation under the proprietary perspective where it does not have substance separately from the proprietary one. The proprietary perspective is more accurate to the situation where entities do not exist separately from its owners or to those days where most businesses were sole proprietorships and partnerships that were managed by their owners. Nowadays, the separation between managers and owner grew, most of today’s businesses have legal substance, and multiple capital providers with limited legal liability being more appropriate, in our opinion, the entity adopted perspective...
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...The value chain is the sequence of business functions in which customer usefulness is added to products or services. In supporting managers, management accountants have three guidelines. These guidelines are: Cost-benefit analysis, behavioral considerations and technical considerations, and different costs for different purposes. Galway Co. management desires cost information regarding its Celtic brand. The Celtic brand is a(n) cost object. Cost objects are anything for which a measurement of cost is desired The cost of a product can be measured as any of the following except as one b. identified as period cost Which of the following is not a factor in cost-volume-profit analysis? c. Total variable costs Chpt.4 PPT----Basic Costing Terminology: Cost objects are anything for which a measurement of cost is desired Direct costs -- can be traced to that cost object in an economically feasible way; indirect costs cannot be traced … Cost-allocation base—a systematic way to link an indirect cost or group of indirect costs to cost objects Costing Systems:In a JOB COSTING SYSTEM, the cost object is a unit or multiple units of a distinct product or service which we call a job. Each job generally uses different amounts of resources. In a PROCESS COSTING SYSTEM, the cost object is masses of identical or similar units of a product or service. In this type of system, we divide the total cost of producing an identical or similar product or service by the total number of units produced...
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