...| Agile Testing Methodology | | | | Bhavik Bharat Mehta ) | | Table of Contents Traditional Software Development Process 3 Traditional Testing 4 Introduction to Agile Process 5 Agile v/s Traditional Process 6 Software Testing Process in Agile 7 Key features of Agile Tester 8 Limitation of Traditional QA in Agile Environment 9 Software Testing – An Agile Methodology 10 Change Mindset 10 Change Focus 10 Elimination of Bottleneck 10 Latency Reduction 11 Less Documentation 11 Test Driven Approach 12 Value working software over comprehensive documentation 13 Importance of team than processes 13 Challenges in Agile Testing 14 Speed and Volume change 14 Inconsistent/ Inadequate Unit Testing 14 Decision fatigue 15 Testing in the nth iteration 15 Testing within same iteration as coding 16 Poor changing and Missing Test Oracles 16 Various Process Agile Testing 17 Exploratory Testing 17 Scrum Testing 17 Lean and Kanban Testing 18 Extreme Programming 19 Agile Testing in Large Scale Project 21 References 22 Traditional Software Development Process Traditional software methodologies are based on a sequential series of steps that has to be defined and documented in detail; this process does not support changes of requirements also the complete system has to be known at start. Traditional methodologies employ a requirement-design-build format and are considered to be the traditional way to develop software...
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...Inspiration from: When I was young, I never go out door and play with my fellow kids. The reason was I was scared that I would get hurt while I play. Then, one day my brother took me to the nearby ground. I was watching the boys playing Cricket. All of sudden I heard a loud noise, it is because the whole ground was cheering for a boy who reached the strikers end to take the strike. And realized the reason for the cheer that boy had no legs. The very first ball he faced, he sent the ball to the boundary. I was shocked and just observed him closely. He can’t run as like others and comes to ground on his wheel chair but still manages to play cricket. I found from others that he met with an accident couples of years back and lost his both legs be. As a grown up person now, I could understand “How did he managed to play cricket without legs”. The change he understood, the change he adapted, the technique he developed, the change he made to himself…. It is true and evident that you can’t live every day in the same style. Change is Eternal. If the person in the above story had thought, it is going to hurt him if he tries to play cricket after the accident, then he will be just called as Handicap. But now, he accepted and fought the battle and won. His name is 'Aghoram'. It has truly inspired me in many ways; in fact I have started playing outdoor games. Being in IT industry for these many years, I have realised most of the IT industries were stick to the traditional...
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...------------------------------------------------- Agile EVM In complex environments like software development, an iterative and incremental or Agile approach is often used to deliver complex products more successfully. Agile EVM is used as trend burndown/burnup graphs to make forecasts of progress towards a completion date transparent. However, EVM techniques are always used for the underlying calculations. Preparation Setting up Agile EVM is similar to a simple implementation of EVM with the following preparation steps: 1. All project work is gathered as work items (i.e. Stories or Requirements) and managed in a single ordered list (i.e. Prioritized Requirements List or Product Backlog); 2. Planned Value is determined by estimating the relative size of a work item compared to other items. Story Points are used as the unit of measurement for PV and EV; 3. The one, and only, earning rule is that when a work item is done then the corresponding Story Points for a work item are earned. To agree what "done" means, project teams establish and share a Definition of Done, listing all criteria a work item has to comply with before it's considered done. To mitigate project risks, no partially done work items are ever considered. Practices Figure 6: Release Burndown Chart for Agile EVM with scope increase using the Agile Compass.[12] Agile EVM is now all about executing the project and tracking the accumulated EV according to the simple earning rule. Because Agile EVM has been evolving for many...
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...CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 1.0 Introduction The literature reviews the various literatures that underline the study of training and development in firms both in the public and private sector and its effect on performance. In this chapter, I discussed the literature on agile project management and its benefits and challenges by considering definitions and theories of agile project management, principles and empirical literature. 2.1 Project management and agile project management defined 2.1.1 Project management According to Kerzner (2009, 10th ed.) project management is the planning, directing and controlling of company resources for a relatively short-term objective that has been established to complete specific goals and objectives. Project management also utilizes the system approach to management by having functional personnel (vertical hierarchy) assigned to a specific project (horizontal hierarchy). Project Management Institute (2004, pp.5-377) also defined project management as the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet or exceed stakeholder objectives and expectations from a particular project” and according to ISO 10006 project management is the planning, organizing, monitoring and controlling all aspects and activities of the project in a continuous process to achieve its planned objectives”. Basically, project management deals with coordinating resources and managing people and change. Managing a project...
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...In this post, I would like to expand upon benefits and illustrate why they are compelling reasons to consider Agile. These benefits of agile software development include: Stakeholder Engagement Agile provides multiple opportunities for stakeholder and team engagement – before, during, and after each Sprint. By involving the client in every step of the project, there is a high degree of collaboration between the client and project team, providing more opportunities for the team to truly understand the client’s vision. Delivering working software early and frequently increases stakeholders' trust in the team's ability to deliver high-quality working software and encourages them to be more deeply engaged in the project. Transparency An Agile approach provides a unique opportunity for clients to be involved throughout the project, from prioritizing features to iteration planning and review sessions to frequent software builds containing new features. However, this also requires clients to understand that they are seeing a work in progress in exchange for this added benefit of transparency. Early and Predictable Delivery By using time-boxed, fixed schedule Sprints of 1-4 weeks, new features are delivered quickly and frequently, with a high level of predictability. This also provides the opportunity to release or beta test the software earlier than planned if there is sufficient business value. Predictable Costs and Schedule Because each Sprint is a fixed duration, the...
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...AGILE PROJECT MANAGEMENT "On February 11-13, 2001, at The Lodge at Snowbird ski resort in the Wasatch mountains of Utah, seventeen people met to talk, ski, relax, and try to find common ground... What emerged was the Agile Software Development Manifesto." (www.agilemanifesto.org) The precursor to Agile project management was the brainchild of Dr. Winston Royce. Introduced in his 1970 treatise, “Managing the Development of Large Software Systems,”1 Dr. Royce presented a 5-point rebuttal of the sequential development Waterfall Model, which had been the status quo for project managment. The waterfall model views a process as a series of steps cascading downwards as shown in the illustration below: Fig. 1: The Waterfall Model Originating in industries concerned with complex physical structures such as skyscrapers, vehicles, and machines, the waterfall model suited these type of projects. The underslying assumption was that late-stage modifications were constrained by the high costs and difficulties inherent in physically modifying a large, complex structure after construction or assembly had begun. The first sequential project management protocol is attributed to Walther Shewhart at Bell Labs, who coined the phrase "Plan-Do-Study-Act"2 in the 1930s. His ideas were advanced in the following decade by the so-called "father of the post-war Japanese industrial renaissance",3 William Edwards Demings, Bell and...
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...Executive Summary The report covers the Agile development methods, what they are and how they are beneficial and help maintain desired levels of quality by keeping room for change in the system that may be requested by the client. We identify the problems of existing techniques and problems faced by those techniques in the current environment. We also compare dominant techniques such as the Waterfall development model with Agile methods to show how Agile methods are advantageous in the current dynamic business environment. The report also occurs Lean software development, what it is and the common areas that it has with Agile development. How using both the methods can result in even faster delivery of product to the customer and help reduce costs incurred during defect detection and correction, identification of common error categories and giving developers more responsibility increases better quality code and building of knowledge base. Table of Contents Executive Summary......................................................................................................................................1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................1 Problem Identification...................................................................................................................................1 Agile development Technique............................
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...Agile Project Management What is Agile Management? According to “Information Technology Project Management” it is defined as “being able to move quickly and easily, but some people fell that project management, as they have seen it used, does not allow people to work quickly or easily.” Agile can be used for software development or in any environment in which the requirements are unknown or can quickly change. The agile approach during the triple constraint phase sets the time, and cost goals but leaves scope goals flexible so the project sponsors or product owners can prioritize and reprioritize the work that needs to be completed. (infotechprojmngt) Using an agile development model, you still do the same type of work as you would use a traditional waterfall model: You create requirements and designs, you develop your product, and you integrate your product with other products as necessary. You test the product, fix any problems, and deploy it for use. However, instead of tackling all the steps for all of your product features at once, you break the project into iterations (smaller segments of the overall project), called sprints. While there are several process differences between traditional project management and agile, the most significant shift is from hierarchal-based responsibility and task assignment in favor of the “self-organized” team-based approach. Traditionally, the onus for project success has resided with the project manager by creating, communicating and executing...
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...------------------------------------------------- Challenges in moving over to Agile methodology in Tata Steel ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Agile software development Agile software development is a group of software development methods in which solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing,[1] cross-functional teams. It promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development, early delivery, continuous improvement, and encourages rapid and flexible response to change.[2] The Manifesto for Agile Software Development,[3] also known as the Agile Manifesto, was first proclaimed in 2001, The Agile Manifesto[edit] In February 2001, 17 software developers (see below) met at the Snowbird resort in Utah to discuss lightweight development methods. Individuals and interactions over Processes and tools Working software over Comprehensive documentation Customer collaboration over Contract negotiation Responding to change over Following a plan Agile principles[edit] The Agile Manifesto is based on 12 principles:[14] 1. Customer satisfaction by early and continuous delivery of useful software 2. Welcome changing requirements, even late in development 3. Working software is delivered frequently (weeks rather than months) 4. Close, daily cooperation between business people and developers 5. Projects are built around motivated individuals, who should be trusted 6. Face-to-face conversation...
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...Agile Process Agile process is a collection of software development methods that encourages a software development team to be adaptable to constant change in project requirement. It requires stakeholders communicate to each other regularly, prioritize required features, develop working software in iteration, and design the system to handle quick response to change. To adapt agile methodologies, customer representatives, managers and software developers need to sit in close proximity to build consensus. The working environment typically equipped with whiteboards that are used for brainstorming, design sessions and displaying information related to the project. Throughout the project, the team uses limited formal documentation to record all design and software changes. Such environment stimulates communication, and empowers stakeholders to make tough business, people and technical decisions as project progresses. In addition, it allows the team to have short and effective daily standup meeting (scrum) to share their daily work process and roadblocks. In agile process, all stakeholders work together to evaluate and priorities all features that customer wants. Customer representatives write high level description of individual functions they want in a given software feature (user stories) and work with software development team to finalize and prioritize them. Throughout the iterative design and implementation phase of these features, the development team will evaluate...
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...Case Study:- Agile Methodology is one of the best practices which is brought into consideration with respect to the practical purpose as well as in terms of theoretical bases. One of the benefits which is observed while adapting agile methodologies in the companies is that software development process takes place quickly, meeting customer needs is fulfilled, and keeping pace with the rapidly changing requirements can be done easily. However, agile practices and Scrum in particular have been mainly tested in mid- to large-size projects. One of the case studies adopting agile practices in a small-scale, time-intensive web development project at a college-level IT competition is discussed. IT-Competition:- Case study focuses on a project in the Web Application Development category at a college-level Competition. A team of 3-5 students were given an assignment of developing a community-based code review web site to work on within a two-week time period. Implementing Effective Scrum Practices:- a) Daily Scrum:-Daily Scrum was used for the purpose of effective communication. The team adopted means of communications such as Skype, or video conferencing or any other means of communication so that they could discuss their work done, any new ideas that needed to be implemented and also the outstanding task that needed to be done. The team daily used to have communication among their team members and used to discuss their work. b) Backlogs:-The Scrum method uses two types of backlogs...
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...located here. You may also view the article at http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/Primavera.pdf. Next, use the Internet to research Primavera’s business development since the publication of this case study in 2004. This is one of the classic case studies on the manner in which an organization adopts agile project management and makes the organization more competitive and successful. It highlights the best practices and critical success factors that contribute to turn around of the organization’s entire development organization in an amazing way. Write a five to six (5-6) page paper in which you: Identify the problems with Primavera’s development organization prior to its adoption of agile strategies. Determine whether or not Primavera should consider agile techniques to solve its problems. Justify your response. Evaluate the effectiveness of Primavera’s strategies and steps on adopting agile methodologies. Examine the major challenges that Primavera was facing at its first attempt with agile project management. Evaluate the effectiveness of the methods Primavera used to mitigate those challenges. Speculate on the fundamental reasons why the agile methodology that Primavera used produced better and bigger business values than traditional project management methodologies. Provide a rationale for your response. Provide an overview of Primavera’s business development since the publication of this case study in 2004. Analyze agile’s continued impact on Primavera’s...
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...SDLC and Agile Methodologies Ricardo E. Reyes BSA/375 February 10, 2014 Michael James, IT Program Instructor SDLC/Agile Methodology Differences The Systems Development Life Cycle, better known as the SDLC, is an Information System development method which is founded upon its four fundamental phases: * * Planning * Analysis (& Design) * Design * Implementation Although these four phases are sometimes approached in a few different ways, the basic concept remains the same; each phase of the development method is addressed in a typical SDLC approach. The approach may sometimes be done consecutively, incrementally, or in other manners dependant on the situation. SDLC methodology is better suited for larger projects, in addition to a larger audience. Although this process requires as much input as possible (during the Analysis phase) from people who will work directly with the new system, this same requirement will normally diminish as the development process continues with the rest of the other phases. In comparison, the Agile methodologies are a collection of alternate (more fluid and adaptive) approaches made from several different system development methods. A document by the name of The Agile Manifesto addresses these common aspects of the various methodologies under the Agile Methodologies umbrella. One of the key principles which constitute a specific methodology as part of the Agile Methodology would be that the methodology will be very...
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...Agile Project Management What are the Benefits and Challenges? What is Agile Project Management? ○ Agile Project Management is family of incremental, iterative development methods for Completing Projects What is Agile Project Management? ○ Agile project management is related to a rolling wave and scheduling product Methodology ( Larson, 594) ○ This type of project management allows more things to get completed using the same people and resources. What is Agile Project Management? ○ This type of project management allows more things to get completed using the same people and resources. Agile Project Management When the project team makes the change from traditional project management to agile project management there will be some adaption of the process needed by the team. The team will need to change their entire thought process. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=ioYMSyCCVgc ○ The use of communication in agile project management ○ Communication is the Key process in Agile Project management Communication ○ Customer Involvement helps to make sure that the customer is satisfied with the project on each step of the process. ○ Stakeholders and Business owners may initiate a project but may not actually do any of the work Iterations ○ Agile project management users Iterations ○ Iterations are short time frames that typically last from one to four weeks in length Variety of...
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...Primavera Gets Agile School CIS/525 Instructor November 22, 2014 Primavera Gets Agile There is always a best practice and critical success factors an organization can adopt to turn the organization’s entire development organization around in the most amazing way. Prior to adopting agile project management, Primavera development organization experienced problems. Agile techniques should be considered when solving such problems while implementing strategies in adopting agile methodologies. There will be challenges and obstacles that Primavera will face when transitioning to agile project management, but with hard work, these obstacles can be tackled. From since 2004, Agile has continued to have an impact on Primavera project management and its economic growth. Problems prior to Agile Some may look at a company like Primavera and think that they had all the necessary software to operate flawlessly, but that was never the case. While scuffling like everyone else, Primavera once maintained the tradition waterfall development approach with a team working tirelessly to dispense high-quality services to a growing and diverse market, as swiftly as possible. In an attempt to complete projects on time, team members had to follow a typical cycle that demanded late hours and weekends. Project managers basically used what was called a command-and-control philosophy. In other words, only managers made decisions without consulting or getting input from their team. This cause the relationship...
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