...The pharaoh Akhenaten’s main motivation in instituting religious change was to reestablish absolute authority as a king. His heretic views of Egyptian religion increased the power and influence of the king, which had been gradually suppressed over the course of centuries. Specifically, he regained this power through the careful characterization of the Aten. This ensured that he would be the sole interpreter of the god’s wishes, making him a powerful figure. This was reaffirmed by the establishment of a new capital, which purposefully centralized the political power of Egypt. Through these means, Akhenaten introduced a level of authority that had not been implemented in centuries. Akhenaten’s reign was preceded by many cultural and political factors that made it necessary for him to reassert his influence. • In the establishment of...
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...Laura Rose World Civilization 101 March 6, 2014 “Egypt, birthplace of the oldest known civilization in Africa,” is a statement in the gallery of the Brooklyn Museum of Art. Egypt has influenced many civilizations. Hebrew: Moses and Monotheism, Greco-Roman civilization, Yoruba gods, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Islamic social structures all have social institutions that dialectically emerge from the Egyptian culture. There are many aspects to the Egyptian culture. Family is very important to Egyptians; family was seen to be superior then just an individual. Blood relations are significant in all social relations, even though the family consisted of both nuclear and extended family. How they greeted each other were bases on their religion. It is traditionally a handshake, which should be first done by a woman; if not the men most bow their heads in respect.¹ Egyptians had a lot of pride in their family and it was expected for the children to take care of the parents when they get elderly. Women were allowed to get married after their first menstrual cycle while men were allowed to around the age of 16 to 20; that’s when they were expected to be able to know how to care for a family.² In Egypt people were allowed to engage in premarital sex, as long as they stayed faithful after marriage. For example women were seen as equal to men legally. They were able to own property and slaves, to administer and sell land, to make their own wills, to sign their own marriage contracts, and to...
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...Queen Nefertiti of Egypt was a great, well known, and mysterious Queen to many. She was a Great Royal Wife to Pharaoh Akhenaten. She had many children including: Ankhesenamun, Meritaten, Neferneferuaten Tasherit, Meketaten, Setepenre, and Neferneferure. She was very religious and worshipped only one egyptian god, Aten, the sun god. This was very unusual considering many Egyptians at the time worshiped many gods. But what is most interesting is her mysterious disappearance. Did she die from a sudden plague, did she try to flee, or did she pretend to be someone else during Tutankhamun's rule? Not much is known about Nefertiti's upbringing and birth. It is believed she was born in the Egyptian town Akhmim, where she was either the daughter or niece of a high official At, her mother is unknown. Other theories say she could have been born in a foreign country, such as Syria. Evidence shows she was born in 1370 BC....
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...Genieva Subic HIST – 1110 WESTERN CIVILIZATION I E Journal #1 Chapter one of our text covers a broad range of history beginning with the legend of Babel. (1) The story tells us how spoken communication has been lost over the years and it also creates a foundation for spoken history. (1) The text then moves on to the city of Çatalhöyük, which was established around nine thousand years ago in south central Turkey. (2) This city had eight thousand occupants living in two thousand homes, which is an average of four occupants per home, that’s not so different from how we live today. The people of Çatalhöyük were an organized and technologically sophisticated society that practiced religion, and had domesticated plants and animals. (2) This is just another example of how even though these people lived nine thousand years ago people today are still living in the same ways. I think that has been the most interesting part of the beginning of chapter one; our society still has many of the same values and practices of our ancient ancestors. The next section of chapter one focuses on the Old Stone Age or Paleolithic era. (3) The people of this era lived before written history existed, around 3000 B.C.E. However, they were tool-makers and artists. The cave paintings at Lascaux act as a type of history as do the finely made tools and jewelry that historians have discovered. (3) The Paleolithic people were known to be hunters and gatherers, they did not have domesticated animals, they had...
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...Civilization, Early Japanese Civilization, and Early 20th Century. These are all very different but as you will see as you read the book that even though they are different they have similarities. All about My Travels through the Egyptian Civilization, Early Japanese Civilization, and the Early 20th Century Chapter 1 Egyptian civilization developed around 5000 B.C.E. During this time, Egypt was divided into two sections, Lower and Upper. Lower Egypt was actually a narrow strip of land located on either side of the Nile River. It ran for 700 miles from the first waterfall in the south to the Nile Delta. (Benton, J. R. & DiYanni, R., 2012, p. 17) Lower Egypt was in the northern part and was on the fertile land of the Nile Delta where it branched out and ran into the Mediterranean. (Benton, J. R. & DiYanni, R., 2012, p. 17) In about 3100 B.C.E. the two Egypt’s came together under the rule king Namer also known as Menes. Egypt had at least 30 dynasties. These were grouped into different periods according to their achievement and stableness. (Benton, J. R. & DiYanni, R., 2012, p. 17) “Egyptians developed...
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...main key to the civilization of Egypt was the Nile River. The Nile over flowed once a year leaving deposits of minerals and fertile black soil, which made it the richest agricultural region in the Mediterranean world(17). The whole civilization ran up and down the Nile, no more than fourteen miles away in either direction. Egyptian history was divided into three periods called kingdoms(Old, Middle, New and two intermediate periods). Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, lower in the north and upper in the south, since the Nile flows from south to north. Two of the major cities were actually developed in Lower Egypt, Nekhen and Abydos(18). The two communities were pretty developed for their time. Pharaohs(which means “great household”) were appointed to rule over Egypt(19).They formed their own political organization, religion, industry, and new ideas. We know the least about the history of the Old Kingdom. Historians relied on texts from the deceased. They came to discover that the Egyptians were very keen on the aspect of death. We do however find out a lot about the Pharaohs. They were considered the link between the land, people, and their gods(21). Taxes, trade, and labor were all administered by the Pharaoh as well. Even though the Pharaoh was in so much power, they needed help. So they appointed “governors” called nomarchs, which usually was from their family. Since Egypt was so huge, communication was vital. This is another reason Egypt thrived due to its communication...
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...Assess the reign of Amenhotep III Amenhotep III’s reign is often referred to the “Golden Age”, a time of political stability and economic prosperity for Egypt. With an abundance of tribute, booty, and access/exploitation of natural resources in conquered areas of Nubia, and its sphere of influence in Syria-Palestine; Egypt’s affluence only flourished. This enabled Amenhotep’s expanse/magnificent building programs, also resulting to advances in art and religion. Furthermore, changes in the importance and role of the queen progressed in this period; to the extent of Tiye’s deification, as evident in the temple at Sedeinga, built in dedication to her worship. Despite Amenhotep III’s reputation as a great diplomat, the effectiveness of his foreign policy- particularly the lack of military control over vassal states of Syria- Palestine, is contested as a precursor to the eventual loss of Egypt’s northern vassals with the emergence of the Hittites as a rival power during Akhenaten’s reign. Building schemes were not only of socio-political importance, but also vital in reinforcing the religious role of the pharaoh as the intermediary between the gods and the people of Egypt- he himself a reincarnation of Horus, or in Amenhotep’s case, Amun. His divine birth scene depicted at Luxor Temple of Amun giving the ankh “breath of life” to his mother, is significant in establishing his divine power as upholder of ma’at- the divinely established order of the universe. Moreover, Amenhotep’s...
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...EGYPT * The Gift of Nile * Nile * world’s largest river; flows more than 4000 miles * Because the river flows from south to north, the Egyptians called the southern part of the country “Upper Egypt” and the northern part the “Lower Egypt” * Each year, the river will overflow, spreading water into the bordering basins and irrigation channels carried water farther out into the valley to increase the area suitable for planting – brought moisture to the dry land and left behind a layer of rich black soil that was excellent for crop. * Farmers planted their crops as soon as the floodwaters receded * 4000 B.C.E. * Egypt consisted of valley of farmers living along the Nile * 3300 B.C.E. * first walled towns were erected at Naqada and Hierakonpolis * 3100 B.C.E. * ruler of Upper Egypt unified the country * Menes, first ruler, conquered Lower Egypt and brought all of Egypt under his rule. He built the city of Memphis as his capital. * Kings of Egypt * “Ruler of the Two Lands” * wore two crowns – symbolizing the unification of the country * There were at least 30 dynasties in Egypt’s history * Scholars divided the early history of Egypt according to the three periods when strong dynasties united the country * Old Kingdom (2686 – 2150 B.C.E.) * Middle Kingdom (2040 – 1786 B.C.E.) * New Kingdom (1570 – 1090 B.C.E.) Old Kingdom * 2649 B.C.E. * Old...
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...Origins of Religion • The First Civilizations • Early Religious Patterns • Religion was centered around capricious entities that needed to be appeased – The Phoenicians: • Baal Hammon (male storm god) and Tanit (female fertility figure) • Tophets (walled cemetries) excavated reveal that often children were sacrificed • Prehistoric Communities • Paleolithic and Neolithic Settlements • Life in Neolithic communities led to the development of art and religion. There was a belief in a higher power. Mother Earth (source of all new life) and Father Sky (all powerful). There is also evidence of burial of the dead. • Neolithic Religion • Led to reverence of ancestors – Old persons often received elaborate burials • Religious worship of early farming communities were centered around Mother Earth (source of life)and Sky God(all powerful male) • Megaliths were erected to relate to religious beliefs • Megaliths included burial chambers, calendar circles, or marking celestial occurrences – Rising sun, solstices, equinoxes • Neolithic goddess • Life in New Towns and Villages • Religious shrines could be found (2 per household) – A goddess was the venerated central deity • Metalworking became a predominant activity around 6400 BC – Abundance of copper and lead in the area – Gold and silver also appear • Farmers had to produce...
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...History of Egypt From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Recentism.svg This article or section may be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective. (April 2014) Part of a series on the History of Egypt All Gizah Pyramids.jpg Prehistoric Egypt pre–3100 BC Ancient Egypt Early Dynastic Period 3100–2686 BC Old Kingdom 2686–2181 BC 1st Intermediate Period 2181–2055 BC Middle Kingdom 2055–1650 BC 2nd Intermediate Period 1650–1550 BC New Kingdom 1550–1069 BC 3rd Intermediate Period 1069–664 BC Late Period 664–332 BC Achaemenid Egypt 525–332 BC Classical Antiquity Ptolemaic Egypt 332–30 BC Roman and Byzantine Egypt 30 BC–641 AD Sassanid Egypt 621–629 Middle Ages Arab Egypt 641–969 Fatimid Egypt 969–1171 Ayyubid Egypt 1171–1250 Mamluk Egypt 1250–1517 Early Modern Ottoman Egypt 1517–1867 French occupation 1798–1801 Egypt under Muhammad Ali 1805–1882 Khedivate of Egypt 1867–1914 Modern Egypt British occupation 1882–1922 Sultanate of Egypt 1914–1922 Kingdom of Egypt 1922–1953 Republic 1953–present Portal icon Egypt portal v t e The history of Egypt has been long and rich, due to the flow of the Nile river, with its fertile banks and delta. Its rich history also comes from its native inhabitants and outside influence. Much of Egypt's ancient history was a mystery until the secrets of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs were deciphered with the discovery and help of the Rosetta Stone. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the...
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...128 72 33 56 175 173 130 141 4 105 169 167 43 94 73 136 144 168 45 163 48 52 30 32 Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. of the Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic 17 154 95 98 100 120 103 109 156 36 170 81 13 16 122 155 97 19 131 24 93 121 160 172 104 153 115 23 38 7 127 111 101 10 22 21 79 9 90 78 148 28 44 110 135 50 80 Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China (SAR) Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep. of Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Rep. of Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Dem. Rep. Latvia Lebanon 145 58 41 15 60 150 165 59 84 174 31 152 64 53 113 117 125 171 132 126 140 5 18 118 176 151 1 102 74 142 61 133 89 85 83 37 26 47 69 57 159 39 71 87 75...
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...Praise for the Shiva Trilogy ‘Amish’s mythical imagination mines the past and taps into the possibilities of the future. His book series, archetypal and stirring, unfolds the deepest recesses of the soul as well as our collective consciousness.’ – Deepak Chopra, world-renowned spiritual guru and bestselling author ‘Amish is a fresh new voice in Indian writing – steeped in myth and history, with a fine eye for detail and a compelling narrative style.’ – Shashi Tharoor, Minister of State in the Indian government and celebrated author ‘Furious action jumps off every page.’ – Anil Dharker, renowned journalist and author ‘Tripathi’s Shiva Trilogy is already being touted as India’s Lord of the Rings.’ – Hindustan Times ‘…Amish has mastered the art of gathering, interpreting and presenting India’s many myths, folklores and legends, and blending all of that into fast-paced thrillers that change your views about gods, cultures, histories, demons and heroes, forever.’ – Hi Blitz ‘Amish’s Shiva Trilogy has a refreshing storyline… The narration forces you to impatiently turn the page to know what secret is going to be revealed about the “Neelkanth” next.’ – The Telegraph ‘It’s a labour of love... Amish also humanizes his characters, something which most popular Indian writers fail miserably at.’ – Mint ‘Amish’s philosophy of tolerance, his understanding of mythology and his avowed admiration for Shiva are evident in his best-selling works.’ – Verve ‘Tripathi is...
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