... Introduction 3 Terrorism in Commercial Organizations 3 Terrorism in Airlines 4 Current Threats to Aviation 5 Insider Threats 5 Automation Adds Efficiency 6 Improving Total Operations 6 Increased Threats from Advanced Explosives 6 Threat against Airline Services and Airports 7 Necessary Steps to Improve Aviation Security 7 References 9 Introduction Terrorism is the systematic use of terror. It does not have a legal binding or definition in criminal law. Commonly, it is referred to creation of fear through violence (Townshend, 2002). Terrorism is usually defined and assumed as a group phenomenon (Hofmann, 2012). Terrorism has spread across the globe with its many forms and indicators. The emotional and diplomatic use of the word terrorism has resulted in a difficulty to provide an appropriate definition of terroorism (Raman, 2008). Researches have figured out more than hundred definitions of the word. The notion of terrorism is arguable due to two main reasons. Firstly, it is often used by government and other ruling bodies to delegitimize political or other rivals, secondly, to possibly legitimize the use of equipped force against enemies. A steadfast and unique characteristic of terrorism is the undifferentiating use of strength counter to noncombatants for the aim of attainment of publicity for a group, root, or individual. The representation of terrorism can influence human fear to help attain these goals. The problem of terrorism needs to be handled...
Words: 2069 - Pages: 9
...Security Operation Administration Of Airports in Developing Countries Post 9/11 Scenario Table of Contents Abstract3 Security Operation Administration4 Literature Review5 Objective 10 Methodology10 Research Design11 Conclusion 12 Bibliography 13 Abstract Do people believe that there is sufficient and enough airport security system in Pakistan. And do there is a substantial threat to the airport security in Pakistan. These two issues were discussed and evaluated in this essay. After 9/11, the concept of security has changed thoroughly. Before that security at airports was mere a case of going through a scanner and a casual check up. But after 9/11 developed countries remodel their security plans. With the passage of time, developing countries also started to rethink about their security plans. Methodology was questionnaires to public and interviews with the aviation security authorities. In this way the overall perception about the security of airports was analyzed. Also past historical events were analyzed to find out the possibility of any terrorist activity on Pakistani airports. For this purpose secondary data about threats of terrorism and their actual conduct on different places were analyzed. Then various threats to airport security were analyzed. Also primary data was collected through questionnaire to find out the people perception about their security on airports. The qualitative and quantitative facts...
Words: 3356 - Pages: 14
...Our nation security has never been the same since the event that change everything, the bombing of the twin towers in September 11, 2001. Thousands of innocent lives were lost because we lack the security we have now. In order to prevent this from happening again our government developed polices in order to counter act and mitigate the threats of ongoing terrorism. Department of Homeland security is formed as a separate agency of the government to secure our nation from the acts of terrorism. The agencies sole purpose is to keep us safe and to prevent the attacks of the terrorism. In the development of the policies and counter terrorism tactics the government face different issues? In this essay we are going to look at how these issues affected...
Words: 2365 - Pages: 10
...Paper: Why Airport Security Should Be Stronger When we think of airport security, it’s words like “ugh” or “phew” that come about in our minds because we all know how frustrating getting onto airplanes can be. We have to be body searched, our bags have to go through an airport baggage system, and flights may get delayed due to natural causes. While it is true that airport security is an impatient job, it does not necessarily follow that airport security should not be stronger. September 11, 2011 will be a day that I will never forget. Being picked up from kindergarten by my mother, listening on the radio and hearing the fear in my mother’s voice, something was wrong. Being five years old, I knew very little as to what the situation was. At 8:45 AM ET on that day, the first plane hijacked the north tower of the World Trade Center. The building goes into smoke as bodies jump to their deaths, one by one, as life flashed before their eyes. Exactly 18 minutes later, at 9:03 AM ET, the second plane crashed into the south tower of the World Trade Center. America knew that this wasn’t an accident, but this was a terrorist attack on the United States. Situations as such make me question how strong airport security really is. It is not just terrorism that I am worried about when it comes to the strength of airport’s security systems, but other situations like Ebola coming from Africa into the United States and illegal drug smuggling concerns me, as well. Although airport security is...
Words: 2234 - Pages: 9
...AVIATION TERRORISM Thwarting High-Impact Low-Probability Attacks TERRORISME AÉRIEN Contrecarrer des attaques improbables à impacts élevés A Thesis Submitted to the Division of Graduate Studies of the Royal Military College of Canada by Jacques Duchesneau, C.M., C.Q., C.D. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy April 2015 ©Jacques Duchesneau © This thesis may be used within the Department of National Defence but copyright for open publication remains the property of the author. ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE OF CANADA COLLÈGE MILITAIRE ROYAL DU CANADA DIVISION OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH DIVISION DES ÉTUDES SUPÉRIEURES ET DE LA RECHERCHE This is to certify that the thesis prepared by / Ceci certifie que la thèse rédigée par JACQUES DUCHESNEAU, C.M., C.Q., C.D. AVIATION TERRORISM Thwarting High-Impact Low-Probability Attacks complies with the Royal Military College of Canada regulations and that it meets the accepted standards of the Graduate School with respect to quality, and, in the case of a doctoral thesis, originality, / satisfait aux règlements du Collège militaire royal du Canada et qu'elle respecte les normes acceptées par la Faculté des études supérieures quant à la qualité et, dans le cas d'une thèse de doctorat, l'originalité, for the degree of / pour le diplôme de PHILOSOPHIÆ DOCTOR IN WAR STUDIES Signed by the final examining committee: / Signé par les membres du comité examinateur...
Words: 155225 - Pages: 621
...Terrorism in the 21st Century Jacqueline Wright HST/145 May 14, 2012 Mary Norris Terrorism in the 21st Century Prior to September 11, 2001 the country moved along at its regular daily pace. Conflict and wars have been a component of the United States since the beginning of time. There are three sources conflict: human rights, global terrorism, and environmental problems. Many see terrorism as a way to hide greed, racism, and the conquests of power. Terrorism is defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigations “as an unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives” (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2002-2005). Terrorism makes the statement that demands attention and affects every person in every country around the world. Prior to 9/11 Prior to September 11, 2001 the hiring and firing of airline personnel was not as stringent. Those in charge of checking passenger’s luggage and person were not trained effectively. They would miss illegal weapons, drugs, and any other paraphernalia the airline industry did not want on aircraft. The workers took a lax attitude toward his or her job duties, which made for a high turnover rate. Along with the lax attitude the workers or screeners as they were called received low wages and little to no benefits. The infrastructure of the airport terminals were not monitored and maintained...
Words: 1976 - Pages: 8
...Cameras are increasingly being placed in more and more places. I believe that this is a good thing, simply because the world is changing every day. We are hearing about more violence all the time and security cameras are a way of preventing many crimes. As an airport employee I believe that having cameras throughout the airport is a very good thing, I see people coming and going from all over the world on daily basis and some of them have harsh feelings against the United States of America. There are benefits of having these cameras in place. Combat terrorism – It's an unfortunate fact that airports are targets for terrorist activity. For that reason, it's vitally important that airports employ extremely strict security measures. Video surveillance systems play a key role in protecting against acts of terrorism. The proper system will provide authorities with invaluable tools in their efforts to maintain the highest possible levels of security. (unknown, 2013) These new security measures in airports have stopped many acts of terrorism over the years since the 911 tragedy many of the terrorist could have been identified, if proper security measures had been taken. Video surveillance is a very important feature in airports because simply more people can be watched at one time, not only that, with the advancements in the way that cameras recorded they can capture images and be played back right away from a hard drive on a computer instead of the old fashion way of video tape which...
Words: 624 - Pages: 3
...INTELLIGENT EXPERT SYSTEM BIOMETRICS FOR ANTITERRORISM ABSTRACT: ‘Terrorism’ is one of the highly pronounced words nowadays. Hijacks are taking a lion’s share when we talk about terrorism. This is mainly due to the intrusion of the terrorists into a country by using fake passports or related forged documents. Our project is intended to minimize this to the maximum extent, using the help of biometrics. We have taken finger print and Iris scanning to implement this project, since these are the 2 highly distinguishing features which differentiate one human from another. It is planned to be implemented in two phases. 1.While applying for the passports 2.During the boarding of flights With proper implementation of these schemes, we can ensure that fake passports are not issued and illegally migrating people into the country can be prevented. Keywords: While applying for passport, while boarding flight, advantages, related works, process of Iris scanning and detection of criminals, process of Iris scanning while boarding flight( national or International), coding. PROPOSED SYSTEM: I.INTRODUCTION: Taking the help of Iris scanning and finger print scanning we have designed this project in order to prevent hijacks. It is planned to be implemented in two phases as mentioned earlier. II. WHILE APPLYING FOR THE PASSPORTS: While a person is applying for the passports. Finger prints are scanned. Besides that Iris of the person should also be scanned since...
Words: 1290 - Pages: 6
...Terrorism came from the word of ‘terror’ which mean to horror and to fear. There is no specific definition about the meaning of terrorism. This is because the field that related inside terrorism is very wide and there are over 100 definitions of ‘terrorism’ according to studies. Terrorism have been existed for many years as a global phenomenon, but only in few decades ago that it has been getting stronger and to influence our daily lives with any costs. In our report, we will explain more details about the relationship of terrorism and transportation. Transportation has always been a target or method for terrorism to transfer their message to the public. While transportation keeps economic moving, nationally and globally, business relies on transport and transport systems at every level no matter transferring goods, transporting customers or staff commuting. From jet airliners to mass transit buses and rail terminals, vehicles and transport facilities are all-too familiar targets of terrorist attacks in all country and abroad. The impact of large-scale disruption of transport infrastructures can be critical for national and global business because transport systems have long been viewed as targets for terrorists groups worldwide. Also we will elaborate more on how terrorism can be spread or being use through the four methods of transportation like rail, road, aviation and maritime. For the incident strikes on the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York on September 11, 2001,...
Words: 13246 - Pages: 53
...Instructor: Tony Gaskew Jacqueline Hunter IP# 4 The definition of domestic terrorism in the United States has changed over the years. It is believed that the act of domestic terrorism occurred long before any legal definition came into play. The FBI Terrorist Research defined domestic terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group of two or more individuals, also against a person or property to intimidate or coerce a government. Under current Law in the United States the act of terrorism are those which involve human lives that are a violation of the criminal law of the United States or of any State, this was set forth by the USA Patriot Act. Terrorism has abruptly has moved to the center of the public and has become a household subject matter and also many levels of politics, law and criminal justice. The September 11, attack change the way law enforcement respond to the threat and reality of terrorism. The World Trade Center attack had a ripple affect that could be felt across the world and this led to major reorganization of counter- terrorism policing. The United States the most striking change in policing has been a sudden expansion of police powers, justified by the tragedy and devastation of the attack. This expansion brought about a new refocusing of resource and the restructure of the federal, state, and local police agencies. There was more focus put on terrorism, for instant the FBI assigned 4,000 of it 27,000 agents to counter-terrorist...
Words: 1312 - Pages: 6
...The Affects of Terrorism James Wilford HIS/145 December 3, 2012 Senitra Upton The Affects of Terrorism Terrorism, the heinous acts of an individual or group whose purpose is to create fear for religious, political, or ideological goals by deliberately targeting or disregarding the safety of non –combatant civilians has heightened the security of the nations abroad. Terrorism when looked at through a historical point of view has always been present throughout the world, but mainly stronger in the Middle Eastern countries such as Israel, Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Lebanon. The three main reason why terrorist activity is considered heavier in these areas are due to ethnic groups that are not able to get along because of their difference in religious beliefs, the need to protect their oil from the interest of the Western countries, and “the need to extract or purge all imperialists, infidels, or those who challenge their interest and from this is where we have terrorism escalating to international levels” (The North States Emergency Consortium). In the mind of a terrorist when planning or conducting terrorist acts is to choose places where they can avoid detection or capture before and after their attack, “others are willing to commit suicide in order to carry out an attack against a much more secure target” (The North States Emergency Consortium). Normally, the places that are selected are institutions were the disaster would bring about large-scale losses of life, widespread...
Words: 1092 - Pages: 5
...On September 11th, 2001, nineteen ruthless al-Qaeda terrorists bypassed airport security and hijacked two airplanes that were headed from the east coast to California, but instead they were flown into the World Trade Center creating the day that citizens of the United States will never forget. Back in 1693, Philadelphia had granted police the legal authority to halt and question any man of color caught wandering the streets. This type of act is called racial profiling, which refers to a practice where law enforcement personnel or people of legal authority to discriminately target those for crimes based on ethnicity, religion and race. Racial profiling should be accepted as law enforcement practice. Racial profiling is a necessary factor in contributing to the means of preventing terrorism. There is nothing wrong with using this method as a tool in catching those that threaten the lives of others. In the September 11th tragedy, nineteen group members from al-Qaeda bypassed airport security and crashed multiple planes into the World Trade Center...
Words: 1328 - Pages: 6
...HOW WILL A SEVERE TERRORIST ALERT EFFECT TOURISM IN SOUTH CAROLINA Brianne Buckner Dr. BRIAN MCCUE PAD 590 JUNE 21, 2010 STRAYER UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, SC CAMPUS This Directed Research Project (DRP), was conducted and orally presented By ………………………………………………………………………………. Brianne Buckner, Student We hereby certify that this DRP submitted by Brianne Buckner conforms to acceptable standards, and as such is fully adequate in scope and quality. It is therefore approved as the fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Hospitality and Tourism Management, MBA Approved:_________________________________________ Supervising Faculty__________________________________ Peer Review/Technical Advisor________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page APROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………………………...i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………ii TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES………………………………………………….….iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY………………………………….….6 Context of the Problem……………………………………………………………6 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………….7 Main Research Question and Sub-questions………………………………………7 Significance of the Study…………………...…………………………….……….8 Research Design and Methodology………...
Words: 17727 - Pages: 71
...P4 Short paragraph about what counter terrorism measures are available in the UK. Financial measures are often used as very simple mechanisms to describe the performance of an investment. They are easily calculated and used to camper year on year results and to set morns for particular investment. However the investment cannot be decided by only one measure also the nature of investment must be taken to the account as it can be different at the risks that might be involved in the investment. The terrorists taking advantage of the charities by knowing the true beneficiary of transactions, especially cross-border transactions, and the fact that terrorism often involves relatively small individual amounts make ‘false front’ terrorist charities difficult to detect. The government has taken actions against terrorism by freezing the treasury’s asset. It became operational from 24 October 2007. Trade and sporting sanctions is the penalty imposed by one nation onto one or more other nations. The sanctions can be unilateral, imposed by only one country on one other, or multilateral which is imposed by one or more counties on a number of different countries. Frequently the partners will impose multilateral sanctions on their enemies. The implementation and administration of international financial sanctions in the UK, are related to terrorism, sanctions in relation to states. The resolution 661 by UN resulted the chain of disastrous consequences for the people of Iraq. As it was...
Words: 790 - Pages: 4
...Many years ago airport security was not even an issue. People felt secure and safe and rarely worried about being searched. As time went on, the prevealance of terrorism became an increasing issue. There began more acts of terrorism by threatening and holding hostages on board commercial planes. As these acts continued, the government as well as citizens became vulnerable and an airport safety procedure was implemented as a way to ensure the safety of the United States. The implemented procedures over the years included a check and scan of all carry on and checked baggage, body scans, hire government airport employees, and a strict list of carry-on items. This made travelers feel safer as it decreased the ability of terrorist to commit vicious acts of violence. Over the years, airport security has become more stringent and traveling now has become a huge inconvenience as well as a violation to the people’s civil rights. As a result of the 9/11 attack of the World Trade Center Buildings North and South, securities has rapidly increased procedures due to the many attempts of attacks made by terrorist. On December 22, 2001 a terrorist named Richard Reid hid an explosive in his shoe trying to detonate it, but fortunately he did not succeed (Elliott). After the incident, passengers were forced to walk through security after taking off their shoes/sneakers. On December 25, 2009 another terrorist named Umar Abdul Mutallab attempted to detonate plastic explosives hidden in his underwear...
Words: 325 - Pages: 2
