...In order to address many issues related to growing alcohol-fuelled violence especially in CBD, Victoria’s Government announced Melbourne 2.am lockout plan. Statistics shows that almost 1/3 of young people aged 14-29 had blacked out at once due to binge drinking of alcohol. Around 10% of people aged 14-19 consumed dangerous level of alcohol weekly. According to research alcohol is most fatal type of dug and mainly responsible for more deaths for people aged 14- 35. In Victoria it was a primary reason of hospitalisation. From last decade to 2007, alcohol related admissions had risen by almost 70 percent in Victoria, which is the fastest growing rate of any Australian state. This estimate did not include emergency visits but the total estimated medical cost was up to $15 million annually. In...
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...suggest that the new lock out laws and police crackdowns are a misguided interpretation of the real issue at hand - and suggests the new system punishes not only the morally corrupt thugs on the streets, but rather the entire community drinking and socialising responsibly. The media has responded to this newly arisen debate with a variety of articles and opinions, some simply blaming the offenders themselves, while others attempt to appeal to the more conservative values bemoaning declining standards in public behaviour. b Mark Knight in his cartoon (Herald Sun, 11/01/2016) argues that the violence on our streets is the fault of an unintelligent and uncivilized few, not the fault of the majority of young people who enjoy a drink while out socializing. Using a mocking tone and appealing to both fear and reason, Knight positions readers to recognize that the response to alcohol fuelled violence must target the perpetrators, not punish the wider community. The cartoon is dominated by the stereotypical image of a drunken thug. He is clearly aggressive and intimidating with his fists raised ready to attack. This mocks those people in the community who tend to look for fights when intoxicated. The thug’s distorted face supports this attack because it suggests he is unintelligent and uncivilized. The thug’s gaze is directed at the viewer which invites the audience to see themselves as belonging to a different group, comprising people...
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...In recent days, months and years, our world has witnessed some unthinkable events of violence slaughter and death. Whether it be school shootings, racially and hate fuelled attacks or plagues of terrorism, there is never a time when we switch on the news and don’t hear of another distressing account of annihilation. Who or what are the culprits? No-one knows for sure. But a main factor in America’s case is guns. Since the Dunblane massacre of 16 innocent primary school children along with 1 teacher and the perpetrator himself of March 1996, shock resonated throughout the United Kingdom. The result: a ripple of gun control movements across the UK which led to a tightening of our gun laws and accessibility. Since then,...
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...Youth Violence in Australia Introduction In recent years youth violence has become a growing concern. Not only has incidence increased but also more worryingly the severity of attacks by young Australians has worsened, leading to major economical and personal losses to society. In 2009 on the streets of Coolangatta Damien Ford (aged 18) viciously assaulted 18-year-old Sam Ford (no relation) in an unprovoked attack. Sam spent 18th months in hospital and suffered severe brain injuries leaving him disabled and requiring full time care for the rest of his life. In Adelaide in 2008 Sam Davis (aged 17) was attempting to break up a fight at a party when he was king hit in the back of the head by a gate crasher (aged 18). Sam fell to the floor unconscious and died in hospital a few hours later. In Sydney 2012, Thomas Kelly (aged 18) was walking through Kings Cross on a night out when he was king hit for no reason by Kieran Loveridge (aged 18). The punch to the face knocked Kelly to the ground unconscious and he died 2 days later in hospital. This report seeks to understand why youth violence is so prevalent in Australia and review how it can be prevented. Youth Violence In Australia Youth violence is classified as the intentional use of physical force or power by a young person between the ages of 10 and 24, against another person, group, or community, with the behaviour likely to cause physical or psychological harm (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). According...
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...Assignment 2 – Essay Should the manufacture, supply and use of tobacco be criminalised? Provide arguments for and/or against (relates to defining crime; concepts of deviance etc) There is irrefutable evidence of the harmful effects of the consumption of tobacco products which has resulted in a rethink of both manufacture and supply of tobacco by greater society. Global legislation initiatives have enabled the close monitoring and control of the industry however the overall consumption of cigarettes and tobacco based products has not significantly decreased worldwide. The following discussion will seek to identify whether the manufacture, supply and use of tobacco should be criminalised or whether it should be closely regulated by government policy makers. Scientific studies have confirmed the dangers associated with passive smoking and its physiological effects on the human body. From a legal perspective, the act of public smoking could be considered a crime. Government regulation has introduced the banning of smoking in public venues yet this has done little to deter the consumption of tobacco in designated smoking areas. This discourse will argue that smoking should not be criminalised as it removes the freedom of choice which underpins the very foundations of democratic society. The criminalisation of tobacco would also reduce the amount of revenue that government could raise by encouraging criminal profiteers in engaging in the black market sales of tobacco. In...
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...Compare and contrast Cohen’s study of disorderly behaviour with that of Hall et al. This essay will explore the construction of disorder in society and the role of the media in shaping public opinions about social disorder. It will examine the theories of Stanley Cohen and Hall et al. and will identify the different approaches and key research issues concerning disorderly behaviour. The essay will show how the media constructs and defines antisocial behaviour through the portrayal of folk devils which creates moral panic. The concept of folk devils and moral panic was explored by Stanley Cohen (1973) in his case study of mods and rockers of the 1960’s. The Mods and Rockers were two opposing British youth gangs that engaged in fighting and vandalism at seaside towns in the 1960’s.Cohen’s research focused on how this the media’s portrayal of events provoked a mood of public fear and outrage throughout society, labelling the two groups as folk devils. Folk devils have been depicted as mindless, evil and deviant beings with their behaviour completely different to that of normal people. These deviants have been blamed for all the wrongs in society and have been punished brutally. This characterisation has been central to Cohen’s theory with the role of the media inciting moral panics with the dramatization and construction of Folk devils. (Kelly and Toynbee, 2009, p370) Stanley Cohen, Suggests the UK media’s representation of the antisocial behaviour of the British youths played...
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...Battering is a sign of love. Anything can trigger aggression of husband, even little things such as wrong word, look as well as activity. Psychologists come to help. Such problem happens in every family at least once. The reason is very commonplace – a necessity to assert power and control over significant other, which is very typical for our men. Any trifle can trigger violence: a wife said, looked or did something wrong Victims of domestic violence can call to hot lines in Moscow crisis center ANN ( Association against violence), where psychologists provide psychological aid and work out personal safety plan for victims. Indeed, most of those who turned to helpline, desperate enough, they can’t find way-out from situation without help. That's when psychologists from the center come to help. First of all, they help women to decide how to behave with their husbands. It is advisable, in case husband will lock down a wife at home - to give the spare keys to the relatives or ask neighbors immediately to call the police, when they will hear noise in the apartment. Personal visit to the local police department is also possible. Unfortunately, this move in Russia is associated with a serious problem, so you need to prepare for a long fight. Quite common husbands give bribes, or sloppiness by the police in performing their duties also possible. Police consider domestic assault to be less serious and more personal. There are cases, when policemen offered a woman to handcuff...
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...TOPIC: INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGAINST THE WORLD DRUG PROBLEM I. INTRODUCTION Today it is generally recognized that drugs, along with organized crime that comes with it, jeopardize the development of many resolutions in our world. It is now clear to several organizations that drug control must become an essential element of our joint efforts to achieve peace, security and development. At the same time, we must reinforce our commitment to shared responsibility and the basic principles of health and human rights. The 2011 World Drug Report documents developments in global drug markets and tries to explain the factors that drive them. Its analysis of trends and emerging challenges informs national and international drug and crime priorities and policies, and provides a solid foundation of evidence for counternarcotics interventions. Drug markets and drug use patterns change rapidly, so measures to stop them must also be quick to adapt. Thus the more comprehensive the drug data we collect and the stronger our capacity to analyze the problem, the better prepared the international community will be to respond to new challenges. Drug use affects not only individual users, but also their families, friends, co-workers and communities. Children whose parents take drugs are themselves at greater risk of drug use and other social problems that harm communities. In some regions, illicit drug use is contributing to the rapid spread of infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis...
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...Chapter I The Problem and Its Scope Rationale Juvenile Crime or Juvenile Delinquency is one of the most serious problems our country is facing these days. Although crime rates differ from region to region in the Philippines, juvenile delinquency remains a very broad issue which affects day to day living in our society. It is disturbing to see a 14yr old boy runs across a busy highway with hi-speed trucks and play “patintero” on them just to get away with a newly snatched bag. And multitude of researches found many factors pushing kids to do crimes such like this. With recent disturbances like war and natural disaster struck Zamboanga City, it is just timely to assess similar situation especially on a depressed placed like Barangay Sta. Catalina which was directly affected by the 2013 Zamboanga Siege. According to Villanueva (2006), juvenile delinquency refers to an anti-social act or a child/minor/youth’s behavior which deviates from the normal pattern of rules and regulations, custom and culture which the society does not accept. Bocar (2012) mentioned that the prevention of juvenile delinquency is an essential part of crime prevention in society. Guevara and Bautista (2008) quoted that, “an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure”, this clearly manifests the importance of misbehavior deterrence among the youth. Theoretical Framework Numerous theories tried to explain many factors causing juvenile crimes or juvenile delinquency. One of which is Robert...
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...ularism Modern Myths, Locked Minds by T. N. Madan Introduction: Scope, methods and Concepts 1. Secularization, secularism, Christian tradition and the Enlightenment: a brief history T. N. Madan differentiates between secularism, secularization and secularity. 1) Secularization refers to socio cultural processes in which the role of the sacred is progressively limited; 2) Secularism is the ideology that argues for the historical inevitability and progressive nature of secularization everywhere and 3) Secularity is the resultant state of society. The term "secularism" was first used by the British writer Holyoake in 1851 to describe his views of promoting a social order separate from religion. The English word ‘secular’ comes from the Latin ‘saeculum’, which means ‘an age’ or ‘the spirit of an age’ and has the same meaning as the Greek ‘aeon’. In general terms, secularism means “belonging to this age, or worldly” along with a denial of other worldly realities (i.e. religious). The Bible introduces the idea of divine creation in the book of Genesis. God speaks directly to Man in Genesis: “Be fertile and increase, fill the earth and master it”. As Peter Berger, a social theorist notes that in this the idea of a secular world is sown as a God who stands outside of the Cosmos which is his creation. This opens the way for self making activity which Berger calls ‘historization’. Caesar was the emperor of Rome. In a famous passage Jesus said, "Render to Caesar the things...
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... These are the questions that comes in the mind of a child when he hear about the word terrorism and naxalism and it it quite obvious to have these thoughts as no one really knows about terrorists or the Maoists. Definition of terrorism: Terrorism is a global phenomenon. It is quite easy to recognize terrorism but very difficult to define it. Terrorism appears in the Bible's Old Testament. Many scholars had defined terrorism in their own ways. Some of them are texted below: Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. —FBI Definition Terrorism is the use or threatened use of force designed to bring about political change. —Brian Jenkins Premeditated, politically motivated violence...
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...Intercultural communication - Afghanistan Section 1: group’s identity, history and cultural traditions (500 words) Culture For thousands of years in Afghanistan the country has been invaded, civil wars and terrorist activities. The country has been overturned destroying much of the countries culture and tradition. The culture and way of life in Afghanistan has changed over the years leaving it with no other way to define it. There are many more differences than there are similarities throughout the country. Nearly all of the people are Muslim and this is probably the greatest similarity amongst them. Loyalty within the local tribes is a major issue, but even this is not true among all of the people. Today less than a quarter of the Afghanis are urbanized and over three quarters make a living in agriculture. The way of life is still reliant on the land and on community. For many of these farmers life revolves around the sunlight, weather, seasons, and also religion, which holds an important place in the lives of most people. The weekly and daily schedule is often dictated by the above mentioned items and there is little discretionary income to take time off of work, to travel, or to spend money on items they want. Although farmers grow a huge number of crops, one of the easiest to grow in the country is opium, which is easy to sell and makes good money on relative terms. This has led to some outside groups to fight this industry, but for many people this is a traditional crop...
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...DESK RESEARCH TO EXAMINE THE INFLUENCE OF MARKETING AND ADVERTISING BY THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY ON YOUNG PEOPLE’S ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION Research prepared for the World Health Organization by the Centre for Social Marketing at the University of Strathclyde Emma Cooke, Gerard Hastings and Susan Anderson March 2002 Acknowledgements For acquisition and translation of international data: Jill Bain, Marina Biniari, Liliana Carcamo and Ingrid Kajzer. For comments on the final draft: Anne Marie MacKintosh For administrative support: Kathryn Angus and Aileen Paton. CONTENTS Page No 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY 4 4.0 RESULTS 7 4.1 Advertising 7 4.1.1 Econometric Studies 7 4.1.2 Consumer Studies 11 4.2 Other Forms of Marketing 15 4.3 Developing and Transitional Countries 21 REFERENCES 25 1.0 INTRODUCTION At the World Health Organization Ministerial Conference on Young People and Alcohol in Stockholm (February 2001) considerable concern was expressed about the nature and pervasiveness of advertising and marketing by the alcohol industry. Explicit examples were shown of alcohol promotion exploiting the themes of sexual, sporting and lifestyle success, often in direct violation of advertising codes. Furthermore, many of the advertising examples displayed images of excessive consumption. In addition, the Conference noted...
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...1. Executive summary: The main purpose of the following report is to provide information about the profile of The Bolivarian Republican of Venezuela; in order to study the current situation of the country for further investigations in the future that may help to understand the opportunities and risk involve in importing and opening new markets in Venezuela. The analysis includes reviews and an extensive research about: First the geography and global information to introduce the country; second, the History since the arrival of the Spaniards. The Political analysis will be explained as much detailed as possible due to its specifics characteristics in the recent decades with the Hugo Chavez’s government. He report draws special attention in the Social analysis is one of the main issues to be reviewed due to its importance at the time of making any decision. The economic aspect of course will be in consideration with both: the Official’s figures and the international observer’s ones, the graphics will be analyzed. It will be also mentioned the Business environments and the principal sectors to invest or that could be interesting to sell. To support all the information in the report before any conclusion, it will be used THE SWOT tool to demonstrate why Venezuela is an interesting place to import, especially in the last 5 years. It is not just a country of striking natural beauty, which ranges from the snow-capped Andean peaks in the west, through the Amazonian...
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...communication policy 1.1.1 Emerging communications industry policy 1.1.2 Public service media policy 1.1.3 New communications policy 1.2 Freedom of the media 1.2.1 The need for freedom of speech 1.2.2 Threats to it 1.2.3 If, how and why such threats can or cannot be motivate 2 MEDIA MANAGEMENT AND MEDIA MARKETS 2.1 Media concentration 2.1.1 The relationship of competition to concentration 2.1.2 The dual nature of the media industry 2.1.3 The four forms of concentration 2.1.4 The dangers of concentration 2.1.5 Positive externalities of the media 3 REPRESENTATION AND THE MEDIA 3.1 Media representation of race 3.1.1 Discussion 3.1.2 Brief explanation of the meaning whiteness 3.2 Media representation of violence 3.2.1 An introductory thesis (argument) 3.2.2 Define and explain representation, violence and moral panics 3.2.3 an overview of different theories 3.2.4 Discussion of the processes 3.2.5 A concluding argument 3.3 Media representation of HIV and Aids 3.3.1 Introduction to discussion 3.3.2 Illustration of discussion 3.3.3 Impact of the article 3.3.4 Media attention 3.3.5 Placing and timing of article 4 ADDENDUM A: SELF ASSESSMENT AND SELF REFLECTION SOURCES CONSULTED ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 9...
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