...Job Satisfaction I tend to agree with a lot of the statements in this article. I especially like the part where the one nurse wrote, “Please take the busyness of patients into account when scheduling.” This finding corresponds with Oermann and Moffitt-Wolf’s (1997) observation that new graduates experienced stress during orientation due to lack of experience, lack of organizational skills, and new situations. (Halfer & Graf, 2006) The inability to handle the intense working environment, advanced technology, and high patient acuity results in new graduate nurse turnover rates of 35% to 60%. All of this occurs within the first year of employment. Turnover has an inverse relationship to job satisfaction. As job satisfaction increases turnover decreases. Many factors influence the satisfaction of new graduates. (Halfer & Graf, 2006) New graduate nurses are leaving their current positions at an alarmingly higher rate than experienced nurses (Patterson, 2009) I do believe things can be done to change these issues. I feel it is important, though it is not always practical to involve the new staff in the scheduling process and, as the article states, include as a “Team scheduling” process, rather than a “self scheduling”. This may make more people feel involved, and although it may not solve all of the issues, such as weekends or holidays, it may be a small change that will improve job satisfaction. I wish they had something like this on the unit I work on. We...
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...US006785889B1 (12) United States Patent Williams (10) Patent N0.: US 6 9 785 9 889 B1 (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 31, 2004 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SCHEDULING BANDWIDTH RESOURCES USINGA KALMAN ESTIMATOR WITH ACTIVE FEEDBACK 6,003,062 A * 12/1999 Greenberg et a1. ........ .. 709/104 6,105,053 A * 6,189,022 B1 * 6,263,358 B1 * 8/2000 Kimmel et a1. ..... .. 2/2001 Binns ............. .. 7/2001 Lee et a1. .... .. 709/105 709/100 .. 709/100 Inventor: Peter Williams, * Cited examiner (73) Assignee: Aurema, Inc., Cupertino, CA (US) _ _ _ _ Primary Examiner—Jack B. Harvey ( * ) Notice: SubJect to any disclaimer,~ the term of this Patent 15 extended or adlusted under 35 U'S'C' 154(k)) by 816 days‘ Assistant Examiner_Hai V_ Nguyen (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Michael Hetherington; Nick Ulman; Woodside IP Group (21) Appl. N0.: 09/596,026 (22) Filed: (51) Int C17 (52) U ' ' (57) G06F 9/00 709040 ’ ’ 718/106’ ABSTRACT Jun. 15, 2000 A community of collaborative software agents Works together in a domain to provide functionality such as pro vision of communications services or control of a chemical process. A scheduler is built into each collaborative agent Ci """""""""""" ' """"""""""" " (58) (56) Field of Search """"""""" ’ 709/104 229 718/104; 106’ ’ Which schedules tasks allocated to that particular agent and tasks sub-allocated by the agent. The scheduler has a mecha nism for over-booking...
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...Evaluation of the Orientation Program Question 1 Strengths · Once Simpson had accepted the job she was given a map of BANTEX Electronics and instructed to report to the company meeting room Monday at 8:30 am. Simpson was left well informed of where to go and when to be there, she was also given a map to help guide her to the designated room. · The orientation procedure was well organised · The orientation program contained a lot of information about the company and it processes; a company handbook was produced for later referral. · After orientation Simpson felt enthusiastic about her new employer. · During the orientation there is a chance for clarification. Weaknesses · Simpson felt she had been given a tremendous amount of information to digest in a very short time · Simpson wasn't sure which parts of the information she had been given, that needed to be known right away. · Simpson felt anxious after the orientation about her impending job responsibilities. · Simpson wasn't told who too contact if she had further questions or queries. You need to ensure that you clearly identify what are strengths and what are weaknesses – the easiest way is to have sub- headings The most important part of this question (other than of course identifying what the strengths and the weaknesses are – is to explain WHY!!! At the Diploma level, you are expected to demonstrate your analytical skills – so there is no point just saying what the issue is – you need to explain why...
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...A Road Map Through Nachos Thomas Narten Department of Computer Sciences Levine Science Research Center Duke University Box 90129 Durham, N.C. 27708-0129 narten@cs.duke.edu January 4, 1995 Abstract Nachos is instructional software that allows students to examine, modify and execute operating system software. Nachos provides a skeletal operating system that supports threads, user-level processes, virtual memory and interrupt-driven input output devices. Nachos is a complex piece of software and it is di cult for beginning students (and instructors) to easily gain on overall understanding of the various system pieces and how they t together. This document provides a road map to understanding the Nachos system. It gives a high-level overview of the source code, focusing on the big picture rather than on the details. It is not intended as a replacement for reading the source code. Rather, it is a companion that is intended to help students (and instructors) overcome the initial learning curve encountered when learning and using the system. Contents 1 Introduction to Nachos 2 Nachos Machine 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Machine Components : : : : : : Interrupt Management : : : : : Real-Time Clock Interrupts : : Address Translation : : : : : : : 2.4.1 Linear Page Tables : : : 2.4.2 Software Managed TLB 2.5 Console Device : : : : : : : : : 2.6 Disk Device : : : : : : : : : : : 1 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :...
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...allocate and schedule and the foundation of operation system architecture. (2)Process is a data structure to represent the inherent laws of dynamic system clearly and manage and schedule the run of program efficiently in the main memory of computer system. 2. (1)Thread is the minimum unit to operate and schedule in the operation system and it is the actual execution unit in the process. (2)Thread manage the file and control the communication in servers and deal with foreground and background program asynchronously. 3. The difference between process and thread are as follows: (1) The address space and other resources of different processes are independent, however, different threads share the resources in a process. (2) Process communicate with other processes under IPC, however, threads can read and write the data segment in process to communicate with each other. (3) The switch of context in thread is much faster than that in process. (4) Process is not a executable entity in a multithreaded operation system, but thread is. 4. Benefits: (1) It is easier to schedule and manage with process and thread. (2) It can be easy and efficient to achieve concurrency through threads. Process can create multiple threads to execute different parts of the same program. (3)It can develop the function of multi-processors fully and enable the concurrency of programs through the creation of multithreaded...
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...Homework #2 43. Measurements of a certain system have shown that the average process runs for a time T before blocking on I/O. A process switch requires a time S, which is effectively wasted (overhead). For round-robin scheduling with quantum Q, give a formula for the CPU efficiency for each of the following: a. Q=∞ Answer: No involuntary context switches will occur. Each process will pay 1 context switch per CPU burst. Efficiency=TT+S b. Q>T Answer: As long as the quantum Q is larger than T, then no involuntary context switches will occur. Efficiency=TT+S c. S<Q<T Answer: Efficiency=QQ+S d. Q=S Answer: Efficiency=QQ+S=Q=50% e. Q nearly 0 Answer: Efficiency=0% 44. Five jobs are waiting to be run. Their expected run times are 9, 6, 3, 5, and X. In what order should they be run to minimize average response time? (Your answer will depend on X.) Answer: For X, 3, 5, 6, 9 order: 0<X≤3 For 3, X, 5, 6, 9 order: 3<X≤5 For 3, 5, X, 6, 9 order: 5<X≤6 For 3, 5, 6, X, 9 order: 6<X≤9 For 3, 5, 6, 9, X order: 9<X 45. Five batch jobs. A through E, arrive at a computer center at almost the same time. They have estimated running times of 10, 6, 2, 4, and 8 minutes. Their (externally determined) priorities are 3, 5, 2, 1, and 4, respectively, with 5 being the highest priority. For each of the following scheduling algorithms, determine the mean process turnaround time. Ignore process switching overhead...
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...concurrent processing adds to an OS. (10 points) Answer) 1. Processes and system resources should protected from each other. 2. More than one process executing concurrently for protect performance degradation 3. It occurs deadlocks. So you can m Chapter 4: 4. Provide a programming example where multithreading does not provide better performance than a single-threaded solution. (5 points) Answer) Sequential program is not good at threaded. So example is Shell program. 5. Can a multithreaded solution using multiple user-level threads achieve better performance on a multiprocessor system than on a single-processor system? How does this change if kernel-level threads are used? Explain. (10 points) Answer) multiple user-level threads cannot make different processors in multiprocessor system at the same time. So, it shows lower performance. But If change kernel-level threads, it can make different processors at the same time. It is good at multiprocessor system Chapter 5 complications 6. Discuss how the following pairs of scheduling criteria conflict in certain settings. (15 points) a....
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...2.5 SCHEDULING When a computer is multiprogrammed, it frequently has multiple processes competing for the CPU at the same time. This situation occurs whenever two or more processes are simultaneously in the ready state. If only one CPU is available, a choice has to be made which process to run next. The part of the operating system that makes the choice is called the scheduler and the algorithm it uses is called the scheduling algorithm. These topics form the subject matter of the following sections. Many of the same issues that apply to process scheduling also apply to thread scheduling, although some are different. Initially we will focus on process scheduling. Later on we will explicitly look at thread scheduling. 2.5.1 Introduction to Scheduling Back in the old days of batch systems with input in the form of card images on a magnetic tape, the scheduling algorithm was simple: just run the next job on the tape. With timesharing systems, the scheduling algorithm became more complex because there were generally multiple users waiting for service. Some mainframes still combine batch and timesharing service, requiring the scheduler to decide whether a batch job or an interactive user at a terminal should go next. (As an aside, a batch job may be a request to run multiple programs in succession, but for this section, we will just assume it is a request to run a single program.) Because CPU time is a scarce resource on these machines, a good scheduler can make a big difference in...
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...Report On “SLG Unit -3” Duration: 13th may to 16th may 2013 GROUP MEMBERS: Name: MD Mahamudul Hasan ID: 122 MD Mahamudul Hasan Morshed ID: 165 Submission Date: 25th may 2013 S/N Topics Date Time Page 1 Splitting 13-May-2013 08:00am-10:00am 2 2 Skiving 13-May-2013 10:00am-01:00pm 2 3 Net Cutting 13-May-2013 02:00pm-4:00pm 4 4 Button attaching 13-May-2013 4:00pm-05:00pm 4 5 Inspection & Sorting 14-May-2013 08:00am-10:00am 5 6 Edge Colour 14-May-2013 10:00am-01:00pm 5 7 Marking 14-May-2013 02:00pm-5:00pm 6 8 Embossing 7 9 Table Dock Table Assembly Table Finishing Table Inspection Table 15-May-2013 08:00am-09:00am 09:00am-03:00pm 03:00pm-04:00pm 04:00pm-05:00pm 8 10 Sewing 16-May-2013 08:00am-01:00pm 12 11 Packing 16-May-2013 02:00pm-05:00pm 13 12 Manpower: Product Quality: Problems: Suggestion: 13 Table of Content Main Sections of SLG UNIT-3 1. Splitting No of machine: 1 Function: Separation of component Through its length. Process control (Work To be done before Splitting): • Check the band knife, if it is in proper position. • Ensure that the band knife is sharp enough and the width of the knife is above 15mm • Choose the right top bar or guide roller to set the require thickness • Choose the right speed of feeding. • Check the grinding, it should not be in contact with knife while starting the machine • Perform with waste materials Acceptance Criteria ...
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...Program Planning and Grant Proposal HSM 270 Program Planning and Grant Proposal Working in human service fields certain individuals within the agency will be investing their time on program planning and grant proposals. Program planning is the first step in planning of a particular program in which needs funds. Program planning is a process with objectives, setting up goals and evaluation of all statistical data is measured. In this process of program planning; the team illustrates where a program or service might be needed in the community or city. It is a plan that someone or a group puts together so that the program function thoroughly. After careful ideas are secure in laid out on paper a grant proposal is the next step. The grant proposal must address the grantor’s goals, objectives and their main priorities. Through specific and clearly defined detailed information within the proposal would it be considered by the funders to be addressed. An application for a grant should include the following detailed information: 1. Table of contents 2. Abstract 3. Specific goals 4. Targeted area 5. Evaluation plan 6. Budget and budget justification 7. Community support Grants use the same basic information as with the planning of a program so that it can be approved. This process is one of the similarities between grant proposals and program planning. One difference is that a grant is a plan for money and a program plan is ideas that someone...
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...Chapter 5: CPU Scheduling Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Chapter 5: CPU Scheduling Basic Concepts Scheduling Criteria Scheduling Algorithms Thread Scheduling Multiple-Processor Scheduling Operating Systems Examples Algorithm Evaluation Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.2 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Objectives To introduce CPU scheduling, which is the basis for multiprogrammed operating systems To describe various CPU-scheduling algorithms To discuss evaluation criteria for selecting a CPU-scheduling algorithm for a particular system Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.3 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Basic Concepts Maximum CPU utilization obtained with multiprogramming CPU–I/O Burst Cycle – Process execution consists of a cycle of CPU execution and I/O wait CPU burst distribution Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.4 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Alternating Sequence of CPU and I/O Bursts Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.5 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 Histogram of CPU-burst Times Operating System Concepts – 8th Edition 5.6 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2009 CPU Scheduler Selects from among the processes in ready queue, and allocates the CPU to one of them Queue may be ordered in various ways Switches from running to waiting state Switches from running...
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...To begin, memory management is the task carried out by the operating system to accommodate multiple processes by sub-dividing the memory. In a multiprogramming system, proper memory management is a necessity. While the processor is at idle, it is necessary to have memory allocated for other processes to use any remaining processor time. There are five requirements that memory management is meant to handle: Relocation, Protection, Sharing, Logical Organization, and Physical Organization (Stallings, 2012). To help maximize processor utilization, we create a large pool for processes that are ready to be executed to be swapped into from the main memory. When a program is swapped back in, it helps to relocate it to a different part of memory, rather than the same main memory region as before. This is more efficient than to have to find and place the program into the same region. The memory management unit also has to work with concurrency (Memory Management, n.d.). The unit should move the program and deal with memory references and addresses of the program. This will make sure that they make it to the right location in the memory. To help ensure smooth and efficient program usage, each process needs to be protected from interruptions, whether they are intended or by accident (Stallings, 2012). To help prevent these interruptions, any other program will need permission to reference memory locations for reading or writing purposes. We cannot ensure complete protection at compile...
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...REM PROGRAM TO CALCULATE PROFIT CLS INPUT “ENTER COST PRICE”; CP INPUT “ENTER SELLING PRICE”; SP P = SP - CP PRINT “PROFIT AMOUNT=”; P END USING SUB PROCEDURE DECLARE SUB PROFIT (CP, SP) CLS INPUT “ENTER COST PRICE”; CP INPUT “ENTER SELLING PRICE”; SP CALL PROFIT(CP, SP) END SUB PROFIT(CP, SP) P = SP - CP PRINT “PROFIT AMOUNT=”; P END SUB USING FUNCTION PROCEDURE DECLARE FUNCTION PROFIT (CP, SP) CLS INPUT “ENTER COST PRICE”; CP INPUT “ENTER SELLING PRICE”; SP PRINT “PROFIT AMOUNT=”; PROFIT(CP, SP) END FUNCTION PROFIT(CP, SP) P = SP – CP PROFIT = P END FUNCTION 49. calculate loss REM PROGRAM TO CALCULATE LOSS CLS INPUT “ENTER COST PRICE”; CP INPUT “ENTER SELLING PRICE”; SP L = CP - SP PRINT “LOSS AMOUNT=”; L END USING SUB PROCEDURE DECLARE SUB LOSS (CP, SP) CLS INPUT “ENTER COST PRICE”; CP INPUT “ENTER SELLING PRICE”; SP CALL LOSS(CP, SP) END SUB LOSS (CP, SP) L = CP - SP PRINT “LOSS AMOUNT=”; L END SUB USING FUNCTION PROCEDURE DECLARE FUNCTION LOSS (CP, SP) CLS INPUT “ENTER COST PRICE”; CP INPUT “ENTER SELLING PRICE”; SP PRINT “LOSS AMOUNT=”; LOSS(CP, SP) END FUNCTION LOSS (CP, SP) L = CP – SP LOSS = P END FUNCTION 50. calculate profit percentage REM PROGRAM TO CALCULATE PROFIT PERCENTAGE CLS INPUT “ENTER COST PRICE”; CP INPUT “ENTER SELLING PRICE”; SP PP = ((SP – CP) / CP) * 100 PRINT “PROFIT PERCENTAGE=”; PP END USING SUB PROCEDURE DECLARE SUB PROFITP (CP, SP) CLS INPUT...
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...Fundamentals of Effective Communication in the Workplace Melissa M. Bunting Strayer University Intro to Business 100 Professor Taylor January 17, 2014 I am currently working as an LPN in Portsmouth Naval Medical Center’s Women’s Health clinic and I have to interact with patients daily because I do pre op authorizations. So basically I make sure that the doctor’s orders for the patient are carried out and understood by the patient to ensure a successful surgery and/or procedure. So I pride myself on having effective communication. One encounter with a patient which clearly indicated to me that I emphatically have effective communication was recent. The patient had her doctor’s appointment and was then walked in to me to complete her process. So after verifying the orders, ordering the lab-work and other test the provider desired I prepared the patient for her next steps and communicated with her what needed to happen to make this a smooth and successful process. The patient took my directions, ensured me she had no questions and would comply with her process and was released. After I do my job and release the patient they are assumed to be responsible adults and I no longer am responsible for them. I now need to also include that I have to work alongside a couple of different departments and we should work together harmoniously so that the process is always smooth but for this particular patient it did not seem to happen so smoothly...
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...Issues Inter-Process Communication • How a process can pass information to another • Make sure processes don’t get into each others’ way • Sequencing and dependencies OS 2007-08 1 OS 2007-08 2 The issues… • They apply to threads as well • Communication: easy for threads (common address space) • Remaining two issues apply to thread as to processes Race condition • Example: printer spooler (a daemon) 4 5 Process A Process B abc prog.c prog.n out = 4 6 7 in = 7 Spooler directory OS 2007-08 3 OS 2007-08 4 Race condition • Two processes reading/writing on the same data and the result depends on who runs precisely when is called a race condition • Since obviously we’d like computation to be deterministic Critical regions • Mutual exclusion • The part of the program where the shared memory (or something else) is accessed is called a critical section • This is not enough (more rules): – Not two processes simultaneously in their critical regions – No assumptions may be made about speed and number of CPUs – No process running outside its critical region may block another process – No process should have to wait forever to enter its critical region OS 2007-08 6 OS 2007-08 5 1 Ideally A enters critical region A B blocked B enters critical region B attempts to enter critical region B leaves critical region A leaves critical region Many solutions… • Disabling interrupts • Locks • TSL instruction (hardware) • Semaphores • Mutexes...
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