...knees, some patients report that they find this kind of touch physically comforting” (Krautscheid & O’Lynn, 2011). And, “Instrumental or necessary...
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...appropriate adult in England and Wales Harriet Pierpoint Criminology and Criminal Justice 2006 6: 219 DOI: 10.1177/1748895806062982 The online version of this article can be found at: http://crj.sagepub.com/content/6/2/219 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: British Society of Criminology Additional services and information for Criminology and Criminal Justice can be found at: Email Alerts: http://crj.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://crj.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://crj.sagepub.com/content/6/2/219.refs.html >> Version of Record - Apr 21, 2006 What is This? Downloaded from crj.sagepub.com at Apollo Group - UOP on July 7, 2014 Criminology & Criminal Justice © 2006 SAGE Publications (London, Thousand Oaks & New Delhi) and the British Society of Criminology. www.sagepublications.com ISSN 1748–8958; Vol: 6(2): 219–237 DOI: 10.1177/1748895806062982 Reconstructing the role of the appropriate adult in England and Wales HARRIET PIERPOINT University of Glamorgan, UK Abstract The definition of the role of the ‘appropriate adult’ for young suspects in the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 Code of Practice C is ambiguous and contradictory. This article argues that the role has been socially constructed by the legislator, the courts, young people, the police and appropriate adults themselves. Following...
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...main method in which the elderly take their lives. The next two in line are overdosing and suffocation. White men over the age of 85 are at the greatest risk of all groups. In 1999, the suicide rate for these individuals was 59.6 per 100,000. 84% of all elderly suicides are men. The rate of suicide for women declines after age 60. Although older adults may attempt suicide less often, they have a higher completion rate. Contrary to popular belief, only about 2-4% of suicide victims were diagnosed with terminal illness at the time of their demise. 80% of all elderly victims of suicide have seen a primary care physician within six months of their suicide. Why is it that the suicide rates for older adults are much higher than every other age group? Depression is a key factor for the rates of suicide in the elderly. Depression is most commonly associated with the pain of loss. Suicide rates are definitely higher for those who are divorced or widowed. The suicide rates of older divorced male adults was 3.4 times more than for married men. As for widowed men, the rates are 2.6 times more. It is often the case that old adults who have committed suicide were stricken by at least one psychiatric illness. The most common...
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...Running head: THE FOSTER CARE AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE The Association Between Foster Care and Substance Abuse Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis Sharon H. Stoess Grand Canyon University NRS-433V March 27, 2011 The Association Between Foster Care and Substance Abuse Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis “The child welfare and substance abuse systems are integrally linked through the children and families they serve (Blome, W., Shields, J., & Verdieck, M., 2009). There is a dearth of knowledge, however, on how children who have experienced foster care fare when they are treated for substance abuse issues as adults” (Blome, W., Shields, J., & Verdieck, M., 2009). “In addition, the funds available for in-depth, comprehensive research in child welfare are limited” (Blome, W., Shields, J., & Verdieck, M., 2009). “Data collected for one purpose can potentially be used to answer other questions” (Blome, W., Shields, J., & Verdieck, M., 2009). “Secondary analysis involves the use of data gathered in a previous study to test new hypotheses or address new questions” (Polit & Beck, 2009, p. 295). “The issue, however, is that the original researchers may not have collected all the data needed to answer the current question” (Blome, W., Shields, J., & Verdieck, M., 2009). “This article presents an exploratory study using the Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS) study set” (Blome...
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...long-term memory. For example Baddeley There are huge differences in the duration of information in the short term and long term memory (Peterson & Peterson). (Bahrick et al.)oversimplified. (reductionist) | Outline and evaluate the working memory model (12) | Episodic buffer was added by Baddeley in 2000 | Active process: PET scans Amnesiac case studies Shallice & Warrington (1974) Baddeley (1986) found that patients with damage to their frontal lobe had problems concentrating suggesting damage to the central executive (researcher biased) | Outline and evaluate the cognitive interview (12)Outline and evaluate how a cognitive interview can be used to improve the accuracy of eyewitness testimony (EWT). (12) | Findings concerning the unreliability of eye-witness accounts have led researchers to attempt to devise methods for improving retrieval. One of these methods is the cognitive interview (Fisher and Geiselman, 1992). used by the police...
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...STACEY GARNER-REGIONAL MANAGER:ANJAIL SALIK-ASSISTANT REGIONAL MANAGER 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM MONDAY - FRIDAY. UNUSUSAL SCHEDULES EVERY TWO MONTHS THE WORKER IS ON CALL FOR CLASS I HOTLINES MONDAY - FRIDAY 5PM-1AM AND SATURDAY AND SUNDAY 7AM -1AM DAILY TRAVEL FOR CLASS 2 HOTLINES IN ST. LOUIS COUNTY AND WHEN ON CALL FOR CLASS I HOTLINES TRAVEL CONSIST THE ENTIRE ST. LOUIS AREA,NORTH,SOUTH,CITY COUNTY,JEFFERSON COUNTY EVERYWHERE BUT ACROSS STATE LINES The reporters that call in the hotlines are contacted to verify information and get additional if any. The reported adults, witness, involved persons, agencies, hospital social workers, fire departments employees, apartment leasing managers, social workers of senior buildings, police and building inspectors. Contact is made to collect evidence and complete the investigation. Physical effort includes walking, standing, and inhaling smoke, toxic, urine and feces . When investigating abuse, neglect and...
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...Influence of early attachment relationship on development Introduction: It is understood, through lifespan psychology, that the psychological development of an individual is a process that continues throughout an individual's life, this development consists of both internal and external dynamics. The well theorised theme of attachment forms the basis of this study. Attachment focuses on the formation of early relationships and their influence on later developmental outcomes. The social constructionist perspective explores "how knowledge about sex and gender has been constructed within particular historical and social contexts" (Wood et al 2007) this perspective assumes that the knowledge comes from social contexts and is evidenced predominately by an individual's use of language. This study explores the paradigm of attachment from the social constructionist perspective. The paradigm of attachment is concerned with a "strong, ongoing emotional bond between two people" (Wood et al 2007) and suggests that attachment is fundamental to emotional, social and cognitive progression. Bowlby, an attachment theorist purports that attachment is a survival instinct in infancy, and once established it remains relatively fixed throughout life. Positive attachments created in vertical relationships, that is an "attachment to someone who has greater knowledge or social power - a typical example is a child's relationship with a parent or a teacher" (Wood et al 2007) forms a secure foundation...
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...and falseness, a perception that cannot be reciprocated by a typical woman. She continues by suggesting that the depictions of women in the media is poisonous and highlights just how bad the impact of the media is, that it is comparable to poison and is harming not only women but young girls who view these advertisements as well. Heldman also demonstrates the direct effects the “poison” has, she mentions that self-objectification leads to eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. These disorders stand out from the essay because they discuss a serious disease that could affect young girls and women. Heldman then focuses on the young girl aspect of the problem when she mentions the American Psychologists Association investigative report. The report found that girls as young as seven years old were learning to objectify themselves after watching advertisements and across other medium. Heldman states, “Teaching them to think of themselves as sex objects before their own sexual maturity.” The statement brings in another issue of some form of pedophilia; a form that can objectify little girls and make them out to be sexual objects...
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...and repeated falls often indicate a change in an older person's functional ability. The prevention of falls in the older population is the most important area in clinical practice which reduces fall associated mortality and morbidity. Fear of falling is commonly identified although poorly defined phenomena among older people (close, 2005). Approximately one third of adults over 65 years of age fall each year. Many will have some psychological consequences after a fall. A frequently expressed psychological factor is loss of confidence in self functioning. This may lead to physical deconditioning, depression, isolation from the society and a low quality of life. Low fall-related efficacy is associated with the number and severity of future falls in older adults with balance disorders (Bishop 2010). A critique of the qualitative study. The importance of identity in falls prevention is a qualitative study where author clearly offers a picture of the occurrence of falls, its prevention and the interventions in older adults who lives in our community. Each individual dreams to have a community where older adults can live to their maximum functional ability. In today's health care system, there are established interventions that can reduce the falls and help the older people to live a longer and better quality of life. This can be achieved by educating them with home environment modification, community based safety programmes, providing information about different services available...
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... CARING FOR THE DISABLED PATIENT 2 Millions people in the world live with some type of disability, and nearly 20% of adults in the U.S. are living with physical or mental disability.The oxford dictionary disability describes a disability as a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. It can divided into physical or cognitive disability and then divided even further. A study conducted by Dinsmore allowed patients to reveal their concerns about their hospital care. As a result of this survey, a focused piece of research was commissioned to assess the levels of service being delivered to hospital patients with learning disabilities.Hahn conducted a study with advanced practice nurses and the interventions they use for older adults for preventive intervention model for adults aging with developmental disabilities. Healthcare organizations are expected to meet the needs of this diverse population and sensitive to patients with healthbased challenges and disabilities (Hahn 2014) . In the study conducted by Dinsmore and Higgins, the group for the study was recruited from a charity organization for people with disabilities. They wanted to help the conductors of the study with the project. The participants interviewed had to have a disability and had to have some type of experience being in a hospital setting.Thirteen interviews with this group were conducted and members of these people’s families were also interviewed and t...
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...A GEM of a Study Abstract: The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Entrepreneurial Assessment, a joint project of The Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership at Babson College (now Arthur M. Blank Center for Entrepreneurship) and The London Business School, has undertaken a long-term, large-scale project to prove the causal links between a government's economic policies and initiatives, the resulting entrepreneurial activity and subsequent economic growth. This case describes multiple-stage research, including thousands of interviews in several countries by established research firms. URLs: www.london.edu www3.babson.edu/eship/aboutblank/ How/When to Use This case deals with the concept of causal studies vs. descriptive studies and what needs to be included in the research design of each study type. It also deals with what constitutes control in research design; in this context it is best used with chapters 6-9. This is also a great case to use to discuss constructs vs. concepts (Chapter 3), as Exhibit C-GEM-1.1 clearly has struggled with defining numerous constructs and multiple-measurement variables and, therefore, could be used to further explore text Exhibit 3-1. The case also mentions the use of standardized data; in this context you could use the case to explore how "standardized" data from different countries really is and where the student seeks such country-specific data. Discussion Questions: 1. What are the independent and dependent variables in this...
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...Life Stages Interviews and Reports Everyone perspectives on lifestyle changes in all phases of adulthood have changed drastically over the years. Different choices, influences, and situations play a part in adult’s choices that they make throughout his or her young early, middle, and late adulthood years. Team A has conducted three interviews that focus on each stage of adulthood. The interview will cover some of the biological factors, cognitive factors, psychosocial factors, and cultural factors that influence the interviewees. All of the issues help to explain many of the lifestyle changes that adults make over the years. Young Adulthood The first interview conducted focused on the early stage of adulthood. A young woman age 25 by the name of Kelsey was asked a series of questions to help us gain some insight on her stage of development and allow her responses to be analyzed. I began with questions regarding her physical stage of development. I asked Kelsey how she feels about her physical state and what she does to take care of herself. Her response explained that she believes that she is in pretty good health although she does not have to do too much to stay that way. She reported that she eats fast- food a few times a week due to her busy schedule, but she does make time to exercise at least three times a week. She is a college student at the local college and she is also working part-time. I asked if there are any apparent differences between your previous physical...
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...Life Stages Interviews and Reports Unexpected Loneliness: Bobbi Hoskins Loneliness is a common issue in any stage of life, however the elderly are more susceptible to it for several reasons; the sudden loss of a spouse, retirement, moving to a new location, and health problems. Loneliness is defined as an unbearable feeling of separateness (Mind infoline, 2012). Loneliness can cause feelings of anxiety, depression, being unloved, and insecurity. There are three basic degrees of loneliness which are, circumstantial, developmental, and internal. Circumstantial loneliness is caused from retiring, moving, losing a loved one; the list goes on and on. Some people retire and they want to be on their own, this is the case for Bonnie. She has always considered herself a loner and she is happy being by herself for several reasons. She likes her freedom, she does not like people telling her what to do, and she does not agree with how some people handle getting old. “They do not like to do stuff.. they just sit on their butts and wait to die.(Appendix B)” These are the people that loneliness takes a hold of and they just want to die, because they feel there is nothing left to do. Developmental loneliness is caused from being in a state of constant despair, and not fully being active in daily affairs. Some people develop loneliness because they do not have anything better to do. As long as the person is doing something they stand a better chance of not getting lonely. In some assisted...
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...and coded – these categories were outlined in the tables at the end of the article and can be reviewed on the pain management nursing website. The results abled the researchers to inductively generate hypotheses which result in a grounded theory: “owing to the subjective nature of the pain experience, children’s self-reports should be the most reliable source of the methods used in the management of their pain” (Kortesluoma, Nikkonen, & Serlo, 2008, p. 147-148). There is a scarcity of research on children’s perception of pain and their expectation of pain management when in a hospital setting. Previous studies focused on methods used by health care providers and parents in alleviating children’s pain. This study’s purpose is to “describe the interventions young children use themselves and their expectations of other’s help, when managing the pain experienced during hospitalization” (Kortesluoma, et al., 2008, p. 144). Gained knowledge provides quality ‘child-centered’ pain management to hospitalized children by health care providers. The data collected provides insight to understanding children’s pain and identifies interventions that children report useful in managing pain during hospitalization....
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...LEGACY OF DIVORCE Report of a 25-Year Study Judith S. Wallerstein, PhD Judith Wallerstein Center for the Family in Transition and University of California, Berkeley Julia M. Lewis, PhD San Francisco State University This follow-up study of 131 children, who were 3–18 years old when their parents divorced in the early 1970s, marks the culmination of 25 years of research. The use of extensive clinical interviews allowed for exploration in great depth of their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors as they negotiated childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. At the 25-year follow-up, a comparison group of their peers from the same community was added. Described in rich clinical detail, the findings highlight the unexpected gulf between growing up in intact versus divorced families, and the difficulties children of divorce encounter in achieving love, sexual intimacy, and commitment to marriage and parenthood. These findings have significant implications for new clinical and educational interventions. The study we report here begins with the first no-fault divorce legislation in the nation and tracks a group of 131 California children whose parents divorced in the early 1970s. They were seen at regular intervals over the 25-year span that followed. When we first met our young participants, they were between ages 3 and 18; by the mid- to late 1990s, when our study ended, they were 28–43 years old. They were the vanguard of an army of adults raised in divorced...
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