...Payroll and Business Tax Accounting Chapter 1 – The Need for Payroll and Personnel Records Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or Federal Wage and Hour Law – A federal statute of the United States that was established in 1932 by Senator Hugo Black. This statute “contains provisions and standards concerning minimum wage.” It also covers equal opportunity requirements so that everyone is paid a fair wage regardless of race or sex. It covers overtime and holiday pay, record keeping, and child labor. (Textbook) These standards affect “employees in the private sector and in federal, state, and local governments. Covered nonexempt workers are entitled to a minimum wage.” (www.dol.gov/whd/flsa) It also started “the forty-hour work week, established a national minimum wage, guaranteed ‘time-and-a-half’ for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in ‘oppressive child labor.’” (Wikipedia) Provides enterprise and individual employee coverage. Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) – an employment tax that “imposes two taxes on employees and two taxes on employers.” These taxes fund old-age, survivors, and disability insurance program (OASDI) and hospital insurance (HI). (Textbook) The FICA “tax is a United States federal payroll (or employment) tax imposed on both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare —federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, the disabled, and children of deceased workers.” (Wikipedia) This act requires...
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...benchmark civil rights legislation, and it continues to resonate in America. The basic tenants of this legislation prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin and other protected classes as amended. Passage of the Act ended the application of "Jim Crow" laws, which had been upheld by the Supreme Court in the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson, in which the Court held that racial segregation purported to be "separate but equal" was constitutional. The Civil Rights Act was eventually expanded by Congress to strengthen enforcement of these fundamental civil rights (United States Senate - Committee of the Judiciary). In the 1960s, Americans who knew only the potential of "equal protection of the laws" expected the nations political leaders and the courts to fulfill the promise and guarantee of the 14th Amendment. In response, all three branches of the federal government, as well as the public at large, debated a fundamental constitutional question: Does the Constitution's prohibition of denying equal protection always ban the use of racial, ethnic, or gender criteria in an attempt to bring social justice and social benefits (National Archives, 2012)? The simple answer is no. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 In 1964 Congress passed Public Law 88-352 (78 Stat. 241). The provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race in hiring, promoting, and firing. The word "sex" was added at the last moment. According...
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...Principles of Economics 1101 July 25, 2013 Unemployment Differences between Races/Nationalities Introduction It seems to me that the only thing that is changing from day to day is unemployed workers and the fact of businesses and companies cutting jobs. These companies are cutting positions by lying off workers and some are simply closing the doors. As a result of this type of action, the unemployment rate is steadily climbing. I feel that unemployment is one of America’s largest focuses. The effect of unemployment imposes a huge impact on America’s economy. When people are not working or just can’t find a job, they consume less income forcing a lower demand for goods and services that are not essential to us. The fact of less spending leads to companies being forced to figure out ways to cut cost in order to stay in business. The unemployment labor force is made up of different genders, ethnic groups, and age brackets. It is known that the unemployment rates are different for each one of them. When it comes to sex, it doesn’t matter what race or ethnic group you come from, there are more male unemployed than women. Although, many of these groups were once part of the workforce, they are not counted anymore due to being laid off from their jobs. With so many people not working, this leads to other problems like increased crime rates, poverty, and health problems. Unemployment for African Americans As the black unemployment persists at a high rate that seems to be...
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...An Trinh CMST 340 Pros. Amy Miller Mar 19th, 2015 Research Paper The United States is an immigrant nation, so there are different religion and color in America. Since the United States is one of the most wealthy nation in the world, other nations assume that America also an equitable country, which all race live happily together. However, they do not aware of how much racism still occur in schools, workforces, and any where else in the United States. Racism is the discrimination of different races and is the thought of one race or color of skin has more physical or mental abilities than another. Clinton (1997) believed over 100 different racial and ethnic groups would attend in colleges and universities, and Nobel Prize winners have given to various nations. While Clinton (1997) believed that there would not be such racism in the United States for the next half century, Ballman (2011) argued that discrimination has gotten more clearly over these years. While blacks and whites generally agree that they get along well, Robert (2013) stated that about seven in ten black people and more than one in four white people coincide that blacks are treated unfairly by the criminal system. Additionally, in public schools, white students have more benefits than black students. This unequal treatment also happens in workplace. Moreover, one in three blacks, one in five Hispanic Americans and one in ten whites claimed that they received inequitable respect last year because of perceptions...
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...Discrimination One of the challenges and issues in our work place is discrimination and it is impossible to prevent or correct discrimination without information about it. Therefore, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission “EEOC “created a Manual that clearly addresses the importance of policy and procedures in case of discrimination. Based on the Commission's guide, employers are required to prevent and correct discrimination through legislation and efficient enforcement mechanisms in the work place. Discrimination has many faces but, one of the forms of discrimination which we need to have a firm understanding is refusal of standard rights to persons because of race, nationality, age and sex. Race It is against the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that an employer reject to accept an application or refuse hire, promotion, compensation, job training or any other employment privileges because of an employee’s race or color. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) reports that it received 100,000 job bias charges during fiscal year 2012. Also, the EEOC has observed The number of people who filed race discrimination claims (33,512) increased in 2012 (Dipboye & Collela,2005).The EEOC indicated that in 2012, discrimination for certain racial minorities showed a deep impact in the current down turn of world of work. For example, in the United States, the unemployment rate remains almost twice as high for African-Americans relative...
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...Statute and Case Law Relationship Paper Charity Lehman Cev Smith Michelle R Wilson Connie Ferguson-Rangel MGT 434 April 5, 2006 Introduction Anti-Discrimination Laws were enacted to "promote fairness, equality, and opportunity within the workplace." More distinctively, these federal employment laws prohibit employment practices that discriminate on the basis of race, age, gender, national origin, color, disability and religion. The same laws also prohibit employers from striking back against those persons who filed claims of discrimination. There are several civil rights statutes that employers must become familiar with and incorporate into their daily business and employment practices. These statutes would include Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Age Discrimination Act (ADEA), Equal Pay Act (EPA), and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, Executive Order 11246, and the Vocational Rehabilitation Act. Religion The first amendment to the United States Constitution states in part “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…” (Author Unknown, 1791). This statute has been at the root of a number of legal issues surrounding the Ten Commandments from Jewish and Christian religion of late. A number of cases from Texas to Maryland to Nebraska have worked their way through the Federal court system with a few being heard by the Supreme...
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...families.” Recently, studies have shown that income inequality has many connections that have caused the gap in the United States. According to the research I found, income inequality is connected to corruption, trade, wages of workers, and education. The world income inequality had declined since the twentieth century according to the studies found (Clark). Corruption falls increasing on low income individuals more than higher income individuals. Additionally, the trade theory suggests that the free trade might have level up the income inequality higher within countries by the different patterns of wages and demand for workers who are skilled and unskilled (Silva and Leichenko). Moreover, the education of wealthier people has it easier because the learning efforts of education are unbalanced. Besides, income inequality in the United States is hurting our economy due to the all the issues of corruption, trade, wages, and education. They also point out that some of the causes of income inequality are "differences in ability, education and training, discrimination, tastes, and risks.” As a whole we saw these factors very useful in explaining why it exists, but the problem with these is that they are mostly abstract. It is almost impossible to measure someone's tastes and preferences, but it is easy to measure the level of education and the degree of discrimination. Before researching this project we came up with factors that we perceived to be major factors causing income inequality...
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...Week 7 Course Project Raquida Edwards Magras Raquida123@live.com Keller Graduate School of Management Professor Walter Brey October 15, 2015 HRM 594 Introduction In the past and even in current times, workplace issues were very prominent. Some were discriminatory actions against a certain group or person because of age, race, gender, religion, and other characteristics. Some were wrongful acts against the employee or employer. The list just goes on and on. To prevent those things from happening and alleviate the issues, laws were put in place to protect employees and employers. The laws were also put in place to create a safe work environment for everyone. The laws have not completed mitigated the issues, but they have minimized significantly. Many of the laws that are now in place were put in place because of employees and/or employers that went through situations and no law was written to protect them. Laws are now also in place to protect employees when they are not at the workplace for different reasons beyond their control. An example of this is the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA). This act was put in place to protect service members’ jobs when they have be called up to serve their country. In the past, employers could have terminated the employee, but because of this act, employers must keep the employee’s job for the time they leave until they come back. If the employee’s position is no longer available, for...
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...1043-1047; 1051 1075-1079; 1088-1094; 1108-1111; 1123-1126; 1131-32; 1137-1145; 1194-1202. Unemployment – Chapter 12 Bankruptcy Large and small American companies have become bankrupt either as a means to terminate business or a way to reorganize and continue to operate. The Supreme Court held unanimously in NLRB v. Bildisco & Bildisco that a collective bargaining agreement is only an executory agreement, and can be rejected by the employer after bankruptcy if the agreement burdens the estate, and the equities balance in favor of rejecting the labor contract. The Supreme Court also held that an employer commits no unfair labor practice if it unilaterally alters the terms of the existing collective bargaining agreement. After bankruptcy petition has been filed but before review by a bankruptcy court of the arguments for altering the contract. Plant Closings Local 1330, United Steel Workers of America v. United states steel Corp. (p. 1032) 631 F.2d 1264 (6th Cir. 1980) Facts: The D., United States Steel Corp had two large steel mills in Ohio. The P., two local unions represent about 3,500 production and maintenance employees. The plants have been the life blood of the workers, their families and the community for many years. The Ds are closing the plants because of unprofitability. The Plaintiffs, the Congressman from the district, and the Attorney General from Ohio sues United States Steel Corp. to keep the plants in operation. If they could not prevail on the closing...
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...establishing laws which not only protect the employee, but the employer as well. For example, The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is “responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information” (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission). These laws apply to various types of work related situations including hiring, firing, promotions, harassment, training, wages, and benefits (EEOC). The United States Department of Labor (DOL) “administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws” (United States Department of Labor), which “covers many workplace activities for about 10 million employers and 125 million workers” (United States Department of Labor). Safety requirements fall under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970; this act assures “safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women; by authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act; by assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions; by providing for research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health; and for other purposes” (Occupational Safety & Health Administration). The role under these laws ensures all employees should be educated and aware of safety hazards they are exposed...
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...living with disabilities, the ADA outlines regulations and laws that are to be followed by potential employers. One of the regulations states that potential employers may not discriminate against an applicant based on a disability of a potential employee. This regulation is enforced by the U.S. Equal Employment Oppurtunity Commision. These regulations have significant impact on persons living with a disability. Until the Amercian Disabilities Act took affect, persons with disabilities had no recourse for discrimination. Employers could refuse to hire a qualified individual based on the presence of a disability or the employer perceiving the applicant of having a disability. Potential employers could also deny a disabled applicant a position based on not being able to accomadate their disbabilty. With the ADA, employers are responsible for providing reasonable accomadations to a qualified applicant in order for them to properly perform their job responsibilities (The ADA: Your Employment Rights as an Individual With a Disability, 2005). These accomadations include making the work enviroment handicapp accesible. Although many strides have been made for fair treatment of individuals with disabilities there remain many obstacles. One of these obstacles is the current unemployment rates in the United States. As of October 2012 the unemployment rates in the U.S. were 7.9% for people without disabilities and 12.9% for those with disabilities (Disability...
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...Christy Grob SOC-220 November 3, 2013 Professor Loyd Ganey Gender, race, and age discrimination occur in American society because of defiant behavior because of one’s self. “From the outset, race, class gender, and age have been cited as variables that contribute to deviant behavior. The prevailing question of the field early on was “Why are people deviant?” (Access, 2008). Discrimination is a big problem in American society today. “Discrimination can be based on age, religion, health, and other indicators; race based discrimination and anti-discrimination laws strive to address this set of social problems. The terms stereo type, prejudice, discrimination, and racism are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. When you discuss the terms from a sociological perspective, it is important to define them: stereo types are over simplified about groups of people, prejudice refers to thoughts and feelings, while discrimination refers to actions towards them. Racism on the other hand is a type of prejudice that involves set beliefs” (College, 2013). Discrimination is always plastered all over the media for one reason or another. Coaches are always being fired for not being a certain race. These types of stereo types occur because people believe that they deserve an opportunity over someone else because of one of the factors. Discrimination of age with a promotion. Gender discrimination when it comes to a man being better than a woman or vice versa when it comes to...
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...Situation A – The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) The Family Medical Act, Wage and Hour Division, under the United States Department of Labor that was enacted in 1993,necessitates that covered employers make available to employees leave that is related to work, and also unpaid for medical and family reasons that are considered fit. FMLA applies to employers with 50 or more employees, public agencies, and schools (Ford et al 2000). An employee is qualified for FMLA if they have reached 12 months of working for their employer, have worked for 1250 hours for him or her, and works where there at least 50 workers who are working for the same employer (The Family Medical Leave Act, 1993). It should be noted, however, that the leave period should not exceed 12 weeks for a period of 12 months. The conditions which enable one to benefit from FMLA are: * The delivery of a child, either a boy or girl or the placement of a girl or boy child with the employee for taking up or adoptive care (Ford et al 2000); * The care for an intimate such as a marital partner spouse, son, daughter, or parent who is very ill or injured; * If the employee has a serious health condition or injury that makes it almost impossible to do the tasks that they should do; or * For any eligible emergency that arises out of the point that an intimate such as a spouse, son, daughter, or parent is a member of the military on covered active duty or call to covered active duty status (Ford et al 2000)...
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...Johnson March 15, 2015 Atwood and Allen Consulting Introduction In this week’s assignment, I will look at the following three scenarios and assist the clients in complying with both state and federal laws that govern how they are organized and run. I will assist the following clients. * A small business owner in a limousine service doing business in Texas. * A Human Resources Director of a medium sized construction company that wants to open up operations in Arizona. * A Human Resources representative with a large hotel that wants to expand its operations into the country of India. Landslide Limousines as a small business client. Bradley Stonefield wants to open a “first-class” limousine service in Austin, Texas as an on-going concern. He projects that there will be 25 employees hired at the outset. He will organize as a small business and he will be subject to state and federal laws in the recruitment and retention of drivers, as well as licensing requirements that will be determined by the state of Texas. The labor market conditions will help dictate which federal and state laws will be used. The limousine service will have to comply with a number of federal employment laws. First, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Cascio, 2013, p.83) prohibits the discrimination in hiring and promotions based on race, color, religion, and sex of the applicant. In very narrowly defined situations, an employer is permitted to discriminate on the basis of a protected...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There is currently widespread discrimination against Muslims around the world due to numerous terrorist activities that occurred over the past decade. However, it is important for us to understand that although many of these activities were carried out by Muslims, we cannot stereotype all Muslims to be terrorists. Unjust discrimination against them may trigger more problems. Thus, a good approach to fix this problem would be educating the public not to stereotype as some Muslims may be the victims themselves. THE ISSUES AND WHO ARE INVOLVED The world has been plagued by terrorism, especially so over the past decade and this has led to widespread discrimination against Muslims. This is due to the fact that many of the terrorist acts were carried out by terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiah whose members are mainly of Muslim religion. However, there are much overlooked facts such as majority of the Muslims are actually not involved in those terrorist acts and some of the Muslims may even be victims of those terrorist acts themselves. One example of discrimination against Muslims would be the Oklahoma City bombing incident executed by Timothy McVeigh, an American, whereby Muslims were suspected for the bombing even before investigations started. Another would be the very recent French study led by David Laitin of Stanford University in California which shows that Muslims in European countries are more likely to be unemployed compared to people...
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