Douglas McGregor (1906- 1964)
The American psychologist. McGregor argued that managers operate from their personal view of how employees function. He separated managers into two groups based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. He related Theory X managers to lower order needs in the hierarchy and Theory Y managers to higher order needs. Book: “The Human Side Of Interprise”
Theory X
>people are intrinsically lazy
>no responsibility
>incapable of self-discipline and only want security
>controlled and threatened before they will work >The autocratic leadership style is the only one that works.
Theory Y

intrinsically motivated

have self-control and do seek responsibility

Employees can be consulted since individuals are emotionally mature positively motivated towards their work

see their own position in the management hierarchy

Managers will find that the participative approach to problem solving and decision making leads to far better results than authoritarian orders from above.

Characteristics of the theory X manager >distant and detached >aloof and arrogant > short temper >shouts >issues instructions, directions, edicts >issues threats to make people follow instructions >demands, never asks >does not participate >does not team-build

Quote:
"Most teams aren't teams at all but merely collections of individual relationships with the boss. Each individual vying with the others for power, prestige and position."

Comment:
Team should have one main goal setting aside personal interest. But not all team are called as a team because of our differences. In a team there should be one member that aspires for a higher position, power and prestige. Because of our individuality person may compete within the group or in a