...British Journal of Industrial Relations 49:S2 July 2011 0007–1080 pp. s353–s375 doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00801.x Transnational Labour Solidarity and Social Movement Unionism: Insights from and beyond a Women Workers’ Strike in Turkey bjir_801 353..375 Tore Fougner and Ayça Kurtoglu ˘ Abstract Through an analysis of solidarity across borders and social groups in connection with and beyond a strike on the part primarily of women workers at a foreignowned factory in Turkey’s Antalya Free Zone, this article contributes to the debate on the two union renewal strategies of transnational labour solidarity and coalition building with social movements. In the case at hand, the extensive strike-related support on the part of external unions and the women’s movement illustrates the positive difference that solidarity practices can make. However, looking beyond the strike itself, the case points to significant challenges related to the development of deeper and more proactive solidarity across borders and social groups. 1. Introduction What are the implications for unions of political economies being restructured in neoliberal terms, and production being re-organized transnationally? This question has generated extensive debate among unionists and academics alike, and one can somewhat synthetically distinguish among a fatalist position viewing the transformations in question as so fundamental that unions are left with few options but to resign, a denialist position considering...
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...CHAPTER 10: STRATEGY AND THE MASTER BUDGET QUESTIONS 10-1 Compel strategic planning and facilitate implementation of strategic plans. An organization’s strategy, strategic plans, and budgets are interrelated. Preparing budgets compels reviews of an organization’s strategy and its strategic plans and can facilitate implementations of the strategic plan. Feedback from budgets often results in improvements to an organization’s strategy and strategic plan. Serve as a basis for performance evaluation. Budgets serve as the benchmark against which actual performance can be compared. Budgets are a better basis for judging performance than past performance for two reasons. First, budgeted amounts take into account expected changes and improvements in the environment. Second, past performance is a result of past events and operations and may not be suitable to serve as a benchmark. To the extent past performance was not effective/efficient it does not make sense to use this as the standard against which actual performance is compared. Motivate managers and employees. Budgets, if internalized, serve as goals for managers and employees and, if properly implemented, can motivate them toward achievements of the goals. Promote coordination and communication within the organization. Budgets compel managers to think of interdependencies and interrelationships among subunits of the organization. A budget is also a communication device that helps all employees and...
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...ACO01– FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 2 FINAL EXAM ANSWER SHEET 2014 ------------------------------------------------- Name : Student ID : ------------------------------------------------- Test code : Time : 90 minutes TOTAL MARKS: | 1st Invigilator | 1st Examiner | 2nd Examiner | 2nd Invigilator | Part A. Multiple choice questions (40 marks) Please fill in the appropriate circles corresponding to your answers. 1. 2. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 3. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 4. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 5. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 6. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 7. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 8. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 9. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 10. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 11. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 12. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 13. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 14. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 15. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 16. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 17. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 18. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 19. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 20. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 21. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Part B. Exercises (60 marks) Transaction | Account Titles | Debit | Credit | 1. | Purchased lot | 225,000 | | | Old building | 120,000 | | | Cash | | 345,000 | | Tear down old building | 34,500 | | | Fill and level the lot | 51,000 | | | Construction cost | 1,140,000 | | | Cash | | 1,525,000 | | | | | 2. Ming Yue Co | Land | 154,665 | | | Land improvements | 55,440 | | | Building | 162,030 | | | Closing costs | 19,600 | | | Cash | | 387,850 | | | | | 3. Fineses Co | Depreciation (1 year) = 13,250 | | | | Depreciation expense | 59,625 | | | Accummulated depreciation | | 59,625 | | | | | 4. | Cash | 35,000 | | | Accummulated depreciation | 59,625 | | ...
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...The electricity company uses past experiences. It knows the credit limit of its customers and amount of electricity being consumed by the customers for last few months. They can calculate the revenue on December 31 by using the past usage of several months and the amount received from the customers. The law firm can only recognize revenue when they deliver some sort of service to client. If they don’t deliver any service, they will not count $10,000 as revenue. At end of 2010, the firm can calculate the revenue on the basis of services provided. The firm may provide different types of services with different fees for each service. Depending upon the services used by the client and percentage completion method of services revenue can be calculated. Answer Revenue can be recognized at the end of December 2010. i.e. 5000 they were given with the advance and if they provide or didn’t provide any service till December 2010 they can count it. Raymond cannot count any of the amounts i.e. $260,000 as revenue in 2010. It depends upon the passengers who are using the service. If all the passengers are using the service in 2011, then it will be counted as revenue in 2011. If any of them cancel their reservation and don’t use the service, it will affect revenue in 2011. Answer: Revenue can be known. Allowance account should be made for bed debts account. Raymond is just a travel agent. He sell the tickets and that’s his job. The price of trees varies by height, so selling the...
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...A business bad debt is deductible for tax purposes as a(n): d. A business bad debt is deductible for tax purposes as an ordinary business deduction. A business machine valued at $800 was contributed to a charitable organization during the year. The machine cost $1,000 but was depreciated down to $600 before the donation was made. Indicate the correct income tax treatment with respect to the donation. a. An ordinary income property charitable deduction is limited to basis. There is no income recognition when making a charitable donation. A business tax deduction for business gifts is restricted to $25 per year per: d. A business tax deduction for business gifts is restricted to $25 per individual donee per year. A calendar-year corporation incurs $53,000 of start-up costs. If the corporation began business on August 1 of the current year, what is the maximum amount of the start-up costs that it can deduct against business income in the current year? d. Taxpayers are allowed $5,000 in the rst year, plus amortization of the remaining balance over 180 months. The $5,000 is reduced, however, by the amount by which start-up costs exceed $50,000. Thus, in this case, the corporation may deduct $2,000 plus ($51,000 / 180 months x 5 months) = $3,417. A contribution made to the following donee is not deductible: b. Oxford University, England Charitable contributions must be made to charities that are incorporated in the United States. A corporation paid $50,000 for qualied child...
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...Relevance Relevance means that the information in financial statement is can make a difference in the outcome of a decision. Information that made to be relevant must provide about past transaction and events, predict future conditions and confirming or correcting past evaluation by the users made (Keith, etal 2005). For example: in the balance sheet the asset and liabilities must reported in two categories, fixed and non-fixed. * Materiality The relevance of information is affected by its nature and materiality. Materiality is the term to relative the important of an item or event. Materiality is depends on the size of the items or error judged in the particular circumstances of its omission or misstatement (Wood & Sangster 2008). For example: in the multinational company, a mistake in recording the 100 box of staples may not be important, because the staples are not a material item. Materiality is means the items that is trivial for the business (Wood & Sangster 2008). Reliability “Accounting information is reliable to extent that users can depend on it to represent the economic conditions or events that it purports to represent (Gary & Curtis 2009)”. Reliability of information means that the information is free of error and bias. For example: * Faithful representation Faithful representation is very important to provide the transactions and others event in accounting information. It is also to disclosure the risk of error surrounding recognitions...
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...Question Mark Goldfinger owns Beauty Sparkle Ltd, a company that manufactures silver party jewellery. One of your Asian customers places a special order of 20,000 jewellery sets (necklace plus earrings) at a price of £5 each. To take this project Mark need to invest additional £150,000 into the business. Mark asks you for help in evaluating the profitability of this request. His accounting team has provided you with the following information related to this order that m ay be helpful with your evaluation: £ Administration expenses 2,000 Depreciation 5,000 Electricity 3,000 General overhead expenses 1,000 Jewels 5,000 Other variable costs 5,000 Packaging 5,400 Production team wages 10,000 Rent 4,000 Salaries 6,000 Silver 20,000 The company has only half of the required silver in stock. The rest needs to be purchased from the wholesaler. However, the current cost for silver is 20% higher now than in previous deliveries. 40% of the electricity cost is fixed. Production team wages – the production team currently has some spare time in which it could complete this contract. Salaries – the management team is currently overstretched in their duties. However, the directors have agreed to pay them a one off bonus of £100 if management c arries out the supervision of this contract. Depreciation – the depreciation rates that are set at the beginning of the year include extra capacity to ensure contracts like this one can...
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...ACO01– FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING 2 FINAL EXAM ANSWER SHEET 2014 ------------------------------------------------- Name : Student ID : ------------------------------------------------- Test code : Time : 90 minutes TOTAL MARKS: | 1st Invigilator | 1st Examiner | 2nd Examiner | 2nd Invigilator | Part A. Multiple choice questions (40 marks) Please fill in the appropriate circles corresponding to your answers. 1. 2. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 3. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 4. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 5. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 6. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 7. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 8. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 9. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 10. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 11. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 12. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 13. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 14. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 15. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 16. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 17. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 18. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 19. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 20. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ 21. Ⓐ Ⓑ Ⓒ Part B. Exercises (60 marks) Transaction | Account Titles | Debit | Credit | 1. | Purchased lot | 225,000 | | | Old building | 120,000 | | | Cash | | 345,000 | | Tear down old building | 34,500 | | | Fill and level the lot | 51,000 | | | Construction cost | 1,140,000 | | | Cash | | 1,525,000 | | | | | 2. Ming Yue Co | Land | 154,665 | | | Land improvements | 55,440 | | | Building | 162,030 | | | Closing costs | 19,600 | | | Cash | | 387,850 | | | | | 3. Fineses Co | Depreciation (1 year) = 13,250 | | | | Depreciation expense | 59,625 | | | Accummulated depreciation | | 59,625 | | | | | 4. | Cash | 35,000 | | | Accummulated depreciation | 59,625 | | ...
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...CHAPTER 5 ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING AND ACTIVITY-BASED MANAGEMENT 5-16 (20 min.) Cost hierarchy. 1. a. Indirect manufacturing labor costs of $1,200,000 support direct manufacturing labor and are output unit-level costs. Direct manufacturing labor generally increases with output units, and so will the indirect costs to support it. b. Batch-level costs are costs of activities that are related to a group of units of a product rather than each individual unit of a product. Purchase order-related costs (including costs of receiving materials and paying suppliers) of $600,000 relate to a group of units of product and are batch-level costs. c. Cost of indirect materials of $350,000 generally changes with labor hours or machine hours which are unit-level costs. Therefore, indirect material costs are output unit-level costs. d. Setup costs of $700,000 are batch-level costs because they relate to a group of units of product produced after the machines are set up. e. Costs of designing processes, drawing process charts, and making engineering changes for individual products, $900,000, are product-sustaining because they relate to the costs of activities undertaken to support individual products regardless of the number of units or batches in which the product is produced. f. Machine-related overhead costs (depreciation and maintenance) of $1,200,000 are output unit-level costs because they change with the number of units...
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...CHAPTER 2 Learning Objective: 02-01 Analyze routine economic events-transactions-and record their effects on a companys financial position using the accounting equation format. The Marchetti Soup Company entered into the following transactions during the month of June: (1) purchased inventory on account for $245,000 (assume Marchetti uses a perpetual inventory system); (2) paid $60,000 in salaries to employees for work performed during the month; (3) sold merchandise that cost $160,000 to credit customers for $300,000; (4) collected $280,000 in cash from credit customers; and (5) paid suppliers of inventory $225,000. | Analyze each transaction and show the effect of each on the accounting equation for the corporation. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign. Enter the net change for items which affect more than one account in an account category (i.e., assets, liabilities, etc.)) | | | Assets | = | Liabilities | + | Paid-in capital | + | Retained Earnings | (a) | $245,000 | | $245,000 | | | | | (b) | (60,000) | | | | | | (60,000) | (c) | 140,000 | | | | | | 140,000 | (d) | 0 | | | | | | | (e) | (225,000) | | (225,000) | | | | | A company that has a fiscal year-end of December 31: (1) on October 1, $25,000 was paid for a one-year fire insurance policy; (2) on June 30 the company lent its chief financial officer $23,000; principal and interest at 5% are due in one year; and (3) equipment costing $73...
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...Quantitative Case Report Checklist Executive Summary (One page) Six paragraphs Situational Analysis Overview Main SWOT Points related to the Issue Problem Analysis Review of Alternatives and Decision Criteria Recommendation with Rationale Action Plan with Critical Step, Potential Problem and Contingency Plan Present a good snapshot of the report 1.Situation Analysis – Overview (One paragraph) Should provide information about Company (age, location, type of business) Products/services and Primary customers Competitive advantage Current financial situation Current decision to be made Description of current (not past) situation supported by relevant facts from the case Situation Analysis - SWOT (One page with proper format) Assess the capabilities of the company (3-4 relevant points in each) Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Strengths & Weaknesses – internal factors – owned or controllable by the company Opportunities & Threats – external factors – uncontrollable by company For each point: Statement of the existing factor Explanation of why it is a S W O or T 2.Problem Analysis (One paragraph) Should include “Why is that”? “how significant is it?” Statement of the problem Three causes as to why it happened Significance of the problem Urgency required to solve the problem Work Smart Tip -Make sure you have a clear statement AND a case supported explanation to go along with your...
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...これだけは知っておきたい！ 国際財務報告基準Ｑ＆Ａ KeyWord1 国際会計基準審議会の発足 Q 国際会計基準審議会（IASB）の設立の経緯について教えてください。 A 1．IASC の発足および IOSCO の影響 国際財務報告基準（IFRS）の設定主体である国際会計基準審議会（IASB）は 2001 年から活動 を開始していますが、その活動は、前身の国際会計基準委員会（IASC）より引き継がれたもの です。 IASC の発足は、1973 年に遡ります。IASC は、世界 9 カ国（英・加・米・豪・蘭・西独・仏・墨・日） の職業会計士団体により設立され、日本からは、日本公認会計士協会がメンバーとして参加し ていました。IASC は発足以来、現在の国際財務報告基準の原型となる国際会計基準（IAS）を 作成していました。 1980 年代に入ると、1986 年に結成された証券監督者機構（IOSCO）からの働きかけを受けるな ど、IASC は新たな段階にはいりました。IOSCO は、米国の証券取引委員会（SEC）や日本の大 蔵省（現在は金融庁）など、資本市場の規制当局者により構成されていました。IOSCO が IASC に関心を持った理由は、1980 年代の国際資本市場の拡大、とりわけ多国間公募の拡大でした。 IOSCO は 1987 年 6 月から IASC の諮問グループのメンバーでしたが、1988 年 11 月に開催さ れた IOSCO の第 13 回メルボルン総会をもって正式に、IOSCO が IASC による IAS の改善作業 を奨励することおよび IASC の活動を支援していくことを表明しました。 IOSCO からの支持を受けて、IASC は、会計処理を可能な限り統一し国際的企業間比較を可能 にするという目標に向けて精力的に作業を行いました。1989 年 1 月に公開草案として E32「財 務諸表の比較可能性」を公表し、IAS の改訂作業を開始しました。6 年間にわたるこの比較可 能性改善プロジェクトは、1993 年 11 月にオスロで開催された IASC の理事会において 11 の基 準書が一括改訂されたことにより完了しました。 1973 年 国際会計基準委員会（IASC）の発足 1987 年 証券監督者機構（IOSCO）が IASC 諮問グループに参加 1993 年 比較可能性改善プロジェクトの完了 2000 年 2001 年 コア・スタンダードの完成 SEC のコンセプト・リリースの公表 欧州連合（EU）による IAS の EU 域内の上場企業への適用を決定 国際会計基準審議会（IASB）に組織改正 2002 年 米国財務会計基準審議会（FASB）と IASB によるノーウォーク合意 2．コア・スタンダードの完成と米国、EU の対応 比較可能性改善プロジェクトにより見直された IAS は、IOSCO にとって満足の行くものではあり ませんでした。このため、1995 年 7 月に IASC と IOSCO は、IAS を再度見直すことに合意し、 1999 年 6 月までに「包括的コア・スタンダード」を完成させることを公表しました。IOSCO が受入 れ可能と認めるコア・スタンダードが完成すれば、グローバルな市場でのクロス・ボーダーの資 金調達および上場目的のために、IAS の使用を認める勧告ができるとされていました。 このため、IASC...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Accounting for intangible assets is a major issue within the accounting environment. The issue is identifiable when it concerns accounting for research and development costs, in particular, internally generated assets. With two imperative standards in practice today, one being the IASB’s selective capitalisation of expenses into an intangible asset once a specific criteria has been reached and the other being the FASB’s system of straight expensing of all expenditure. This subject plays a vital role in the accounting world due to the large amount of money invested into research and development activities, with the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010 reporting that Business expenditure on R&D (BERD) in Australia alone increased 15% to $14, 380 million up from 07-08. In discussing the different styles taken by the Boards it is easier to identify the impact these standards have on a corporation and its performance, with particular reference being made to Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals Limited, an Australian listed company that is currently undertaking research and development to develop a UV medical protection of the skin from UV and light for sun-related ailments. 1. Clinuvel Activities of R&D Clinuvel Pharmaceuticals Limited (CUV) is a listed Australian biopharmaceutical company based in Melbourne. The focus of CUV is to further research and develop, and eventually commercialise, its leading drug candidate afamelanotide as “a preventative treatment for...
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...Chapter 18 1. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) sets accounting standards used by private not-for-profit colleges and universities. 2. Current and potential contributors and other interested parties want to know how financially stable these organizations are and how they use the monies they receive. Future gifts or grants are often based, at least in part, on the organization’s ability to convince donors that it uses its resources wisely to accomplish state goals. Financial statements are vital to this objective because they report both the resources generated and the spending decisions that have been made. 3. The financial statements required for private not-for-profit colleges and universities are: A. The statement of financial position B. The statement of activities and changes in net assets C. The statement of cash flows 4. Temporarily restricted assets are those that may originally be restricted, however are not permanently restricted. When a temporary restriction (either time or usage) is fulfilled, that amount is reclassified as unrestricted at that time. May no longer be restricted because: -Money was appropriately expended for an expense as designated by the donor -Money was appropriately expended for an asset as designated by the donor -A donor restriction based on time was satisfied 5. Permanently restricted assets are those that may only be used for the reason designated by the donor. There is no time limit for when...
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...Accounting Project Income statement Analysis. Our base company for this project is Visa Inc. and we are going to analyze three items of the income statement that are important for investors. These three items are: Total operating revenues, total operating expenses and Net income. The first one that we are going to analyze is Total operating revenues in their income statement it is listed as the sum of service revenues, data processing revenues, international transaction revenues, other revenues, less client incentives. We’ve chosen to do vertical analysis for this first part because their operating revenues is divided in several parts and this will help us to make a better analyze of their outcome. In the operating revenues table, we can see that the share of service revenues have decreased from 46.75% in the base year (2012) to 45.64% in the current year. However, data processing revenues, which is one of the core business for Visa Inc., has increased its part of the total operating revenues by 2.54% in two years (38.14% in 2012 and 40.68% 2014). This means that it is playing a significant part in this statement. Client incentives also plays a major role in the operating revenues and while it decreases the total operating revenue across the years by an average of 20%, its increase means that Visa Inc. is increasing its total base of clients. For the total operating revenue part, we decided to make a horizontal analyses to compare its growth in these three years. Putting...
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