...Adolescent Stages of Development Adolescence is probably the most difficult period in life of every individual since it is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood. In this period adolescents undergo significant changes in physiological, psychological and social aspects. Naturally, these changes produce a significant impact on their lifestyle, behaviour, psychology, etc. Traditionally, adolescence is considered to start at preteens, mostly from around 9-10 years of age till 19-20 years of age. Basically, adolescence may be divided into three main stages middle childhood (8-11), early adolescence (11-14), and middle adolescence (15-18) while the last years of adolescence may be characterised as the last years when individuals completely grew into adults. Adolescence is a time of great change for a child. It is a time where they begin to explore who they are as individuals and develop their own identities as they get closer into adulthood. Erik Erikson theorized that in adolescence “the main task is developing an identity” and that a healthy identity is developed when they try on alternate identities and reflect on these experiences (Pressley &ump; McCormick, 2007, p.147). Michael Nakkula says “identity is not the culmination of a key event or series of events, although key events can play an important role in the larger process. It is rather, the lived experience of an ongoing process-the process of integrating successes, failures, routines, habits, rituals,...
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...Infancy and Early Childhood Development Developmental Stages Essay Adolescence is probably the most difficult period in life of every individual since it is a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood. In this period adolescent undergo significant changes in physiological, psychological and social aspects. Naturally, these changes produce a significant impact on their lifestyle, behaviour, psychology, etc. Traditionally, adolescence is considered to start at preteens, i.e. from 9-10 years of age till 19-20 years of age. Basically, adolescence may be divided into three main stages middle childhood (8-11), early adolescence (11-14), and middle adolescence (15-18) while the last years of adolescence may be characterised as the last years when individuals completely grew into adults. Middle Childhood The first stage when children actually start to transform into adolescents begins at preteens and lasts until 11 years of age. This stage marks the start of a fast physical growth since at this stage uneven growth of bones, muscles, and organs starts that may result in certain awkward appearance. Some children, especially girls begin puberty at this age that creates certain difficulties for them, so they need access to information about sexuality appropriate for their age. On the cognitive level, some elements of childhood are combined with elements of adolescence. To put it more precisely, logical thinking starts to develop, though children are still have limited...
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...Human Lifespan Development PSY 6668 Dr. John Alberty April 14, 2016 Physical, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Development The population is described as fifteen female adolescents ranging from ages 11 to 17 years old. Although this population of females come from a diverse cultural and ethnic background they are linked by similar physical and mental issues. The females of First Step Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facility are categorized as clinically obese and 2 out of the 15 observed have asthma. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Bipolar, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, psychosis, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) are just some of the diagnoses these young ladies are plagued by, with some of them having multiple diagnoses. The female adolescents are currently a part of a 24-hour psychiatric residential treatment program where they can be housed from a minimum of three months up to a maximum of two years. Summary of “Normal” Development Generally, puberty serves as a marker for the beginning of adolescence. In female adolescents the breasts make an appearance or become larger and pubic and underarm hair become visible. The average female adolescent will have a growth spurt at about nine years old and peak at 11 ½ years old, their hips widen, and they have their first menstruation (Santrock, 2015, p. 342). Hormones also began to play a role in both physical and psychological development with the rate...
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...Title of Study: The Determinants Of Moral Development In Curbing Adolescents’ Moral Decay. Surname: Zondo Initials: G. L. Student number: 43097855 Examination period: October/November 2015 1 The Determinants Of Moral Development In Curbing Adolescents’ Moral Decay. Abstract The study explored the determinants of moral development in curbing adolescents’ moral decay. These determinants included identity development, gender, parental (mother) relationship with adolescent, and ethical and moral values. A mixed-model method (both quantitative and qualitative) was used to conduct the study. Participants were sampled through convenience sampling. The sample of a total of 1387 from the pooled data was used for the quantitative part of the research. While for the qualitative study a sample of 20 adolescents (10 boys and 10 girls) who were high-school students (in grade 10 and 11) from 12 to 18 years of age from Gebeni High School in Swaziland was used. The researcher aimed to investigate the extent of determinants of moral development in curbing adolescents’ moral decay and to make recommendations on the development of socialization structures to curb adolescents’ moral decay. Findings revealed that the determinants played a major role in adolescents’ moral development. However, further research is needed to be conducted with a lager sample for the qualitative study. 2 From a scholarly point of view, the interest in moral development among psychologists was inspired by Kohleberg’s...
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...structure and functions of the public health system and sexual activity will be examined. Most importantly the paper will show the human development and behaviors towards sexual activity. Last but not least the public health agencies have to look at the best way to educate and get the delivery of the message out to the public. The paper will show how adolescence behavioral theories can affect the programs. Keywords: sexual activity, risky behavior, public health, structure, functions Sexual activity is a part of like whether you are young, middle age, and old. Sexual activity cannot always be prevented with adolescences, that is why it is important for parents, the communities, and public health to educate the teens. Many teens are not properly knowledgeable about sexual risk behaviors; they are taking by indulging in the activities. Public health administrators local, state, and federal all try to take the proper precautions to educate and help teens understand the importance of being sophisticated about sexual activities. Sometimes it is difficult for the public health administrators to get their information out concerning the risky behaviors of adolescences and sexual activity. In many cases teen’s human development plays a role in the risky behaviors associated with sexual activities. Adolescent’s development is already a difficult process for...
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...Personality Development Adolescence There are many factors that affect the physical, cognitive, social, moral and personality development in an adolescent. Adolescence as defined in the dictionary, is the transitional period between puberty and adulthood in human development extending mainly over the teen years (RHCD, 1980). Adolescence is the time that can bring various changes physical, social and emotional. Adolescence begins with the onset of puberty. This usually occurs during the ages of twelve to twenty years old. Puberty is the period during which the reproductive system matures. This process is characterized by the increase in sex hormones (RHCD, 1980). Heredity and the environment both plays a significant role in the development of various human traits. Genes are determinants of heredity, and each individual carries genes from the mother and father. Characteristics such as height, weight, skin color, eye and hair color are all determined through the balance of genes in the body. Genes are responsible for cognitive and mental processes as well as physical features (ehow.com). Adolescents undergo a wide range of physical changes in a very short time, which is a result of biological and hereditary factors, but environmental influences are also significant. There are rapid height and weight gains, which generally takes place earlier in girls, more body fat is generated in girls where muscles are developed in boys. Changes in hormone levels trigger the development of...
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...and adulthood in human development.” Two different developments occurring during this period are cognitive and emotional developments, both of which can be associated with developmental psychological theories. Cognitive development is one type of development occurring during adolescence, related to the way in which an adolescent thinks. Post-conventional moral reasoning, according to Lawrence Kohlberg, is associated with the cognitive development in adolescence. During this stage, societal rules and conventions move from an authoritative point of view to being seen with relativity and subjectivity. Post-conventional moral reasoning is integral to the development of an adolescent as it marks the realisation of independence in society, the precedence of an individual’s own thought, and the strengthening of one’s own principles of morality and reasoning. This means that a growing sense of independence and subjectivity is established within the adolescent, integral to adulthood later on in life. Emotional development is another type of development taking place throughout adolescence. Sigmund Freud established five (5) stages of emotional development known as the physosexual stages of development. The stage of this development, relevant to adolescence is Freud’s fifth stage, known as the genital stage. During this stage, adolescents focus their sexual urges to people of the other gender, with a substantial focus on the pleasure of the genitals. This stage is essential to emotional...
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...of chronic medical conditions on adolescents has a great significance on the psychological development however the efforts of heath care professionals can promote a healthy psychological development. OUTLINE OF ESSAY :The first part of this essay will be demonstrating the theories and psychological concepts that relate Discuss the impact of chronic medical conditions on adolescents (12-18yo) and identify ways of promoting resilience or positive development (1300 min-1500 max words to the influence of chronic illness upon the adolescent. Following this the exploration of the positive attributes the health practitioner has on the psychological development. FIRST PART: THE INFLUENCE OF ILLNESS ON THE WELLBEING OF THE ADOLESCENT CAN BE EXPLORED THROUGH THEORIES TOPIC SENTENCE: > It is first important to consider that the influence of the chronic illness on the adolescence depends on the severity of the illness. For this essay the chronic illness considered will be of mild-high severity. The onset of the chronic illness will also be considered, this essay will be identifying with early onset. > PIAGETS FORMAL OPERATIONS - Ability to move from "what is" to "might be" and "could be" Piaget identified through the theory of formal operations (cognitive theory) that the adolescent become equip with the ability to think beyond the "Concrete Operational Stage" of development. Within this stage of "Formal Operations" the adolescent can identify the severity of their...
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...Adolescent development Deborah Christie, consultant clinical psychologist Middlesex Adolescent Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London. Russell Viner Copyright and License information ► This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. In the care of adolescent patients, all aspects of clinical medicine are played out against a background of rapid physical, psychological, and social developmental changes. These changes produce specific disease patterns, unusual presentations of symptoms, and above all, unique communication and management challenges. This can make working with adolescents difficult. However, with the right skills, practising medicine with young people can be rewarding and fruitful. These skills are needed by everyone who works with young people in the course of their work. As a young person enters adolescence, their parents are still largely responsible for all aspects of their health. By the end of adolescence, health issues will be almost entirely the responsibility of the young person. The challenge is to maintain an effective clinical relationship while the health responsibilities transfer from the parents to the young person.person. Figure 1 Specialised clinical communication skills are needed to take an accurate history, bearing in mind new life domains not applicable to children (sex and drugs) and adding communication and engagement of the family to the standard adult consultation. Physical examinations of adolescents...
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...Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Group Paper - Middle Childhood and Adolescence Development Social and moral growth fosters peer interaction in a positive climate. A child’s interaction and acceptance with peers rises during middle childhood. During middle age friendship is an important development. Friendship also fulfills needs of middle childhood such as communal, intimacy, companionship, and acceptance. Adolescent egocentrism is an adolescent thinking intensely about him or herself while wondering what others think about them (Berger, 2008). An adolescent will practice new thinking skills on his or herself, which helps with detachment. The adolescent child worries about how other’s perceive them, and thinks about their conflicting interests in school, close friends, family, and about their own future. All of this thinking of self, refection of experiences, and self-awareness is a distinct to adolescence and egocentrism. These changes for the young adolescent often bring rebellion, low motivation, drugs, alcohol, pregnancies, rocky emotions, and peer pressure. Life for the adolescent can be a conflicting demand of tug of war, filling the adolescent life with demands, mixed messages, and forcing a path of reliance on others and independence while creating stress and depression for the inexperienced adolescent to handle. Relationships in middle childhood and adolescence Peer relations are important aspect of human development. During middle childhood, children...
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...Childhood and Adolescence Paper Christina Williams PSY/280 July 13, 2015 R. Adinah Johnson Childhood and Adolescence Paper “Child development does not mean developing your child into the person you think they should be, but helping them develop into the best person they are meant to be” (Sorenson, 2005). Statistics say that in the stages in middle adolescence 30% of the child’s social life and interactions there are a great stage of peer pressure. These results were compared to the 10% that is experienced during the early childhood. They show that they are competent by demonstrating their behaviors in these peer groups. During the elementary years in school, children have to prove to others that they understand and that they are capable of handling the different situations they find themselves in. They must keep a certain criteria in order to have friends. The main concern during these peer groups is to be accepted and most of these concerns are experienced during middle childhood. Researchers have been focusing in the friendship among the children. Friendship is one of the most important parts of the social group between early stages of childhood. Friends fill that special need we have inside and for a child’s development that is one of the most important parts. They fulfill the special needs and they help with communication, interaction, acceptance, companionship and social skills. Peer is more related to the social and popularity status and its acceptance...
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...beginning and the end of this crucial stage of development. However, a consensual factor is that it does not occur earlier than eight years, and it ends not later than 14years. This is the only age after infancy where growth and development can be seen in physical changes. This age may be a difficult one for several people to adjust as it involves several transitions in life. One undergoes the biological transformations as well as the physical changes that typically accompany the emergence of sexuality. For most children, this stage occurs as they are transitioning from elementary to high school. With all these transformations and transitions, it is no doubt that this stage is one of storm and stress especially and may lead to negative motivational and behavioral changes as a result of the psychological cataclysm presumed to be associated with this stage. This stage is marked with an apparent growth spurt as a result of the influx in hormone activities controlling the physical and sexual development. While girls mature faster than boys by about 18 months (Winnie, 2006, p88), there are distinct variations which in turn complicate the social interactions between the two groups, especially in organized programs. The differences in development patterns also create psychological dilemmas especially for those who develop earlier than their peers. One significant aspect that is associated with this stage is the cognitive development that occurs. The adolescents can think more abstractly, as...
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...INTRODUCTION Adolescents in their developmental period undergo tumultuous physical, cognitive and psychosocial milestones, which are subsequently influenced by their environmental interactions with particular focus on the home and school environment, and the conceivable atypical condition of anxiety. The developmental period of adolescence finds children undergoing pivotal biological, social and cognitive changes that transform their bodies and minds from childhood to adulthood (Sigelman and Rider, 2012). This period is characterised by adolescents endeavouring to become independent, self-aware and apart of the adult world. As a result adolescents find themselves engaging in various social relationships, and their role in society dramatically...
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...Aspects of Adolescent egocentrism Development in teen years includes high increase of hormones, brain development that’s imbalanced, sexual maturation (puberty) and most importantly great self awareness. Adolescent egocentrism starts to become more apparent in the tween and teen years. With the increase of hormone production and onset of puberty there is another imbalance to this development, the brain development. The limbic system matures before the pre frontal cortex leaving the imbalance of more emotion and less logical thinking. With an influx of self absorbed thoughts, high awareness of details, and great concern of others opinions, this egocentric stage can possibly cause even more imbalance stress and anxiety in adolescent years. The need to be accepted grows stronger and the invincibility personality starts to take over. Acceptance of peers is important for positive outcome in self assurance and confidence. Teen peer pressure of being involved in a group or “click” of peers and trying to “fit in” can lead to mal-adaptive behaviors, i.e. Drug use, smoking, sex, breaking laws. These mal adaptive behaviors also can be distorted in way of thinking by the invincibility stage. This is also a stage where self body image also becomes so important and concern of someone elses opinion is increased. Body image and sexuality are keys to feeling acceptance, love and nurturing. Invincibility in an adolescents perception are feelins that there is nothing that can harm...
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...FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT’S LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT Reflection “Adolescence is the conjugator of childhood and adulthood” according to Louise J. Kaplan. Adolescence is a period of transition in terms of physical, cognitive and socio-emotional changes. The aspect of individuality in adolescent development is very unique to each individual, but there are some issues which they may have a similarities. There is some changes on how they will interact to the other people which it can affect to their learning and development. There are some factors that influence the learning and development of the high school learners. Family, school, peers, technology or media, and internal factor are some of these. The relationship between the family members is a major factor that influences adolescent’s learning and development. If an adolescent belongs to a family which they usually have conflicts and has poor communication skills, it will have a negative effect on his behavior. He may not be able to focus on his studies; it is hard for him to acquire knowledge when he is depressed because of family problems. Therefore it is very important to have a good relationship between the family members and has an effective parenting which parents nurture, encourage and support (clear and consistent discipline) their children to prevent these negative effects. One of the factors that influence high school students is peers or a group of people having the same age. Peers are said...
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