...INTRODUCTION A number of African American women are succeeding on the long road to career advancement and leadership positions. Nevertheless, racism and sexism still hinder their efforts for career advancement and leadership positions. Black women are facing an intense combination of discrimination in American institutions. Because we live in a white male-dominated society, it is easy to underestimate African American women’s leadership potential and abilities. African American women are looked at as inferior beings, rather than as equals capable of accomplishing any and everything a man can. The purpose of this research will be to investigate how education influences career advancement and leadership positions of African American...
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...Throughout history, African American women have struggled with accepting the hair that grows from our very own scalp. But why? Why don’t African American women embrace their natural curls? I identify with this topic because at one point I did not believe my natural hair was beautiful, instead I desired for my tresses to be long and straight. This misconception that I had learned from those around me led me to getting a relaxer until I finally realized I did not need to have straight hair to be beautiful and the same for other African American women. I know that since our childhood years we have been influenced to believe that long, straight, and silky hair was beautiful and that if our hair wasn’t straight or naturally curly ,it was “nappy”. I also know that there is a notion that to have “good hair” is to have loose curls or wavy hair and “bad hair” is considered as coarse, less defined curls that are often called naps. At a young age, we are accustomed to sitting between our mother’s knees while she combs out every “nap” until it is semi straight and easier to braid or twist. As we got older, we would go to the same salon as our mothers to get our hair “hot combed” until we are old enough to get a texturizer and then a relaxer by the time we are in our mid-teens. Although, the...
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...African American's Journey Essay Below is a free essay on "African American's Journey" from Anti Essays, your source for free research papers, essays, and term paper examples. “African American’s Journey to Freedom” Charity Johnson HIS204: American History since 1865 Instructor: Leslie Ruff February 11, 2013 “African American’s Journey to Freedom” To some African Americans it may seem ironic that The United States of America is known as “the land of the free” considering that majority of their ancestors entered the US as slaves. African Americans were brought to North America via the middle passage which originated during the fifteenth century. They were enslaved for approximately 400 hundred years until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Although African Americans were enslaved in America, they were determine to survive and one day be freed in this great country. During The African American’s journey to freedom several significant events took place which was inclusive of but not limited to: The Civil Rights Movement of 1865-1877, Separate but Equal Legislation (Plessy vs. Ferguson court case) in 1896, The Harlem Renaissance of 1920, Brown vs. Board of Education in 1954, The March on Washington Movement of 1963, and The Black Power Movement of the late 1960s and 1970. I will discuss the significance of these events in relation to the African American journey to freedom and how they have help shape American society today. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT OF 1865-1877 Frequently when...
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...Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper Nancy Estrada NURS440 April 7, 2014 Mr. Steadman McPeters, MSN, CPNP-AC, RN * * * Vulnerable Population and Self-Awareness Paper I would like to introduce Yvonne Johnson. She is a 35-year-old African American woman raising15-year-old son Randall by herself. The father helps occasionally with child support, but it is Ms. Johnson who has primary custody of her son. Ms. Johnson works as an administrative assistant, however, she has a degree in marketing. Her job is stressful and although she has asked her boss to hire someone to help her, he has not done so. Ms. Johnson is unhappy with her job as she is clearly overqualified. She has not been able to find a job in marketing and does not want to move out of the area to look for employment because she’s lived there all her life and her family is there. Ms. Johnson’s family situation is not an uncommon one. According to Jacobson (2003), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention stated in a report that came in out in August, 2012, that approximately 67% of the African American homes in America children are being raised by the mothers. It is also suggested in "Incarceration Rate For African-Americans Now Six Times The National Average" (2013), that there are more African American males who are either uneducated or spend time in jail and therefore, this leaves the women little selection for a marriage partner. According to Culvert (2007) this same...
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...“Down Low”: Homosexuals in the African American Community: Why is it a Taboo Topic? Danielle Carter Senior Seminar HSU 498 Professor Hogan March 25, 2010 Abstract The phenomenon known as the “Down Low” among African American Men who have sex with Men has caused much concern among black community leaders, the general population, and not to mention HIV/AIDS researchers. There are questions which are not being addressed regarding communication patterns of stigmatized groups specifically the “Down Low” group. Why is there little research about the “Down Low”, when there is more than half AAMSM in this world? This paper will explain why so many African American men are on the “Down Low,” why there is a lack of communication when it comes to speaking about the “Down Low. This paper will also help Human Service workers learn how to help AAMSM and their families. “Down Low”: Homosexuals in the African American Community A Review of the Literature Today, while there are men who are openly gay, it seems that the majority of those having sex with men still lead secret lives, products of a black culture that deems masculinity and fatherhood as a black man's primary responsibility (Roscoe, 2008). The “Down Low” culture has grown in recent years out of the shadows and developed its own contemporary institutions for those who know where to look for example...
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...Wages: Is There Really a Gender Pay Gap Abstract The wages used in the following research paper were taken from a population of 100 workers and divided by 12 descriptive statistics. The purpose of this research is to determine if there really is a gender gap with wages. The following descriptive statistics were used: wage, industry, occupation, education, location (from the south or not from the south), non-white, Hispanic, female, ex-military, marital status, age and Union. This research paper will include the problem statement, research question, hypothesis, definitions, presentation of data, conclusion, implication, recommendations and reference page. This research paper is composed from peer reviewed journals and references are available on the last page of this research paper. Wages – Is there really a Gender Pay Gap Introduction Is the United States work force still facing the issue of gender pay gap? According to The American Association of University Women (AAUW) it’s real, it’s persistent, and it’s undermining the economic security of American families. This research paper will define that there is indeed a pay gap between men and women working full time in the United States. (Linda D. Hallman, CAE AAUW Executive Director, 2012) Problem Statement The American Association of University Women (AAUW) has been on the front lines of the fight for pay equity since 1913. AAUW members were in the Oval Office when President...
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...African American Women Under Slavery This paper discusses the experiences of African American Women under slavery during the Slave Trade, their exploitation, the secrecy, the variety of tasks and positions of slave women, slave and ex-slave narratives, and significant contributions to history. Also, this paper presents the hardships African American women faced and the challenges they overcame to become equal with men in today’s society. Slavery was a destructive experience for African Americans especially women. Black women suffered doubly during the slave era. Slave Trade For most women who endured it, the experience of the Slave Trade was one of being outnumbered by men. Roughly one African woman was carried across the Atlantic for every two men. The captains of slave ships were usually instructed to buy as high a proportion of men as they could, because men could be sold for more in the Americas. Women thus arrived in the American colonies as a minority. For some reason, women did not stay a minority. Slave records found that most plantations, even during the period of the slave trade, there were relatively equal numbers of men and women. Slaveholders showed little interest in women as mothers. Their willingness to pay more for men than women, despite the fact than children born to enslaved women would also be the slaveowners’ property and would thus increase their wealth. Women who did have children, therefore, always struggled with the impossible conflict...
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...The question is “Who are the notable African Americans who have earned Ph.D.s in mathematics?” Would researching the answer be significant? Is it important in the science of mathematics to investigate whether five Ph.D.s awarded to five African Americans between 1925 and 2000 imparts enough impact to the field to fill the gap in the canon of mathematics and history? My intention with this paper is to offer the reader the opportunity to consider the field of mathematics in which five individuals have made and are making contributions, while at the same time suggesting that their path to their achievements were unusual. The first section of this paper is a summary of these five. The second section is concise and provides an overview of how many math Ph.D.s, were awarded to African Americans during that same period. The next two sections examine the contributions and mathematical achievements in general and the barriers and psychology that perhaps has created a dismal increase in underrepresented populations entering the field. The final section highlights the importance and implication of stagnate educational pipelines. In addition, I would like to stretch the mind to consider educational practices, as we know them now and to urge the reader to, bear in mind that in the 21st century, we need the talents, contributions and resources of all citizens in United States. A Summary of Five Ph.D.s in Math from 1925 to 2000 While there are numerous achievements by minorities...
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...Women in Psychology Paper Johnny Williams PSY310 January 9, 2012 Lillian Fillpot Women in Psychology Paper A conversation of women in psychology can only be conducted with discussion of the many women who have contributed much of their lives to education as well as educating others with the knowledge that they have learned. This paper will define Inez Beverly Prosser, PhD, a woman who has made significant contributions to the field of psychology between the years 1850 and 1950. This paper will also cover and describe her background, theoretical perspective, and contributions to psychology. Inez Beverly Prosser was born on December 30th approximately 1895 within Texas; no one is for certain of her exact birth date all that is known is stated. Out of eleven brothers and sisters Inez was the first daughter to her parents. Her father, Samuel Andrew Beverly, always seem to find work as an attendant no matter where they moved to. Her mother, Veola Hamilton, stayed and turned their house into a beautiful home. The family continued to move when the children were little, first in 1900 to Yoakum in the south of Texas and in 1907 to Corpus Christi. Prosser and her oldest brother, Leon, came back to Yoakum to attend the high school. After finishing at the top of her class in 1910, Prosser enrolled at Prairie View State Normal and Industrial College to be found 45 miles northwest of Houston. In 1912, she graduated from College with a two year degree, and was now...
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...Crockrell-Caldwell Prof. Margaret Griesse T SOC 455: Sociology of Gender 8 December 2014 Domestic Violence in the Lives of Black Women in the U.S. This essay will explore the cause and impact of domestic violence in the lives of black women in the U.S. It will provide general information, such as the definition of domestic violence, statistics, and resources to help survivors leave domestic violence relationships. Following the review of the literature I identify areas which need further research. Since I can remember black women have been characterized as mean and argumentative, but also strong and self-sacrificing for their families. Black families on TV were always portrayed as single mother households. In my community there was also a reoccurring reality of domestic violence against women. This was is in direct contrast to stereotypes I heard about white women, who were portrayed as weak, frail and needing to be protected. Examples include June Cleaver on Leave it to Beaver and the Brady Bunch. But what justified the brutality of domestic violence against black women then and now? In 2011, black females were murdered at a rate more than two and a half times higher than white females: 2.61 per 100,000 versus 0.99 per 100,000. [1] In the U.S. domestic violence against black women has escalated. In 2010, Marissa Alexander an African American woman shot a warning shot at the wall in order to scare Rico Gray, her estranged, abusive husband. Marissa was a 29-year-old...
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...Running head: Educational Psychology Inez Beverly Prosser: Educational Psychology Cheyenne Williams Edward Waters College Abstract This paper will attempt to explore the background of Inez Beverly Prosser, her contributions and theoretical perspective in the field of modern psychology. Inez Beverly Prosser was arguably the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology. She completed her dissertation in 1933, which examined personality differences in black children attending either voluntarily segregated or integrated schools. Inez Beverly Prosser: Educational psychology Inez Beverly Prosser, PhD, was born into a family of 11 children in the 19th century. Her year of birth is unknown, their father Samuel Andrew Beverly, worked as a waiter and her mother, Veola Hamilton, worked as a homemaker. The family moved throughout cities in Texas. Prosser grew up in south central Texas where she attended “colored schools” and developed a passion for education and the value it holds for changing lives. The family planned to send her older brother Leon to college, however they could only afford to send one of their children. Leon convinced his parents to pay for Prosser instead of him because he believed her passion for education was greater and later it proved to be a good investment. She contributed advice and money to help five of her sibling’s graduate college. Inez Prosser attended college at Prairie View A&M, a historically black college near...
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...HIV/AIDS in the Deep South Melony C. Haynes Baptist College of Health Sciences Abstract This paper examined HIV/AIDS in the Southern Region specifically the Deep South. Fundamental Causes and Proximate Factors were examined to explain and understand the high cases of HIV/AIDS in the Deep South. Poverty, lack of access to health care, lack of education, and prison policies were the reasons examined to explain the high cases of HIV/AIDS in the south. Populations at higher risk and why they are at higher risk were examined. These populations were: drug users, prisoners, African Americans, and women who experience domestic violence. HIV/AIDS in the Deep South HIV/AIDS at one time was considered a death sentence. There was not much information about the disease, much less a cure for the disease. However, there have been many strides made over the years. More money, time, and resources have been provided for the research of the virus. The research has identified how the virus is contracted and spread, as well as how it affects an individual’s body. The research also identified prevention methods and the medication that can be taken to treat the disease. Since the first cases of the disease in the late seventies to current day, the life expectancies of individuals are improving. For example Irvin “Magic” Johnson a famous ex-basketball player announced twenty years ago he was HIV positive. Very few people expected him to live this long because at that time the...
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...their compatibility and complementation to one another. Dating has always been perceived in a linear path one pursues with the end goal being marriage or at least an intimate long-term relationship. The concept of dating has so many various practices and protocols that this research paper will focus mainly on dating rituals within the United States. In the United States dating is generally the foundation that will ultimately lead to engagement, which will eventually become marriage. Typically two people will test or try out a relationship by going out together to various places and doing different things together depending upon interests and preferences. The time spent together determines whether the pair will continue to see each other and further establish their relationship or end things and date someone else with whom they might feel a stronger connection. This research intends to question the differences in the practices of dating between gender, race and socioeconomic status and why these differences persist. Is it just the societal norms that further reinforce these practices or is it because of other factors, which tie in to gender roles, cultural values, or social class status. Throughout the research there were similar ideas of social norms that are accepted when one is dating. The most common ones appeared to be gift giving, meeting each other’s family, dressing up and going out, and labeling the relationship when asked. These are all considered important moments that...
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...Running head: Educational Psychology Inez Beverly Prosser: Educational Psychology Cheyenne Williams Edward Waters College Abstract This paper will attempt to explore the background of Inez Beverly Prosser, her contributions and theoretical perspective in the field of modern psychology. Inez Beverly Prosser was arguably the first African American woman to earn a doctorate in psychology. She completed her dissertation in 1933, which examined personality differences in black children attending either voluntarily segregated or integrated schools. Inez Beverly Prosser: Educational psychology Inez Beverly Prosser, PhD, was born into a family of 11 children in the 19th century. Her year of birth is unknown, their father Samuel Andrew Beverly, worked as a waiter and her mother, Veola Hamilton, worked as a homemaker. The family moved throughout cities in Texas. Prosser grew up in south central Texas where she attended “colored schools” and developed a passion for education and the value it holds for changing lives. The family planned to send her older brother Leon to college, however they could only afford to send one of their children. Leon convinced his parents to pay for Prosser instead of him because he believed her passion for education was greater and later it proved to be a good investment. She contributed advice and money to help five of her sibling’s graduate college. Inez Prosser attended college at Prairie View...
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...Running head: TARGETING BREAST CANCER AMONG AFRICAN AMERICAN Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Background…………………………………………..……………………………………………4 Preparing and Adapting to the Field..……………………………………………………………..5 Medical Anthropology Fieldwork Methodology...………………………………………………..6 Ethnographic Fieldwork Data Analysis …………………………………………………………..9 Reflective Comments/ Conclusion……………………………………………………….…….....9 References………………………………………………………………………………………..11 Targeting Breast Cancer among African American Women in Nash County: A Proposal to Identify Enabling and Reinforcing Factors of Seeking Preventative Screening Services Introduction Ethnographic field work is an excellent strategy in understanding and describing a cultural group. Field work is also an asset in performing a needs assessment in the planning phase of developing health promotion interventions. As described by Bailey (2002), “ethnographic techniques are integral tools for galvanizing and mobilizing communities for social action relative to generating a promotion and disease prevention agenda.” (Bailey, 2002) This paper serves as a proposal to conduct a medical anthropology field work project to assess reinforcing and enabling factors that promote the use of early detection and preventative breast cancer screening services among African American women. The study design consists of a qualitative ethnographic approach utilizing observation and focus group methodology....
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