CHAPTER 11 Reporting and Analyzing Stockholders’ Equity Study Objectives • • • • • • • • • Identify and discuss the major characteristics of a corporation. Understand the Components of Stockholders’ Equity. Record the issuance of common stock. Explain the accounting for the purchase of treasury stock. Differentiate preferred stock from common stock. Prepare the entries for cash dividends and understand the effect of stock dividends and stock splits. Identify the items that affect retained earnings. Prepare a comprehensive stockholders' equity section. Evaluate a corporation's dividend and earnings performance from a stockholder's perspective. Chapter Outline

Study Objective 1 - Identify and Discuss the Major Characteristics of a Corporation 1. A corporation is a. a legal entity created by law b. a corporation has most of the rights and privileges of a person. c. Corporations may be classified in a variety of ways. Two common classifications are i. by purpose ii. by ownership. 1. Classification by ownership differentiates publicly held or privately held; a. A publicly held corporation is regularly traded on a national securities market and may have thousands of stockholders. b. A privately held corporation, often referred to as a closely held corporation, does not offer its stock for sale to the general public and may have only a few stockholders. 2. Distinguishing Corporations from proprietorships and partnerships. a. Separate legal existence: i. An entity separate and distinct from owners. ii. Acts under its own name rather than name of stockholders. iii. May buy, own, and sell property; borrow money; and enter into legally binding contracts; may sue or be sued; and pays its own taxes. iv. The acts of owners (stockholders) cannot bind the corporation unless owners are agents of the corporation. b. Limited liability of stockholders:

i. Creditors have recourse