...Race, Culture and Crime Reports Unit 6 DB 1 Ann-Marie Cameron Cappella University Dr. Peace May 16, 2016 Annotated Outline I. Introduction A. Race and Culture II. Areas That Will Be Examine for Trends A. Crime Reports B. Statistical Evidence about Crime C. Affected Culture, Age, and Race III. Incident Reporting System A. Federal Bureau of Investigation B. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) C. Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) IV. Suggestions and Solution For A Better Reporting Data System from Law Enforcement Agencies and Community Resources A. Public Safety and Law Enforcement Agencies B. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) C. Department Of Justice (DOJ) D. Community Relations Service (CRS) E. Local Law Enforcement Agencies F. Age Groups That Will Be Affected For Suggestion Improvement V. Conclusion VI. References Annotated Bibliography FBI 2014 National Incident-Based Reporting System (2014).Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2015/december/2014-nibrs-statistics-released/2014-nibrs-statistics-released The goal of this article was to examine statistics data that was collected and reported to the...
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...reasons. Simply put discrimination means to single out an individual or group based on either race, age, gender or religion. Being bias or prejudice results in denial of opportunity or causes unfair treatment regarding selection, promotion or transfer. The way discrimination is different from stereotyping is because when you stereotype an individual or group you make exaggerating comments about that particular group or person for example saying all white people are uncaring or stating all children are loud and obnoxious. This might fit some individuals characteristics but it would be stereotyping the whole group if stating everyone of that age or race acted or did the same things. * From Ch. 3 of Racial and Ethnic Groups, describe at least one cause of discrimination and one effect of it. There are multiple reasons why one might be discriminated against it could be there genger, race, beliefs, sexual origin, or their age. These types of reasons would used to prevent people from participing in activities with others or from getting employment. One cause of discrimination is Hate Crimes. Hate Crimes are when offenders are motivated to choose a victim because of some characteristic—for example, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or disability—and provide evidence that hatred prompted them to commit the crime. Hate crimes also are sometimes referred to as bias crimes. Because of this many effects can happen. The most prominate effect is that many innocent people...
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...1. Discuss How the Interaction of Class, Gender, Race and Age Affects Criminal Opportunities Many criminologists have looked for the answers on the effects of crime with only a few who agree on common grounds on why some choose to commit crimes and others choose to defy it even though there are given opportunities. Criminologists have found four sociological variables class, gender, race, and age are now viewed as a direct contributor to deviant behavior. One view as put by Anderson “When alienation becomes so entrenched, an oppositional culture can develop and flourish. This culture, especially among the young can gain strength and legitimacy by opposing dominant society and its’ agents.”(Andersen 1999: 216). This view I think is one of these biggest contributing factors. The second biggest factor I think lies in the Strain theory which argues that these variables, particularly class, lead to blocked opportunities in achieving the shared “American Dream” which then fostered deviant alternatives for economic success (Cloward and Ohlin 1960). Race, class gender and age are positions that do shape access to the opportunity structure, and may make a path to values that are a direct cause of deviance. Certain types of deviant activities do require knowledge, skills, rationales, and avenues for engagement. Class continues to be the primary consideration, because it interacts with race, gender and age, these which are often implied if not thoroughly addressed. Until recently, the focus...
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...Juvenile Crime Statistics Crystal Rick Juvenile Justice June 16, 2014 Debra Nadeau Juvenile crimes are unfortunate, but they do happen in the United States. The uniform crime report or UCR is compiled by the FBI. The FBI uses information sent from local police departments. Local police departments compile information based on crimes that are committed in their area, and about the individual that was arrested. The UCR are done yearly and compared to other years. This information is used to track the changes and the recurrences in crimes that are committed. The information is used to help police departments deal with crimes that are committed by a specific group of people. Juveniles are often looked at to attempt to lower the crimes committed by juvenile offenders. Using the report can allow the police to track trends in crimes committed by juveniles. By looking at the report every year the police can see the areas that have higher crimes. They can see if there is rise in males or females committing crimes. They can find treads in the changes of crimes committed by a certain race. This report can help them to better understand what changes to make and what is effective. If the police implement a plan to lower the juvenile crime rate, and the report shows that it is consistently working it can be implemented in other areas to lower rates in other areas. According to Puzzanchera (2009) “In 2008, law enforcement agencies in the United States made an estimated...
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...problems of inequality have been linked to disparities in quality of life and psychological and social well-being. The problem of social inequality has been found to be linked with other social problems such as crime and victimization. The problem of social inequality can even be seen in the criminal justice system in how it treats people of various races, ethnic groups and socioeconomic classes who are processed through the system (Wheelock, 2006). In essence, there exists a disparity amongst race, ethnicity, socioeconomic class in criminal victimization and how people are processed through the criminal justice system that exacerbates the social problem of inequality in numerous social institutions and complicates many individual’s efforts to escape from poverty and achieve upward mobility (Wheelock, 2006). The disparity in criminal punishment is due to various factors such as laws that were implemented to reduce crime, race, and low economic status (Wheelock, 2006). The factors that have a tremendous impact on victimization are demography and socioeconomic status (Raphael, 2006). While violent crimes are not exclusive to poor metropolitan areas, consistent patterns have been observed which reveal lower rates of crime in neighborhoods with low poverty and higher rates of crime in poor metropolitan areas (Raphael, 2006). These poor metropolitan areas are usually segregated, have lower quality of education, fewer employment opportunities, and contain larger minority populations such...
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...of hate crimes based on national origin. In Germany it was the Holocaust and the hate towards Jewish people, here in America we’ve had a history of hate against African American people now it seems that hate towards other races such as Latinos and Middle Eastern races are becoming more apparent. It's also obvious that, while Americans are always in a hurry to close our most unpleasant chapters, unfortunately, anti-Semitism is alive and well in a lot of parts of our society, whether we like it or not. The fight for women’s rights in America started before the 1920s but big changes weren’t made until the 1960’s and 1970’s. The women's movement emerged as a political force later than the black civil rights movement, but today it is equally well entrenched. Sexism is widely seen as racism's counterpart. It’s only natural to include gender prejudice under the hate crime umbrella, especially in light of the extent to which women as a group are victimized by men. Crimes against women would seem to be the most obvious candidate for recognition as hate crime. However, the intent of the person committing the crime would need to be known before it could be determined if a man commits a sexual crime against a woman. In 1994, women reported approximately 500,000 rapes and sexual assaults, almost 500,000 robberies and 3.8 million assaults. The perpetrator was male in the vast majority of these offenses it is undetermined if any of these were considered hate crimes. The Violent Crime Control...
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...Every year, thousands of Americans come under attack because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or a disability. These attacks can range from name-calling, offensive jokes, and social exclusion to life-threatening acts of violence. When these attacks cross the line into criminal activity, they are considered to be hate crimes. Hate crimes can take many forms; A black teenager is beaten up by white teenagers while walking through a suburb. Swastikas are painted on a synagogue. A gay man is killed and another is injured when they are attacked by a group of men outside a gay bar. A transgender male or female. A bomb threat is called in to a local Islamic center, and racial epithets are shouted at children wearing traditional Arab clothing. Not only do hate crimes affect individual victims, but can also harm every other member of the group that individual represents, creating a sense of fear, vulnerability, insecurity, distrust, and outrage. They can also launch cycles of retaliation and counter-retaliation among groups. Almost two-thirds of reported attacks are committed by individuals under the age of 24. Although people of all racial and ethnic groups commit hate crimes, young white males commit majority of them. Most victims of violent hate crimes are also young: more than half of the victims of reported hate violence are age 24 or under, and nearly a third are under 18. African Americans, Jews, Arab Americans and Muslims, new immigrants...
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...Many criminologists have looked for the answers on the effects of crime with only a few who agree on common grounds on why some choose to commit crimes and others choose to defy it even though there are given opportunities. Criminologists have found four sociological variables class, gender, race, and age are now viewed as a direct contributor to deviant behavior. One view as put by Anderson “When alienation becomes so entrenched, an oppositional culture can develop and flourish. This culture, especially among the young can gain strength and legitimacy by opposing dominant society and its’ agents.”(Andersen 1999: 216). This view I think is one of these biggest contributing factors. The second biggest factor I think lies in the Strain theory which argues that these variables, particularly class, lead to blocked opportunities in achieving the shared “American Dream” which then fostered deviant alternatives for economic success (Cloward and Ohlin 1960). Race, class gender and age are positions that do shape access to the opportunity structure, and may make a path to values that are a direct cause of deviance. Certain types of deviant activities do require knowledge, skills, rationales, and avenues for engagement. Class continues to be the primary consideration, because it interacts with race, gender and age, these which are often implied if not thoroughly addressed. Until recently, the focus has been on poverty as a third contributor to deviance, and yes, some types of deviance are...
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...America has become one of the most diverse and wealthiest countries in the world. Although the United States is wealthy, not all individuals have benefited from that wealth. Throughout society, African American communities have become marginalized, with areas of poverty, high crime rates, discrimination and few opportunities for advancement. These areas are often locations where racial and cultural minorities live. Racial disparities exist within the criminal justice system and have shown many problems of inequality between the white and black race. In addition to having inequality within the criminal justice system, the criminals also have impacted their family members in different ways due to being incarcerated. The media has misrepresented African Americans by emphasizing African Americans participating in crimes while ignoring crimes committed by whites. People in society are assuming that only black people commit crimes, which is unfair because the incidences of people committing crimes are about equal between the races. Racial disparity favors white people over black people in the criminal justice system. Therefore, society must reevaluate the way society portrays who commits crimes, and where they are committed. Throughout many decades of history, black people had been discriminated against and treated as second class citizens in American society, even though they participated equally in the workforce. Discrimination has happened from slavery until present times. For...
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...Alfriz Mella Professor Gusrang Sociology 101 In today’s society, crime in the United States is no longer one dimension. Although the number of violent crimes in the United States has dropped within the last 40 years according to the FBI and the U.S. Department of Justice reports, I believe that there are many factors that would determine the outcome of the fate of perpetrator. Most crimes are still committed nowadays because of one or two causes, which could be class, race, age, or gender related. This paper will summarize a crime story, and tell how the race affects the media, and the public perception of the crime. A 20 year-old active duty solider named, Tevin Geike, was stabbed to death last Sunday morning, October 6, by his fellow Army men, who are African-American, while walking at a block in Lakewood. The victim, who at the time was with some companions, an all-white male, were on their way back from the club at 2 a.m., to the Joint Base Lewis-McChord, after celebrating his upcoming discharge from the military. A vehicle carrying the accused suddenly stopped by, and the men in the car yelled at the victim and his friends, and began name calling and hurling racial slurs such as “cracker”. When Geike retaliated by shouting back at the group in the car, that’s when trouble started. The men in the car turned around their vehicle towards where the victim and his friends were walking, got out of the car, and after a verbal confrontation, one of them stabbed the 20-year...
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...Hate Crimes: Criminal Profile, Causes, Victims, and Minimization Abstract Discrimination and hate crimes are nothing new. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 enacted the Federally Protected Activities Law in 1969, allowing the federal prosecution of any person or persons, who because another's race, color, religion or national origin, while participating in a federally protected activity, such as voting or going to school, willfully injures or attempts to injure, intimidates or attempts to intimidate or interfere with them(18 USC § 245, n.d.). In 1994 the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act was passed where in Section 280003(a) a hate crime is defined where a person intentionally selects a victim, or a property crime, to commit a crime because of race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, sexual orientation, or homeless status of the victim (28 USC § 994, 1994). The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, was signed by President Obama on October 28, 2009 as a rider to the National Defense Authorization Act for 2010 (H.R. 2647) as a result to the murders of Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr., expanding the 1969 United States federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's race, sexual orientation, gender identity, actual or perceived gender, or disability (Weiner, 2010). As we can see, hate crimes are felonies but they are still committed every day, and sociologists continue to study what drives...
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...Racism is a serious social issue in America today just as it has always been since its founding. There has been huge leaps towards equality for all races. However, even with anti-discrimination laws in place, people still claim that racism is just as prominent as it always has been (Robson 10). Movements like Black Lives Matter are completely unjustified as all they do is incite violence and contradict their own cause. Racial profiling is also not a product of indoctrinated racism but a product of fact and crime prevention. There are several issues people have today related to race. One issue is the use of racial profiling as a legitimate form of police work. “The use of race or ethnicity as grounds for suspecting someone of having committed...
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...around for a while now. So what really is the true meaning of discrimination? Discrimination is when an individual or even a group of people are treated differently due to race, national origin, age, gender, etc. Never once will the person doing the discriminating shed light on what that person’s qualifications and individual behavior are, nor have they ever cared. To illustrate the point, here are a few examples of employment discrimination. Up until the 1960s, almost all police departments, especially the southern ones, never would hire officers that were African American. If you were lucky enough to be hired as an African American officer, there were many restrictions that came with it. For example African American officers could not arrest Caucasians, and were not allowed to work in Caucasian neighborhoods. As an African American you were kept in minority neighborhoods. These are the types of work practices that show what discrimination is. Just because of an individual’s race you were treated much differently with many restrictions. Lastly around the same time frame, males were not allowed to be flight attendants. Only females were allowed to work this position. This is an example of gender type discrimination. Never were qualifications and experience reviewed about an individual first. In today’s day and age, police agencies and our criminal justice system as a whole still show many patterns of discrimination. Some of those discrimination patterns are but not limited to contextual...
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...Fear of Crime: Development, Progress, and Efforts to Erase the Negative Effects it Leaves Behind Abstract This study diagnoses the different aspects that cause fear of crime to grow or progress in society. Things that have stronger influences on the mind are considered on higher scales than others. This report has many different points; it will be focused most on: demography and how it is used to show characteristics of your 'common victim', the media's ramification’s on crime, what effects the mind has on crime, and crime within schools. It will also mention different theories and how they affect the thoughts that people have on the amount of crime around them. Crime is a topic in today's society that cast immense fear into the mind and thoughts of many people, putting hindrance on what many people do in their lives. It is depicted in abundance on television, radio, books, and other entertainment sources of today's day and age, therefore causing more people to focus in on crime. Due to the added attention on the topic, fear of crime, the physical, social, economic, and emotional vulnerability as a result of the stress from crime, is more common than it used to be. Fake court cases and exaggerated crimes are all over reality television, in turn, taking minuscule fears and making them extraordinary with every hour they sit observing them in front of their television a daily basis, one show after another. Mind over matter is a theory that is mentioned when discussing...
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...Juvenile Crime Statistics Paper A person under the age of 18 years old is considerate a juvenile. A child or youth who commits a crime or is beyond the control of his or her parents is considerate a juvenile delinquent. This paper will summarize the juvenile crime statistics for 2008. The decrease in juvenile arrests will be discusses. Also the increase in drug offenses and simple assaults will be summarized. In addition, the increase and decrease of female, male, and minority arrests, and their implications will be of topic. Finally, the assessment of tracking juvenile arrests as a method of measuring the amount of and trends in juvenile crime will be done. Overall Decrease in Juvenile Arrests The decrease of juvenile arrests was evident in 2008. Juvenile arrests decreased by 3% from that of 2007. Violent crimes that include murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault showed a trend of declined in 2006 and 2008. In fact the rate of violent crimes decreased from 1987 to 2008. Although juvenile arrests declined to less than 10%, property crime arrests increased. According, to the Juvenile Arrests 2008 bulletin, property crimes increased between 2006 and 2008. Drug Offenses and Simple Assaults In 2008, juvenile arrests for drug offenses was of 180, 100. At 11% the arrests differ from that of the previous years. Juvenile drug offenses have increased in the last couple of years. Simple assaults decreased in 2008 to 6% of...
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