...Anika Her 10/18/15 ENG 5 Guerin The Ballot or the Bullet Speech Analysis Malcolm X gave his speech by persuading African Americans to inundate their differences, only to learn that they all had the same issue: “political oppression, economic exploitation, and social degradation at the hands of the white man.” Noting that 1964 was the year of the elections, he asked his audience to choose whether they wanted to merge with white communities as one to receive equal rights along with voting for who will sit in the White House and who will sit in the dog house, or to stand up through the years of injustice they have received. He then warns them by declaring that it will end up in a situation where bullets will take place instead of not putting in a ballot. While delivering his speech, it is seen that he attempts to reunite all African-Americans by using rhetoric. Malcolm also mentions that every human should be treated equally and given equal rights no matter what race you were. In addition, he also impersonated these issues into his perspective for his audience and to hopefully persuade them as well by providing characteristic uses of both language and imagery. Then, he reveals how democrats are deceivers and portrays that as long as the Americans had control of both the Senate and House, the African-Americans will never gain a helping hand from them. His describes himself through a quote by stating that he was not an anti-democrat or an anti-republican. All he wanted was...
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...Identify and discuss the key features of both Functionalist and Marxist theories. [25 Marks] Functionalist and Marxist are macro sociological theories that give a better understanding of the society. Functionalist theory is referred to as the consensus whilst the Marxist theory is known as the conflict theory. Key features of both theories are going to be identified and discussed. According to Haralambos and Holborn (2008), a theory is a set of ideas which attempts to explain how something works. Functionalism is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology which explains how social order is possible or how society remains relatively stable. Marxism is a theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of coercion and power in producing social order and is derived from the works of Karl Max. Functionalism has its origins in the works of Durkheim, E who was especially interested in how social order is possible or how society remains relatively stable. Functionalist theory has got its main features and other theories have different views towards it. Value consensus is one of the key features of functionalist theory. Value consensus forms the fundamental integrating principle in society. The functionalist subscribes that the majority of the people in a community share common goals and only a few deviants oppose. This is supported by Haralambos and Holborn (2008) that if members of society are committed to the same values, they will tend to share a common...
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...Men and Public Space”, is a tremendous example of the systemic wariness that people of African-American descent must possess in their everyday lives. There are a plethora of stereotypes regarding African-American males that are detrimental to their societal image. Typically when one hears the word “stereotype” it is merely in reference to a harmless anecdote that is used as a source of comedic expression. However, for black males, these attributions of humor could be the subconscious beliefs that fuel their demise. A very large question is left to ponder; why do these stereotypes exist? Delving deep into research and statistical analysis there is one prominent factor: the false identity of African-Americans...
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...Identify and discuss the key features of both Functionalist and Marxist theories. [25 Marks] Functionalist and Marxist are macro sociological theories that give a better understanding of the society. Functionalist theory is referred to as the consensus whilst the Marxist theory is known as the conflict theory. Key features of both theories are going to be identified and discussed. According to Haralambos and Holborn (2008), a theory is a set of ideas which attempts to explain how something works. Functionalism is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology which explains how social order is possible or how society remains relatively stable. Marxism is a theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role of coercion and power in producing social order and is derived from the works of Karl Max. Functionalism has its origins in the works of Durkheim, E who was especially interested in how social order is possible or how society remains relatively stable. Functionalist theory has got its main features and other theories have different views towards it. Value consensus is one of the key features of functionalist theory. Value consensus forms the fundamental integrating principle in society. The functionalist subscribes that the majority of the people in a community share common goals and only a few deviants oppose. This is supported by Haralambos and Holborn (2008) that if members of society are committed to the same values, they will tend to share a common...
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...Article Analysis 1 Shaina Simmons Wayne State University The article that I choose to read, “Racial and ethnic perceptions of injustice: Testing the for hypotheses of comparative conflict theory” is a study done by Kevin Buckler and James D. Unnever. Buckler and Unnever (2008) used comparative conflict theory to explain racial and ethnic variation in perceptions of injustice. They looked at the comparative conflict theory that Hagan, Shedd, and Payne (2005) proposed that “White respondents perceive considerably less injustice than both Africa Americans and Hispanics and that African American perceive less injustice than Hispanics.” Another one of their hypothesis was that “prior criminal justice experiences serve as a “tipping point” for Hispanics in the Hispanics with prior negative criminal justice contacts will perceive more injustice than African Americans with similar prior negative experiences” (Hagan,Shedd,& Payne, 2005). Buckler and Unnever took these three hypothesis and tested them trying to find support for the claims on racial-ethnic divide and racial-gradient hypothesis. They did not however test the differential sensitivity hypothesis. They first assessed the racial-ethnic divide and the racial-ethnic gradient hypothesis by examining whether African Americans and Hispanics perceive more injustice than Whites while controlling for the other covariates. They asked respondents “two questions about minority treatment by police and...
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...Examination of Two African American Artists Name Title Unit Code Introduction Artist refers to broad spectrum wide ranging word that covers activities related to creative art, demonstrating art, and practicing art. Artistic works by the African American artists have played a great role in revolutionizing the scene of the American culture displayed to the outside world. Becoming an artist is an intensive process requiring talent and social recognition through provision of social support. In the early ages, artists in America were selected basing on their race. However, the beginning of the 19th century saw the establishment of Negro movement that advocated for social recognition of the black artists in America. This provided the artists with a platform for expressing their talents through music, writings, and visual artworks on issues related to social, political, and economic conditions facing the blacks in America. Therefore, this research paper will examine the life history of two famous African American artists in history. The analysis will consider their early lives, education backgrounds and their contributions that led to their social recognition. The research will end with the comparison of the two personalities and come up with a conclusion. The two personalities examined in the research paper are Henry Ossawa Tanner, and Romare Bearden. Romare Bearden’s Early Life Romare Bearden is one of the African American artist and writer...
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...Hate Crime Analysis Bonule Johnson AJS/514 Professor: Reyes 7/25/16 For this hate crime analysis paper I choose the group of African Americans because of the fact that they are being targeted in social media for police brutality crimes. Hate Crimes resemble messages to individuals from a specific gathering that they are unwelcome in a specific neighborhood, group, school, or work environment. Detest hate crimes are criminal offenses, normally including viciousness, terrorizing or vandalism, in which the casualty is focused on account of race, sexual introduction, religion, ethnicity, sex or political alliance. Detest wrongdoings can happen at home, at school, at spots of love, at work, in the city - for all intents and purposes anyplace. There have been some cases that have been committed during the time that our president Barack Obama won his presidency. “On Election Night 2008, Ralph Nicoletti and Michael Contreras, both 18, and Brian Carranza, 21, of Staten Island, New York decided shortly after learning of Barack Obama's election victory "to find African Americans to assault," according to a federal indictment and other court filings. The men then drove to a predominantly African-American neighborhood in Staten Island, where they came upon a 17 year-old African American who was walking home after watching the election at a friend's house. One of the defendants yelled "Obama!" Then, the men got out of the car and beat the youth with a metal pipe and a collapsible police...
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...Examination of Two African American Artists Name Title Unit Code Introduction Artist refers to broad spectrum wide ranging word that covers activities related to creative art, demonstrating art, and practicing art. Artistic works by the African American artists have played a great role in revolutionizing the scene of the American culture displayed to the outside world. Becoming an artist is an intensive process requiring talent and social recognition through provision of social support. In the early ages, artists in America were selected basing on their race. However, the beginning of the 19th century saw the establishment of Negro movement that advocated for social recognition of the black artists in America. This provided the artists with a platform for expressing their talents through music, writings, and visual artworks on issues related to social, political, and economic conditions facing the blacks in America. Therefore, this research paper will examine the life history of two famous African American artists in history. The analysis will consider their early lives, education backgrounds and their contributions that led to their social recognition. The research will end with the comparison of the two personalities and come up with a conclusion. The two personalities examined in the research paper are Henry Ossawa Tanner, and Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey is one of the most renowned actress, African American Television host...
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...History always requires us to place things in their context and to avoid judging the past through the eyes of the present. But this is not true and it’s actually the opposite looking at the ideological forces that have shaped North (First World) and South (Third World) countries relations for half a century. In this essay one will be looking at the question of to what extend can the process of colonialism be blamed for the problems being experienced by developing countries today? Also matters pertaining to African migration, the spread of Islam, gold and slaves will be included in this essay as they are central to the process of colonialism. Towards the end of the last century, with a long history already behind it European colonization branched out in quite different forms according to the place and the interests of the metropolis. According to Thirlwell (1994:60) it was “a transitional period in which brutal power relations existed alongside paternalist feelings of responsibility towards natives who needed to be civilised” thus, great powers put the then dominant ideas into practice opening up the way to the so called “development” (Thirlwell, 1994). According to Rist (1997:100) “colonialism is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to another”. The term colony comes from the Latin word colonus, meaning farmer. Thus, one believes that this root reminds us that the practice of colonialism usually involved the transfer of population to a new...
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...THE AFRICAN PRINCE Justifying African State Leaders’ Decisions Through Machiavellian Realism Safir Jamal Copyright 2008 – All Rights Reserved THE AFRICAN PRINCE Safir Jamal Ambrose Bierce defined politics as “the conduct of public affairs for private advantage” (Jansson 468). When this nineteenth century American journalist expressed such a sardonic view about the art of governance, he alluded to the inseparability of politics and self-interest. This inseparability forms the foundation of classical realism, a prominent international relations theory that attests that human nature is self-serving, sinful and wicked. Such traits ultimately help to explain why all actors endeavour to satisfy their individual intentions (Sens 14). While principles of self-interest are central to the classical realist theory, it is the importance of power that has become widely synonymous with the realist perspective. Defined as the ability to make other actors do what they would not otherwise do, the pursuit of power is an instinctive desire of all individuals (Singer 81). One individual in particular, Niccolo Machiavelli, had arguably the most profound understanding in history of the importance of power (Kuper 1). In his acclaimed treatise The Prince, Machiavelli, a 15th century Florentine diplomat, advised state leaders – or princes – on effective approaches to statecraft. As an extension of classical realism, Machiavellian views have proven to be timeless and universal, as they have...
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...pot for all ethnicities; it is historically famous for Ellis Island and for being known as the gateway port to America. However, there is a group not counted for in the U.S. Census Bureau number which is undocumented immigrants. According to Passel’s analysis of 2000 to 2006 data, there are 374,000 undocumented workers in New York City, making up 10 percent of...
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...The Thirteenth Amendment put an end to slavery, the Fourteenth Amendment ensured that every American citizen, without regard to race, was protected equally under the law and could have the right to vote, and the Fifteenth Amendment prohibited the government from denying a citizen to vote “... on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” Later on in their lives, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton along with other women would try to vote more than 150 times in ten states to test the limits of the Fourteenth Amendment. Anthony tried hard especially; in the presidential election of 1872, she tried to vote and was fined $100 of which she never...
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...There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues萎靡的蓝调, Langston Hughes had broken with打破 two well-established确立已久的 traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed规定 that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration融合, and that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery 掌握of Western European literary techniques and styles. Necessarily excluded 排除by this decree规定, linguistically and thematically, was the vast amount of secular 长期的folk material in the oral tradition that had been created by Black people in the years of slavery and after. It might be pointed out that even the spirituals 圣歌or “sorrow悲痛的 songs” of the slaves—as distinct from their secular songs and stories—had been Europeanized to make them acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War. In 1862 northern White writers had commented favorably on the unique and provocative激励人心的 melodies of these “sorrow songs” when they first heard them sung by slaves in the Carolina sea islands. But by 1916, ten years before the publication of The Weary Blues, Hurry T. Burleigh, the Black baritone男中音 soloist独唱歌手 at New York’s ultrafashionable非常流行的 Saint George’s Episcopal 主教的Church圣公会, had published Jubilee大赦年 Songs of the United States, with every spiritual圣歌 arranged 编排so that a concert singer could sing it “in the manner 方式of an art song.” Clearly, the artistic...
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...into metaphors after a careful reading of the novel. The findings show that the following metaphors would be correct if based on the novel’s analysis: Colonialism was a devil. Capitalism is a devil. Imperialism is a devil. Neocolonialism is a devil. Independence was a cross. Communism is a cross. Unity is a cross. But the title of Ngugi’s novel ‘Devil on the Cross’ draws attention to itself and raises some queries whether the devil he is talking about : is on the cross; was on the cross; has been put on the cross; or should be put on the cross. The opening of the book, however, unfolds this initial ambiguity by specifying that the devil should be put on the cross by the oppressed class: thus my interest in the topic because the title appears as an invitation to crucify the devil and this justifies the title of the paper, Devil on the Cross: Ngugi’s Marxist Invitation. Still, after agreeing that the title is an invitation, there is need to know who is/are invited to crucify the devil and how they should proceed to crucify him. The analysis in the whole paper seeks to give satisfactory answers to any of these queries. This paper uses the Marxist approach due to the class conflict and the reinforcement of class distinction portrayed in the novel. The Marxist theory uses traditional techniques of literary analysis, but subordinates aesthetic concerns to the final social and political meanings of literature. It...
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...“full athletic scholarships” do not provide a “free” education (as it does not cover all costs incurred from matriculation to graduation. In many cases, the university does not live up to its end of the bargain of providing an education; as evidenced by the dismal number in the graduation rates, especially among African Americans. Furthermore, the athletic scholarship is only a one-year (renewable) agreement that can be terminated by the coach or university in any given year for any reason. In debating the pay-for-play issue in college athletics, the history of the governing body (i.e., currently the NCAA), their mission and view of amateurism, the past history of college athletes benefitting financially, and the degree to which athletes benefit from the university experience must all be examined. The counter point section of this paper addresses each point made by my colleague. Using the Eitzen (12) analogy comparing the NCAA and big-time athletic programs to the old southern plantation system will be the underpinning wellspring for the subject of athlete exploitation and the financial benefits enjoyed by the university derived from that plantation-like exploitation. An economic viewpoint will be presented to demonstrate the cartel-like atmosphere held by the NCAA while maintaining the illusion of amateurism. Finally, five proposals that outline means to promote pay-for-play in NCAA Division I football and men’s basketball...
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