...Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) and Black (African) Decent Abstract This paper will identify how Mormons differ from other religious groups. Enlightening of the subject matters that pertain to their beliefs, practices, and how this religion group contributes to the American culture is the bases of the first part of the paper. This paper will also describe the discrimination and prejudice that the Mormons have to deal with because of their religion choice. This paper will also describe the African decent experience with discrimination and prejudice as well. Discrimination and prejudice takes place in all cultures and religions. People who are unwilling to understand and accept the difference that people share are going to allow this behavior to continue and pass it down from generation to generation. America is the melting pot for all ethnic backgrounds, including religions. Being more open minded and having understanding will allow us to break the stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination that we all have towards one another. Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) and Black (African) Decent The United States, throughout history, has been a country of immigrants and a country of religion diversity. Discrimination, prejudice, and stereotyping in the Mormon and Black decent groups have been displayed throughout the changing times. The Mormons, who emerged after the discovery of The Book of Mormon in 1830, were run out of several states before settling in Utah. Blacks who were brought...
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...Literary Education and Canon Formation: The Liberian Experience S. Kpanbayeazee Duworko, II Introduction For the past fourteen years, the name ‘Liberia’ has been inextricably linked to warlords, war exportation and gunrunning in the west African subregion. These linkages, a result of the activities of the country’s leadership, made Liberia an international pariah and brought about the imposition of economic sanctions by the United Nations. Within the comity of nations, Liberia came to be viewed as a country that significantly contributed to the destabilization of the subregion through encouragement and support given to various armed groups that allegedly attacked Sierra Leone, Guinea and La Côte d’Ivoire. Liberia, nevertheless, is also associated with legendary contributions to Africa and the world at large. These contributions range from the fields of politics to sports, medicine, and religion. In the area of politics, Liberia produced Angie Brooks Randolph, the first African female President of the UN General Assembly. In sports, specifically in soccer, Liberia produced George Oppong Weah, the only African so far to capture two major football titles: World Best from the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) and European Best from the European Football Association (UEFA). In medicine, Liberia produced the renowned cardiologist, Jerome Ngana, and the prominent AIDS researcher, Stephen Kennedy. In religion, Liberia produced Prophet Wade Harris...
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...generations in a way I believe no other genre has. Hip Hop in the textbook is said to have first emerged in largely African-American, afro Caribbean, and Latino communities of the Bronx and then spread to Harlem and other boroughs of the New York City in the early 1970s. It is defined as a style of popular music of United States and Hispanic origin, featuring rap with an electronic backing. It can also be described as a culture and form of ground breaking music and self-expression with elements that consisted of the elements of graffiti art, DJing, MCing, and breaking. Today Hip-Hop is considered to be dead in the mainstream because so-called mainstream Hip-Hop doesn't have the elements of hip-hop and have no meaning....
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...African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Vol. 4 (1) - (2015) ISSN: 2223-814X Copyright: © 2014 AJHTL - Open Access- Online @ http//: www.ajhtl.com The perceived contribution of South African arts festivals to the performing arts: standardisation of the measurement scale *Dr SC Pretorius Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Department of History, Politics and Tourism, NorthWest University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa. E-mail: corne.pretorius@nwu.ac.za, Tel: 018 389 2303, Fax: 018 389 2504, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, South Africa, 2735. Dr P Viviers North-West University, South Africa. Dr K Botha North-West University, South Africa. * Corresponding Author Abstract The standardisation of a measurement scale to measure an arts festival‟s contribution to the performing arts is described. The measurement scale, namely the questionnaire, is based on literature, where the contributing factors, namely economic, emotional, educational, marketing, quality and growth and development contribution of an arts festival to the performing arts are determined based on the perception of the festival visitor. The scale proved to be a valid measure, as the exploratory factor analysis on the combined data of Innibos and Vryfees (n = 982) supported construct validity and criterion validity. Further validity was proven by a confirmatory factor analysis on the data of KKNK (n = 602). CFA fit indices also indicate that the model has a satisfactory fit with the data...
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...Addison Kogami Professor Frederick Lau Music 407 23 June 2014 Hip-Hop Music This research paper will be discussing the origins and development of hip-hop music, some of the characteristics that define hip-hop as a musical genre, and the social significance of hip-hop from its creation up until current day. The purpose of this paper is to inform and enhance the understanding of hip-hop music, drawing connections between musical stylistic origins and social influence throughout history on hip-hop music to create an unbiased, accurate account of how hip-hop music came to be what it is today. The genre of hip-hop music formed in the 1970s amongst African American Groups in urban New York City, during a time when “block parties” and it’s associated music started to become extremely popular. Credited with founding hip-hop music, DJ Kool Herc, an immigrant from Jamaica, started to extend the percussive breaks in popular funk and soul music (Dyson). This new sound became so popular that DJs needed to start using two turntables to lengthen percussive breaks, effectively creating an entire new sound and new genre of music (Bekman). Hip-hop music is characterized by four main elements: rapping, scratching (DJing), break dancing, and graffiti (Chang). Because music is dynamic and constantly changing, hip-hop started to develop sub-genres within hip-hop, such as southern trap music or west coast gangsta rap. Hip-hop music in different regions started to develop their own unique...
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...JUSTIFICATION…………………………………………5 BODY……………………………………………….…….6-14 REFERENCES………………………………………. …..15-16 INTRODUCTION Musical language started changing throughout Europe by famous composers such as Stravinsky and Schoenberg, alone side a new style of music was developed in America called the jazz music, this new style of music that was developed by instrumentalist and singers, predominantly the black Americans who were performing this new style of music along streets, bawdy houses, dance halls and other southern cities. Jazz music can be defined according to according to oxford student dictionary defined jazz music as a style of music with a strong rhythm, originally of African American. Again, jazz music can be describe as a style of music rooted out of improvisation and features by syncopated rhythm, a constant beat pattern with a distinctive tone color and performance techniques. The term jazz became popular around 1915, though it started as early as 1900 but throughout the early period of jazz existence nothing was written down on paper or notated on jazz music due to the fact that jazz music was mostly dominated by improvisation. Moreover, only little of jazz music was recorded as at the early 1900 the only jazz music that was recorded was the original Dixieland band recorded in 1917. Since the development of jazz music, a variety of jazz music was created such as ragtime, swing, new Orleans, bebop, free jazz and cool jazz, jazz music has produce world great performance such...
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...Secondary partnerships and donations were provided by Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS), Healthy Baton Rouge, and Voodoo Gear Apparel. BCBS provided Louisiana 2 Step drawstring bags, jump-ropes, bouncy balls, shoe laces, recipe cards, nutrition handouts, and activity idea handouts. Healthy BR provided 5-2-1-0-10 magnets and goal sheet donations. Voodoo Gear Apparel provided donated team T-shirt and frisbee design and printing of theme, “Watch Me Eat, Now Watch Me Play Play.” Donations of black and white paper prints for pre- and posttests were provided by SELU printing and Heather. Beyond these community donations, the overall budget provided by SELU of $100.00 was spent on presentation implementation materials (i.e. poster boards and pencils), Frisbees, and printing of pre-post test material and recorded for tracking on a budget sheet (TABLE 1). Ms. Keisha Payne with SELU allowed for the facilitation of borrowing the SELU School of Nursing table banner. Ms. Candice Bretz also loaned the group her plastic food for the MyPlate station display and...
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...Aidan Naughton CWR4B M Baptiste MWF 2-3p Native American Music: A Root of Contemporary Music Yet Explored What is Native American Music? As our class brainstormed ideas for research, I already knew what topic I wanted to explore. Having been a musician, closely involved with music my entire life, I directed my focus toward Native American music. Before I began to develop any sort of directed, narrowed research questions, I asked myself first, “What is Native American music?” Regarding various definitions of the so-called “genre,” I discovered that Native American music shouldn’t be typified into any genre or defined style of music. It was the perspective toward music that was unique to Native peoples, and this perspective is key in understanding the Native American influence on later creations of music. Definition and Philosophy Native peoples tend to view their music in a distinctly different way from Euro-Americans. To Natives, music is thought; music appeared to be particularly inclusive into Native Americans’ way of life, and is unique in its origin, meaning, and efficacy. To ask “what is Native American music?” would be a question foreign to Native Americans, especially during the time that Native American music was first discovered. One aspect of music specific to indigenous peoples is its place in daily life. In fact, “its place in human affairs are much more significant to Indians than its mode of construction or technical character.” (Native American Music...
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...World Music Genre Study NAME MUSIC INSTRUCTOR’S NAME DATE OF SUBMISSION INTRODUCTION This research paper is a specific study of one of the African dance musical genre-reggae, which was first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The music of Jamaica includes Jamaican folk music and many other popular genres. Therefore, Jamaican popular music since 1960 can be roughly divided into four eras each of which had a distinctive beat – ska, rocksteady, reggae, and dancehall. (Chang and Chen W, 1998, x) But this African dance musical genre “reggae” has gained immense popularity since it was first introduced in the music world and since then it is one of the most popular genres of music. Hence, it is one of the most significant music genres in Western musical market. In my paper, the focus of the reggae music genre is from 1965 till 1975 as these were considered as the major years or a decade for reggae music when it flourished. This was the time period during which the culture of reggae music was civilized and spread widely in the parts of Jamaica. Bob Marley is known as one of the best artists of this genre and the impact he made and contributed has made beyond the shores of Jamaica and globally as well. Reggae was created by the Jamaicans and still it is the only music genre which is so much popular and not created by Europeans or Americans. It has gained immense popularity since its introduction and in the recent years as well that it is the first model in which a third...
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...selecting the most appropriate group(s) and individuals for the firm to serve” (p. 369). TRIAAD Research Group has been tasked with marketing flavored cigarettes to European and other international markets for the Exotic Smokes Cigarette Company. To build a consistent brand message across all markets, TRIAAD will use a standardized marketing approach. TRIAAD will have to use different market strategies to market flavored cigarettes within the different subcultures. Subcultures are “cultural subgroups differentiated by status, ethnic background, residence, religion or other factors that functionally unify the group and act collectively on each member” (“The Free Dictionary”, 2013). This paper will provide the market strategies used to market flavored cigarettes to the subcultures of African American, Hispanic, and Asian. African American The marketing strategies that would be used to market flavored cigarettes within the African American should first start with the brand name. The brand name should be printed in languages like Gullah and Creole. Further the pricing of the cigarettes have to be lower than normal cigarettes the distribution should take place in the areas of African Americans in Louisiana and Georgia. The African American vernacular English should be used for printed ads in English and on the Internet sites of Universities. The political forces in the African American community should be considered. The attitudes towards fruit and vegetable...
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...Josephine Baker was an African American dancer, actress, pop music and jazz singer who was known for by multiple nicknames such as the “Bronze Venus”, “Black Pearl”, “Jazz Cleopatra”, and the “Creole Goddess”. Baker was a thrilling entertainer. More than that, she was the 20th Century’s first international black female sex symbol. The resume of Ms. Baker does not end after being known as an enticing erotic performer, she was also known for becoming an activist in the Civil Rights Movement. After reading this research paper, we will hold a better understanding of how Ms. Josephine Baker impacted American society against racism while being a sex symbol. Freda Josephine McDonald was born on June 3, 1906 in St. Louis, Missouri. Growing...
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...Lies in the African-American Population o West African music was brought into America and was thrown into a mixing pot that the slave population count themselves as Americans. o Blues is the beginning of Jazz, Rock and R&B • Congo Square –Passage from book: History of Jazz o An eligible black man sits with a large cylinder drum using his fingers and edge of his hand he jams repeatedly on the drum head which is around 14 diameters and probably made from animal skin. ____________________ with rapid sharp strokes. A second drummer holding his instrument between his knees joins in, playing with the same ______ attack. A third black man seated on the ground _________ instrument the body of which is rashly fashioned from the calabash. Another calabash which has been made into a drum and a woman beats at it with two short sticks. One voice then another voice, then other voices join in a dance of scene contradictions __________ give and take ___________ one handed performance spontaneous yet on closer inspection ritualize and precise is a dance of massive proportions, a dense crowded _________ performed in circular groups perhaps five or six hundred individuals moving in time to the pulsations of the music some swaying gently and others aggressively stumping their feet. A number of women in the group begin chanting. This scene could be Africa, in fact it is 19th century in New Orleans scattered first handed accounts provide us with analyzing details of these slay dances that took place...
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...Alexander Francis ENG 200 November 4, 2013 Prof. Hamann, Erika Thesis: WWII was critical to the degree at which swing influenced the development of American identity; not only through recognition of social inequalities, but furthering the development of a musical identity that still influences the modern sounds of our ever-changing culture. Why Swing Swung What separates you from others can appropriately be deemed as a series of conflict’s, conflict is critical to the development of identity; without conflict the unconscious perception of us, them, we or they would not exist. Humans being naturally prone to argument create a cultural identity designed around the conflicts in which a number of people are affected, in turn allowing people to identify with each other through common grounds; unintentionally creating a communication barrier between them and us. This model although small demonstrates how groups are formed, and can be projected upon the development of a musical identity within America during the Second World War. Possibly seen as the largest conflict in recorded history, World War II set the boundaries for numerous identities; creating a conscious affiliation of differences, people now identified themselves through stereotypes that otherwise would not have developed. Most of these conflicts or stereotypes would happen to be woven inside the United States due to propaganda: a necessary war tool developed to instill a feeling of pride and ensure a feeling of...
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...Exploring the Ethnic Diversity in Shakira’s Song ( Objection) Literary studies in English Dr. Shanthini Pillai Feras Ismail Ali P61421 Review: Over the ages, humans migrated from place to place. Between 1700s to 1800s have been substantial migrations among the world. One of these migrations was the Latin Americans to United State of America. By the time the number of Latin Americans increased to reach 30 million with different ancestral, cultural background and traditions, those immigrants establish their own heritage, customs, traditions and values to build their own identity. This raises the concept of panethnicity. Panethnicity is a collection of different small identities which form a community. The different ethnicities in panethnic community have similarities in their customs, values, language and music. ( Andrea Bedoya, 2007, P1). Shakira and her family was one of the families who migrate to USA, when she became a famous singer all over the world, she tries to maintain her origins and culture through her lyrics and symbols in her songs. These movements of different origins and parts created diasporas who have to maintain their roots with their origin land, looking for their ancestral land and culture although they have to cope with the new land and culture, Shakira in her song presented these feelings clearly through the music, lyrics, setting, clothes, instruments and dancing. She tries to save her culture through singing. Karim (1998, P2) argued that “diasporas...
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...Caribbean Festivals at Home and Abroad Concept of Carnival/Festival Carnival brings about a "second world condition" so that when carnival comes around, another world is created and people go into that world. Notion of carnival as one of “the decentralising forces that militate against official power and ideology. Carnival as the interruption of dominant discourses “to surrender the critical and cultural tools to the dominant class and in this sense, carnival can be seen above all else as a site of urgency.” Mikhail Bakhtin in Rabelais and His World- Uses the term in reference to carnivals of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Bakhtin one of the key theorists on carnivals. Bakhtin-Carnivals allowed people mostly from the under class to rebel momentarily against social conventions and the class and financial hierarchies that structured society. Bakhtin- Carnival in medieval times offered a “second world and a second life.” Play, mockery, inversion, laughter and profanity all elements in Bakhtin's canival. Bakhtin-Carnival underlined is not a spectacle seen by the people; they live in it and everyone participate because its very idea embraces all the people...It has a universal spirit; it is a special condition of the entire world, of the world's revival and renewal in which all take part.” Bakhtin's views on Carnival have led to many theorists using Bakhtin's views to discuss carnival. Robert Stam- Carnivals can be politically ambiguous affairs that can be egalitarian and emancipatory...
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