...These advances in agriculture took place during the Agricultural Revolution. The Agricultural Revolution was a time period when people’s knowledge of agriculture was increased to a point where they were able to revolutionize the agricultural industry. This time started during the 1000’s and went on until the 1200’s (Butler). The Europeans made many advances in this time, such as they made newer inventions that would benefit the world for years. Some of these inventions were remodeled and used still to this day. They also created jobs that would provide a better life for the people of Europe. These jobs would help people come in contact with more people than they usually would, and ultimately have a more social...
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...of agricultural export revenues. Soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas, poultry, fish and seafood are growing. Vietnam's agricultural exports are vulnerable to international price fluctuations because these exports are largely commodity based. Vietnam's agricultural fishing and forestry industries together produce over US$3 billion of goods annually. Roughly 55% of Vietnam's workforce is employed in agriculture. Commensurate with economic development, the sector had gone from a 25% share of GDP to less than 20% in 2008. Farm products accounted for 22% of the country's income in 2008, down sharply from 50% in 2005. Finally 17% of all of its exports are related to the agricultural, fisheries or food processing industries, down from 55% in 2006. Despite the trend, agriculture will continue to be very important as it raises the productivity of the 70% of Vietnam's population that lives in rural areas. Traditionally, Vietnam has protected agricultural market with regulations and high tariffs. Vietnam's WTO accession reduced tariffs and led to sharp increases in imports ($7.3 billion in agricultural goods by 2008). Key agricultural imports include dairy, tobacco and grain (wheat) to meet consumer demand, while other major agricultural imports, such as fertilizer, animal feed and pesticides support Vietnam's large agricultural sector. The key staples of the Vietnamese diet (fish and rice) are produced in abundance domestically and have naturally limited agricultural imports...
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...crowds the middle aisles, and in the freezer case you can find “home meal replacements” in every conceivable ethnic stripe, demanding nothing more of the eater than opening the package and waiting for the microwave to chirp. Considered in the long sweep of human history, in which getting food dominated not just daily life but economic and political life as well, having to worry about food as little as we do, or did, seems almost a kind of dream. The dream that the age-old “food problem” had been largely solved for most Americans was sustained by the tremendous postwar increases in the productivity of American farmers, made possible by cheap fossil fuel (the key ingredient in both chemical fertilizers and pesticides) and changes in agricultural policies. Asked by President Nixon to try to drive down the cost of food after it had spiked in...
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...NAME: Fatmah Ibrahim CLASS: SS 3A SUBJECT: Economics Topic: The Effect of subsidy in Nigeria Economy THE EFFECTS OF SUBSIDY IN NIGERIA ECONOMY. DEFINATION A subsidy is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributed as subventions in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry (e.g., as a result of continuous unprofitable operations) or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor (as in the case of a wage subsidy). Examples are subsidies to encourage the sale of exports; subsidies on some foods to keep down the cost of living, especially in urban areas; and subsidies to encourage the expansion of farm production and achieve self-reliance in food production.[1] EFFECTS OF SUBSIDY REMOVAL In a country of power instability the removal of fuel subsidy has triggered double in the price of fuel . 1. increased price of fuel and other petroleum product 2. increase in transport fares 3. increased price of food products. The Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) has listed some of the adverse effects of the Federal Government's recent policy to deregulate the nation's downstream oil sector LCCI, in a statement, said the policy has led to fresh inflationary pressures resulting from sharp increases in transportation cost, high inflationary expectations across all sectors of the economy, and a devastating impact on the psyche of the common people...
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...Connection between Poverty and Obesity English 135 DeVry University Farm subsidy payments are over $10 billion and are authorized to make payments to people “who aren’t even farmers anymore” (Morgan, Gaul, Cohen, 2006, para. 3). This has been going on, in some cases, over 10 years (para. 6). As long as you owned the farmland, you don’t even have to be growing anything and you would continue to receive a subsidy check (para. 3). Bottom line is all these billions of dollars in government subsidies contribute to lowering the cost of processed foods; not a good occurrence if you have low-income and cannot afford the high cost of healthier foods. The processed foods are so cheap to buy and are the unhealthiest that can be consumed by any human being. They are high-density, high-calorie, high-fat junk food that the unfortunate and less-advantaged part of our society has no choice but to buy because it is all they can afford. Studies show a strong connection between poverty and obesity, the government should appoint a task force to regulate and limit or repeal farm subsidies and overproduction of certain agriculture commodities like corn that is used to create highly processed, cheaply priced, high-calorie, high-density “junk foods”, so that prices of natural whole foods can once again be competitive and give the low-income consumers healthier food choices, thus contributing to the reduction of obesity. The U.S. budget for government financial subsidies to U.S...
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...clients. Customer satisfaction surveys are used in Florida to collect data about these attributes. It is also important to understand how employee performance affects customer satisfaction. Our findings show that customer satisfaction was not significantly influenced by agent performance and that Florida Cooperative Extension benefits from the experience of its workforce. Given the importance of customer satisfaction as Extension's performance measure for the Florida Legislature, we suggest that administrators should emphasize customer satisfaction as a major factor in employee performance scores. Bryan D. Terry Coordinator, Statistical Research bterry@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Glenn D. Israel Professor gdi@mail.ifas.ufl.edu Department of Agricultural Education and Communication University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Introduction Given the importance of ensuring program relevance, quality, and impacts, as well as the use of customer satisfaction surveys in accountability, understanding the relationship that exists between employee performance and customer satisfaction is critical to identifying how well an organization is fulfilling its mission. Thus, Cooperative Extension must deliver relevant, high-quality programs that, in turn, help improve the lives of clients (Ladewig, 1999). In Florida, these attributes (relevance, quality, and impact) are measured, in part, using a statewide customer satisfaction survey. The survey includes questions about clients' experience with...
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...Abstract This paper will analyze the justification and effectiveness of government subsidies. This paper will discuss an industry that is subsidized by the U.S. government and address the following: why the U.S. government subsidizes the industry, how the subsidy alters the market outcome, who gains and who loses from the government intervention, any beggar-thy-neighbor issues, and why the subsidy is or is not justified. Introduction Many industries rely on government assistance in both good times and bad. “The potential micro and macro failures of the marketplace provide specific justifications for government intervention” (Schiller, 2010). Government interventions “encompass a wide range of regulatory, fiscal, tax, and legal actions that modify the rights and responsibilities of various parties in society. Interventions can increase or decrease costs to particular groups, effectively acting either as a subsidy or as a tax” (Subsidies and Market Interventions, 2013). Since the 1930’s the government’s role has assumed more responsibilities including “maintaining macroeconomic stability, protecting the environment, and safeguarding the public’s health” (Schiller, 2010). Government Intervention A government subsidy is defined as “monetary assistance granted by a government to a person or group in support of an enterprise regarded as being in the public interest” (Subsidy, 2013). An example of an industry that is subsidized by the U.S. government is the energy market...
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...led by Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Fisheries and Forestry, Hubert Emmanuel, who served as Master of Ceremonies (MC). Deputy Permanent Secretary, Mrs. Sonia Monrose delivered welcome remarks to an expectant audience. She noted that agro-processing serves to enhance food security; while improving the value chain by transforming primary agricultural produce making them ready-vacuum-packed for our busy housewives, house-husbands, restaurants, hotels, motels, supermarkets and other retail outlets throughout Saint Lucia.The Chairman of the Saint Lucia Marketing Board (SLMB), Mr. Stephen Best, pointed out that the Fond Assau Agro-Processing Centre, is a momentous occasion reflecting the foresight and vision of the Minister of Agriculture, Ezechiel Joseph; and by extension, the Stephenson King Administration. He said the SLMB is pleased to be associated with this facility from which the synergies expected would definitely redound to the national interest in the agricultural diversification drive. Mr. Best said, to implement the new mandate, the SLMB will be rebranded to the National Agricultural Clearing House to be shortly relocated near the IRDC...
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...Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UN Women Women are the backbone of the development of rural and national economies. They comprise 43% of the world’s agricultural labor force, which rises to 70% in some countries. In Africa, 80% of the agricultural production comes from small farmers, who are mostly rural women. Women comprise the largest percentage of the workforce in the agricultural sector, but do not have access and control over all land and productive resources. During the last ten years, many African countries have adopted new land laws in order to strengthen women’s land ownership rights. This has helped improve the situation of rural women. To this effect, the lack of appreciation of the role of rural women in agriculture is harmful and gives rise to a lack of specific policies, policies which are misdirected, high levels of poverty, illiteracy and non-involvement in the design and planning of programs and policies, which involves a process of mutual learning that reflects the real and specific needs of rural women. Despite the important roles they play in agricultural economies, rural women in Africa suffer from the highest illiteracy rates and are the most visible face of poverty. Women guarantee livelihoods, especially in rural areas. As a result of their great efforts in agricultural production, women’s production helps to guarantee their self-sustenance. This is still not enough, however,...
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...Boeing versus Airbus: The ‘endless’ crusade for continuation of subsidy! (A case study) Case reviewer: Angelica Sharma* Brought up in a family in which my parents were always ready to help anyone, closely or even remotely related to them, but not without being duly satisfied about the urgency, righteousness / desirability of assistance (mostly financial) that was asked for, I have, overtime, come to view non-market incentives like subsidies, grants and tariffs from a mind-set that I have found moulded in their company. I look upon my parents as really great protagonists of market-economy without undermining their sense of sympathy and concern for the hapless lot around them in that country, they proudly refer to as India. They always made a distinction between who deserved and who did not deserve the favour that has been asked for. And also, they were particular to find out when, in what form, how much and for how long the assistance, if any, was to be there. Strangely, even to day, they remorsefully recall the few instances of having wasted their scarce productive resources on individuals who, they later-on found, never wanted to be on their own. But they did learn a lesson from these experiences. I have grown in such family environment of respect for merit, hard work and self-pride. It is endowed with this sense that I intend to ponder over the Boeing-Airbus subsidy-related trade-rift and comment on the perceptions, policies, arguments and counter-arguments...
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...Agricultural Extension in India Booklet No. 380 Agricultural Extension Education: AEES-4 Content Preface I. Introduction II. Pre-Independence Era III. Post-Independence Era IV. Motivation V. Extension Methodology in India VI. Training of Extension Personnel VII. Extension Organization in India VIII. Extension and Women IX. Extension and Rural Youth X. Emerging Thoughts in Extension Preface Agricultural extension is an educational process which has its goal to help the rural people to build a better life by conveying the useful and needed information at appropriate time. It is essential for agricultural development. It plays a major part in technology transfer to the rural areas. Though the concept of agricultural extension started in early 16th century but the actual functioning started only after the second world war. Dr. K. T. Chandy, Agricultural & Environmental Education I. Introduction Agricultural extension is a branch of agriculture which assists the farmers to bring about continuous improvement in their physical, economic and social well being through individual and cooperative efforts. In other words, it helps in the development of an individual and the village community as a whole. It makes available to the farming community the scientific and technical information, training and guidance to solve the problems in agriculture including animal husbandry, gardening, horticulture, silviculture, agricultmal engineering...
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...WHO REALLY BENEFITS FROM AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES? EVIDENCE FROM FIELD-‐LEVEL DATA Barrett Kirwan University of Maryland Michael J. Roberts North Carolina State University February 2010 [Preliminary and Incomplete] ABSTRACT The idea that agricultural subsidies are fully capitalized into farmland values forms the foundation of the argument that subsidies are entitlements and removing them would drastically reduce farmland asset values. Surprisingly little evidence substantiates this claim. Using field-‐level data and explicitly controlling for potentially confounding variables we find that landlords only capture between 14 – 24 cents of the marginal subsidy dollar. The duration of the rental arrangement has a substantial effect on the incidence. Initially, landlords extract 44 cents of the marginal subsidy dollar, but the incidence falls by 1.5 cents with each additional year of ...
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...1. Definition of privatize verb [with object] * transfer (a business, industry, or service) from public to private ownership and control: they were opposed to plans to privatize electricity and water 2. Definition of service noun * 1 [mass noun] the action of helping or doing work for someone: 3. Definition of harmonize verb [with object] * 1add notes to (a melody) to produce harmony: 4. Definition of exchange noun * 1an act of giving one thing and receiving another (especially of the same kind) in return: 5. Definition of market noun 1a regular gathering of people for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other commodities: they wanted to brows 6. Definition of currency noun (plural currencies) * 1a system of money in general use in a particular country: * e around the street market 7. Definition of devastating adjective * 1highly destructive or damaging: a devastating cyclone 8. Definition of productivity noun [mass noun] * the state or quality of being productive: the long-term productivity of land 9. Definition of graduate noun Pronunciation: /ˈgradʒʊət, -djʊət/ * a person who has successfully completed a course of study or training, especially a person who has been awarded an undergraduate or first academic degree. * North American a person who has received a high-school diploma. 10. Definition of influence noun * 1 [mass noun] the capacity to have an effect...
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...The US policy for cotton subsidies has affected the market internationally and domestically, united stated by producing 19 percent of world cotton production is one of the most influence country in cotton market. Although there is argument weather US should cut their subsidies on cotton or not but cutting the subsidies and replacing with the new recommended program has much greater benefit for the cotton market domestically and internationally. However the supporter of US subsidies believe that current program supports domestic farmers ,but according to below chart only 10 % of US farmer are enjoying the benefits of cotton subsidies. Eliminating billions of dollars in federal subsidies to American cotton growers each year would make competitive environment for domestic farmer to be more productive and grow plants efficiently. In addition it cause raise in prices by about 10 percent which improve the incomes of millions of poor cotton farmers in Africa especially in Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Chad. The reductions in developed country cotton subsidies as a means to fight rural poverty in the developing world, the added income would help families feed and educate millions of children. This statement is very good reason that Congress should cut cotton subsidies. Current Cotton Subsidies Program and its consequences: The main forms of subsidy includes: (1) direct payments to farmers and landlords; (2) price supports implemented with government purchases and storage; (3)...
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...million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula in 2010. Malaysia is the 67th largest country, with a land area of 329,847 square kilometers (127,355 sq mi). It has land borders with Thailandin West Malaysia, and Indonesia and Brunei in East Malaysia. Malaysia Agricultural sector contributes 12 % to nation’s GDP and employing 16% of total population of Malaysia, various crops such as rubber, palm oil, cocoa, bananas, coconuts, durian, pineapples, rice, rambutan are grown. Malaysia has started organic farming in fruits and vegetables and has come up with logo "Organic Malaysia". When we consider agriculture sector, country like Malaysia is world's main exporter of natural palm oil and rubber, which combine with saw wood and sawn cocoa, timber, pepper,t imber, tobacco and pineapple lead the growth of the sector. The First National Agricultural Policy (1984-1991) was drafted in response to the inability of previous policies to eradicate poverty and sluggish performance of the agriculture sector as the country’s engine of economic growth. The Second National Agricultural Policy (1992-2010) and The Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010) updates the policy to reflect current economic challenges and realities. In total, the agriculture sector contributed RM42b amounting to 9.5% of Malaysia’s GDP in 2004. During the period 2000-2012 the growth of the manufacturing...
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