...ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS DISCLOSED _________________________ A Case Study Presented to The Clinical Instructors AUP College of Nursing Adventist University of the Philippines __________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course NMCN 244, Care of Mother, Child, Family and Population at Risk ___________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction Significance of the Study II. Patient DataBase A. Demographic Data B. Nursing History 1. Developmental Tasks 2. Health History 3. Medical Diagnosis & Chief Complaints III. The Disease Entity A. Review of Normal Physiology B. Theoretical Background C. Statistical Report D. Risk/Aggravating Factors E. Pathophysiology Narrative w/ Documentation F. Pathophysiology Diagram G. Prognosis of Disease IV. Assessment A. Gordon’s or Head to Toe Assessment B. Book Picture vs Patient’s Manifestations V. The Management A. Diagnostic Test Result and Significant B. Therapeutic/Medical Interventions 1. Surgeries/Treatment 2. Drugs C. Nursing Initiated Interventions 1. Nursing Care Plan 2. Discharge Plan VI. General Evaluation of the Study A. Summary B. Recommendation VII. Bibliography I. Introduction Acute glomerulonephritis is a disease that affects glomerular capillaries. Etiologic factors are many and varied; they include immunologic reactions, vascular injury, metabolic...
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...Glomerulonephritis is an abnormal renal disease and not a part of the normal aging process. This disease is categorized by the inflammation of glomerulus. The inflammation can be onset in the presence of certain drugs and toxins, diseases such as vascular, systemic, diabetes mellitus, and lupus erythematosus, or viruses such as hepatitis B or C and human immunodeficiency disease (HIV) (McCance, et al., 2006). There are eight different common types of glomerulonephritis. The common types of glomerulonephritis are distinguished by cause and pathophysiology (McCance, et al., 2006). One type in particular that will be discussed into further detail is acute glomerulonephritis. Acute Glomerulonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis is categorized...
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...College of Medical Technology Acute Glomerulonephritis In partial fulfillment of RLE Researchers: Valdez, Shiela Mae A. Alonzo, Krizzel Marie M. Sevilla, Rica Allona N. Flores, Ma. Cristina D. Mangulabnan, Kimberly M. March 2015 I. INTRODUCTION Glomerulonephritis literally means inflammation of the glomerulus or the clusters of microscopic blood vessels in the kidney that filter wastes and fluids from the blood. It includes a number of disorders that affect the structure and function of the glomerulus without any prominent inflammation. It is therefore also referred to as glomerular disease or glomerulopathy. In glomerulonephritis, various known and unknown causes trigger immune activity against the glomeruli which damages it. It is characterized by body tissue swelling (edema), high blood pressure, decreased protein in the blood (anemia), and the presence of red blood cells (hematuria) or protein (proteinuria) in the urine. (Christian Nordqvist, Medical News Today, 2009) Collin, Rull, and Huins (2012) articulated that glomerulonephritis results from a variety of immune and inflammatory mechanisms. It is often described as primary, when it arises on its own and originated on the kidney, or secondary, when glomerular involvement is part of a systemic disease like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and polyarteritis nodosa. Furthermore, glomerulonephritis can be classified as acute or chronic. In acute glomerulonephritis, the condition starts suddenly...
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...MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE Dominique Lewis Anatomy & Physiology I | BIO1011 15 South University . Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) What’s considered to be an autoimmune disorder, Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) is one of the most puzzling diseases due to its overlapping characteristics. These overlapping characteristics include the diseases systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, and polymyositis (http://lup.sagepub.com/content/15/3/132.short). Though the disease is somewhat unknown and presumably hereditary, the uncovered cause and criteria for diagnosis is linked through like antibodies and antigens (http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJM197611182952101). MCTD affects numerous body systems i.e. skeletal, muscular, skeletal, digestive, and nervous (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Mixed_Connective_Tissue_Disease). Treatment for this disease is patient specific depending on the severity of each case; while the medications prescribed are ailment specific, creating a huge risk of developing side effects due to contraindications and normal use. In diagnosing these side effects, one must first explore the history of MCTD. What is Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)? In 1972 (Venables) Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD) was first recognized for its overlapping features by its like or “mixed” similarities noticed in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of three autoimmune connective...
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...There is an estimated 1.5 million Americans that have and live with Lupus and more than 16,000 new cases are reported across the country each year (LUPUS Foundation of America; 2011). Lupus is an autoimmune disease that is chronic and can cause damage to any part of the body. The body’s immune system produces proteins referred to as antibodies. These antibodies help to provide protection for the body from invaders. Our immune system cannot tell the difference between these foreign invaders and our body’s healthy tissues; therefore autoantibodies attack and ultimately destroy healthy tissues, which is known as autoimmune or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) (LUPUS Foundation of America; 2011). Inflammation, pain, and damage to other various parts of the body are due to these autoantibodies. The causes of SLE are genes, environment, and genetic factors. Even though researchers and scientists are unsure of just how genetic factors may alter or affect the immune system; researchers estimate that 20 - 100 different genetic factors may make a person susceptible to SLE (The New York Times; 2011). Environmental triggers can set off a flare of this disease. Environmental triggers can be ultraviolet rays from either the sun and/or fluorescent light bulbs, sulfa drugs that causes more sensitivity to the sun, penicillin and other antibiotic drugs, an infection, a cold and/or a viral illness, exhaustion, an injury, emotional stress and...
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...Week 2 Homework-Administrative Regulations K’Asha Nesbitt November 9, 2013 1. State the administrative agency which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interest you (briefly). Will this proposed regulation affect you or the business in which you are working? If so, how? The Department of Health and Human Services as well as the Food and Drug Administration controls the regulation. This particular regulation interests me because I am a Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) patient and I have been suffering from this illness for over 10 years. There is a chance that somewhere in the near future I could develop Lupus Nephritis (LN) (renal disease stemming from SLE). Yes, this regulation could affect me in a positive manner. If the FDA approves treatment and new drugs to help suppress SLE, this could mean less people will develop LN. 2. Describe the proposal/change. The proposal is to create guidance for unmet medical needs for more effective and less toxic treatments. This proposal will help to develop human drugs, therapeutic biological products and medical devices for the treatment of Lupus Nephritis caused by Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE). 3. Write the public comment that you would have written. Explain briefly what you wish to accomplish with your comment. My comment is that more people are developing this debilitating disease and there aren’t many drugs and treatments that help to suppress the inflammation. I was diagnosed...
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...Tyler Crow Cameron Carroll BIOL 2010 Disease Project 11-10-14 Systematic Lupus Erythematosus My partner and I chose to do our project over systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects connective tissues. This disease has a “sister” form called discoid lupus erythematosus; this disease only affects the skin. For this project, however, we are only going to discuss the much more severe form of systematic lupus. A few facts about SLE is that it strikes women eight more times often than men; thus further, 15 times more often in childbearing years (Springhouse 433). This essay will cover the symptoms, etiology (cause), diagnosis, and treatment for SLE. The symptoms of SLE include intense joint pain and swelling, extreme risk and often development of arthritis, skin rash, sensitivity to sunlight, hair loss, breathing discomfort, mouth sores and fatigue (National Institute of Health). If the disease is severe and affects multiple parts of the body the symptoms can then range from brain and nervous system issues, abdominal pain, arrhythmias, lung problems including coughing up blood, and renal complications. Renal complications can cause swelling in the legs, and weight gain. All these symptoms are rarely seen in a single patient. The symptoms depend on which part of the body is affected. The cause of SLE is still unknown, however evidence strongly points to the antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) that attack its own cells...
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...et.al, 2011) Lilly Walden describes herself as an active, athletic, and healthy woman. In her mid-forties she continues to run 2–3 miles 5 days per week. Lilly is married with three children and is employed by the local school district as a speech therapist. Lilly describes herself as health-conscious. Her diet is balanced, and she is a nonsmoker and drinks wine on rare social occasions. Lilly has a history of asthma, triggered by environmental changes, and it typically requires antibiotic therapy for bronchial infections 2–3 times per year. This presentation will review the following: 1. Priority care needs of the patient at the center of the case study 2. Priority care needs of the family care providers 3. The disruption that this acute illness has caused for the patient, family members, and clinical microsystem 4. The experiential features of acuity 5. The elements that the clinical microsystem 6. Potential barriers to providing care 7. The communication strategies that were used in the delivery of care 8. Well-defined (but flexible) roles within the clinical microsystem 9. Potential strategies for unexpected changes 10. The Deployment Flowchart Priority care needs of the patient require the organization to take good care of the patient in a timely manner to find the cause of the pain being experienced. The patient’s pain has to be kept at minimum, have direct communication with the patient and their family and try to find the cause of the pain in a timely...
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...Ethnographic research: oral interview 4-5 pages double spaced An ethnography is a long term investigation of a group (often a culture) that is based on immersion in and, optimally, participation in that group. Ethnography provides a detailed exploration of group activity and may include the collection of historical information and in-person interviews of members of the group. It is an approach which employs multiple methodologies to arrive at a theoretically comprehensive understanding of a group or culture. Ethnography attempts to explain the web of interdependence of group behaviors and interactions. In this assignment, you will interview a disabled or chronically ill person and make observations about the person based on your understanding of what it means to be a member of this social category. Remember that disability and chronic illness include both visible and invisible elements, and that there is great variation in age, class, ethnicity, and gender identity. You may also interview the parent of a child with a disability as long as the parent can speak on behalf of the child’s social experience or experience in society. You will use your knowledge of course concepts related to disability identity and group belonging. The interview can take place in person or, if absolutely necessary, over Skype, but not on the phone. It is important that you read facial expressions and have a sense of the respondent’s non-verbal communication. You should find out as much as you can...
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...Addiction as a Chronic Illness Donnell Parker PS370-01 Health Psychology January 17, 2012 Chronic illness refers to conditions that have the following conditions: The condition involves some disability; it is caused by mostly nonreversible pathological change; and it requires training and motivation on the part of the patient to care for himself or herself. The onset of chronic illness can be sudden or gradual, but one characteristic common to all chronic illnesses is that the patient cannot fully return to the pre-illness state of health (Friedman 2002). Some examples of chronic illnesses are AIDS, various forms of cancer, epilepsy and asthma. Addiction is a condition that results when a person ingests a substance (alcohol, cocaine, nicotine) or engages in an activity (gambling) that can be pleasurable but the continued use of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary life responsibilities, such as work or relationships, even health. Users may not be aware that their behavior is out of control and causing problems for themselves and others (Iliff 2012). Addictions are another form of chronic illnesses. Addictions are characterized by relapses in thinking or a return to substance abuse. Relapse is now seen as the rule rather than the exception in addiction recovery. And it is no longer viewed as a catastrophe but as an opportunity for learning more and better strategies for overcoming urges and for identifying the moods and...
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...I will be looking at the effects of acute and chronic illness on society, particularly in Britain, and the differences between public and private healthcare in their treatment of these problems. Great Britain has a relatively high level of public expenditure on healthcare as a percentage of its GDP. In terms of its healthcare structure it is one of the most public systems as it has a National Health Service, thus offering free healthcare to all residents. The system differs greatly from the more market driven and private healthcare structure of the US. Because of the provision of free healthcare, the vast majority of people in Britain use public healthcare as opposed to the expensive private alternative. However, this does not mean that public healthcare in the UK is superior to other countries as the government struggles constantly with the cost of maintaining the NHS. This leads to a number of cost cutting initiatives, rationing and an inability to purchase the most expensive and advanced medical equipment. The British government also suffers with such problems as bed blocking as hospitals are over subscribed with patients, which leads to increased waiting times for ill people. These problems occur far less in private healthcare sector in the UK, which is of a high level, but it is difficult for the majority to afford. An acute illness is one, which begins and progresses rapidly such as a cold or flu. The person is fine one moment and in urgent need of medical help...
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...impairments that involve the total human environment for supportive care and self-care, maintenance of function and prevention of further disability: (Lubkin, 1995, p.8) Principles Related to Chronic Illness / Trajectory o Duration- lasts for extended period, six months or longer. o Incidence- common in older adults but impacts all ages. o Predictability- one chronic condition impacts 85% of persons 65 years of age and older. The most common are visual impairment, diabetes, heart disease, deafness and hearing impairment, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, osteoporosis, hip fractures, urinary incontinence, stroke, Parkinson’s disease and depression o Shape- multiple health problems with protracted, unpredictable course. Management during the acute phase is usually in the hospital, other phases are usually managed at home. Implications of Chronicity: 1. Managing chronic illness involves more than managing medical problems. Adaptation to illness/disability is a continuous process. 2. Chronic conditions can pass through many different phases over the course of the disease – There can be stable & unstable periods, flare-ups & remission. 3. Keeping chronic conditions under control requires persistent adherence to therapeutic regimens. 4. One chronic disease can lead to other chronic conditions – Diabetes can lead to Neurologic & circulatory changes. 5. Chronic illness affects the whole family 6. People with chronic conditions & their families must assume major responsibility...
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...An Introduction to Guasha(yuan dynasty) Gua means “to scrape” and Sha means “red skin rash” (in other words, the result of the Gua).So The essence of Guasha is the scraping of the back and other areas to release blocked Qi (energy) and to cure other illnesses. When is Gua Sha used? Gua Sha is used whenever a patient has pain whether associated with an acute or chronic disorder. It can resolve musculo skeletal pain, Gua Sha is used to treat as well as prevent common cold, flu, bronchitis, asthma, as well as any chronic disorder involving pain, congestion of Qi and Blood. Where is Gua Sha applied? Sha is raised primarily at the surface of the body: the back, neck, shoulders, buttocks, and limbs. On occasion, Gua Sha is applied at the chest and abdomen. How is Gua Sha applied? Doctors their patients to find areas that feel tight. They then rub them with a spoon or similar tool until they turn red. “Essentially, you are scraping the restriction in their skin,” What kind of instrument is used to Gua Sha? A soupspoon, coin, or slice of water buffalo horn is used in Asia. I have found that a simple metal cap with a rounded lip works best and is by far more comfortable to the patient. What does the type of Sha indicate? The color of the Sha is both diagnostic and prognostic. Very 1.light colored Sha can indicate Deficiency of Blood. 2.If the Sha is purple or black, the Blood stasis is long-standing. 3.If brown, the Blood may be dry. 4.Dark red...
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...in this case I'm referring to an acute hospital setting. As a child I was taught to believe that it was rude to laugh or speak loudly and disrespectful to make eye contact with elders. Crying was perceived as weak and insecure. Emotions such as pride in academia were revered. I developed a true sense of self-awareness and self-motivation in order to maintain that pride as well as to receive the praise from my family. However I lacked social skills which I attributed to my childhood beliefs. I entered the United States in 1994 and rapidly assimilated with American culture. The most difficult change was to establish eye contact with others, followed by accepting failure and being able to cry. Years of college and constant social exposure has allowed me to gain insight on my own personality as well as to expand on my social skills. The fundamental nature of effective communication is based on emotions. On a personal level I was fortunate to have been given opportunities for introspection, which I believe instilled within me immense emotional intelligence. As a working professional I am able to utilize those attributes to create a productive working environment as well as to alleviate the emotional and physical pain and suffering of my patients. I am faced on a daily basis with patients who are frustrated and angry with the world because of their inability to communicate and provide self care secondary to a debilitating, chronic or acute disease. I am at times angered...
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...of Medicine, New York, New York; 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina; 3Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York; 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Judith E. Nelson, M.D., J.D., Box 1232, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029. E-mail: Judith.nelson@mssm.edu Next SectionAbstract Although advances in intensive care have enabled more patients to survive an acute critical illness, they also have created a large and growing population of chronically critically ill patients with prolonged dependence on mechanical ventilation and other intensive care therapies. Chronic critical illness is a devastating condition: mortality exceeds that for most malignancies, and functional dependence persists for most survivors. Costs of treating the chronically critically ill in the United States already exceed $20 billion and are increasing. In this article, we describe the constellation of clinical features that characterize chronic critical illness. We discuss the outcomes of this condition including ventilator liberation, mortality, and physical and cognitive function, noting that comparisons among cohorts are complicated...
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