...revolutionary presence. The colonists wanted to alienate themselves from Great Britain and the Declaration gave them this. Th Constitution planned for a new government that yielded considerable power; which is what the early republicans wanted. The thing that separated the two documents was the contrast between the Hamiltonian Federalism and the Jeffersonian republicanism. Many of the men who decided against signing both documents did so because of their acceptance of the Articles of Confederation. If we had noticed that the same men had signed both documents were the same, it would have seemed that the Jeffersonian republicanism had more of a significant role in the Constitution, which could have made it seem that the government was established on principles of the Declaration rather than creating a liberal capitalist monolith. The philosophy of the Declaration was that of a revolutionary outlook on government concentrated on the rights of citizens and detaching from the repression and tyranny. Alexander Hamilton outlined the Constitutions philosophy in the Federalist Papers; the Constitutions philosophy was the notion of Federalism. The Declaration was a long list of complaints made by the colonists against King George III, and was partly the reason the Bill of Rights was drawn up. King George III denied citizens the right to a trial by jury; the Constitution gave this right to all citizens, as well as the right to a speedy trial. The Bill of Rights also addressed...
Words: 295 - Pages: 2
...much controversy over it. Two men, Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, held two very different and opposing views on the Bank plan. This led to much controversy over the plan and how they believed it would impact the nation. At the root of the controversy was wether or not the plan was constitutional. Both men interpreted the clauses in the Constitution differently, so both Hamilton and Jefferson submitted plans to President Washington in hopes their view would prevail. The conflict between Hamilton and Jefferson’s opposing views came to a head in 1791. Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury at the time, submitted a report to Congress on a plan for a National Bank. There was great controversy over the creation of a National Bank for many reasons. The main reason being that Hamilton stated that its creation was completely justified by the Constitutions elastic clause. The elastic clause grants Congress the power “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” (Elastic Clause Law & Legal Definition) and to carry out its duties. In his plan Hamilton wrote that the bank was “necessary and proper”, and that the Constitution allowed all things “necessary and proper”. Hamilton believed that the clause justified the creation of the National bBank. While on the other hand Thomas Jefferson believed the bank to be unconstitutional and that is striped the power from the individual states. The plan submitted to Congress by Hamilton stated that...
Words: 1318 - Pages: 6
... These series of articles were published by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay between October 1787 and May 1788. The overall intention of the Federalist Papers was to explain the advantages of the proposed Constitution over the prevailing Articles of Confederation. The Federalist Papers impacted the ratification of the Constitution by making some of their most important objections, including the significance of having a Constitution, acknowledging to the disagreements made by the Antifederalists, and defending conflicting arguments made against the attributes of the executive and judicial branch as specified in the proposed Constitution. Before the ratification of the Constitution, the central government under the Articles of Confederations was very weak and in jeopardy of falling apart. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, who were Federalists believed as well that the Articles of Confederation was too weak to maintain a powerful central government and needed to be restored by the U.S Constitution. The fundamental goal of the U.S constitution was to secure the rights of the U.S citizens and for the federal government to strive for the common good of the individuals. The Federalist Papers illustrates how the federal government is divided into three distinct, separate branches and each branch of government has the authority to govern or control the power of the other branches. The idea, which came to be called Federalism, granted the best protection for the ...
Words: 1423 - Pages: 6
...the history of the American Revolution, Presidents and the roots of American foreign policy. His works include American Sphinx, His Excellency: George Washington and Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence. As well as essays and book reviews that appear in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, The Chicago Tribune, The Los Angeles Times, The New Republic, and The New Yorker. Founding Brothers is a Pulitzer Prize winning book that discusses the prominent men in the political atmosphere of America after the Constitutional Convention and the issues that they faced. The book starts off with the infamous duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton on July 11, 1804. The outcome of this duel is that Burr shoots Hamilton and...
Words: 1251 - Pages: 6
...no. 47, undertook to answer the Anti‐Federalist charge that “The several departments of power are [not separated but] blended in such a manner as at once to destroy all symmetry and beauty of form, and to expose some of the essential parts of the edifice to the danger of being crushed by the disproportionate weight of other parts.” Madison's answer was that Montesquieu—the “oracle” of separation—did not mean that “departments ought to have no partial agency in, or control over, the acts of each other.” He meant rather that “the whole power of one department [should not be] exercised by the same hands which possess the whole power of another department.” The merit of “blending,” according to Madison, was that, along with bicameralism and federalism, it produced a safety net of “checks and balances.” A crucial problem is that split power inevitably entails split accountability. No wonder then that so many difficulties in American government spring ultimately from its divided power system. In contrast, the parliamentary system seeks safety in clear, direct lines of electoral accountability—and less in a mechanistic clash of sundered agencies of government. Concentrating power for effective action in a prime minister, it makes that person directly amenable to parliament while the latter is directly amenable to the electorate. This scheme largely eliminates what for Americans is a persistent quandary: which of several shells hide the peas of power and responsibility? That quandary...
Words: 817 - Pages: 4
...of the Anti-federalist party is due to the fact that I agree with their main purpose, which was States ’ Right. I believe the rights and powers should be held by individual rather than by the Federal government. How would our country be like without these rights in the first place? Chaotic Right?! Federalists believed in a stronger centralized government, was led by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. Two quotes from the Federalist papers would be. “We may define a republic to be, or at least may bestow that name on, a government which derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of the people, and is administered by persons holding their offices during pleasure for a limited period, or during good behavior.” And “In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.” Also the Federalist Party supported the Virginia plan Anti-Federalists believed in strong states’ rights wanted a weak federal government that would not threaten states’ rights was led by Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee. Although the name does not mean that they were federalism, they were against a strong central government. "It is the opinion of the greatest writers, that a very extensive country cannot be governed on democratical principles, on any other plan, than a confederation of a number of small republics, possessing all the powers of internal government, but united in the management of their foreign and general concerns." The Anti-federalist would prefer...
Words: 473 - Pages: 2
...In the early days of the new American nation, just as in the modern world, political factions split the country in two with ideology. On one side were the federalists, led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams, and on the other were the democratic, or Jeffersonian, republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Federalists generally believed in a powerful, centralized national government, while the democratic republicans believe in states’ rights, and a weak federal government to prevent despotism. Alexander Hamilton mainly argued that federalism worked practically in the world because of the nature of people. He claimed that government should have the power to enforce the laws it passes when they are resisted, and only a strong federal...
Words: 1628 - Pages: 7
...Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. by Joseph J. Ellis. In Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation by Joseph J. Ellis, the “Brothers” in the titles are Aaron Burr, Alexander Hamilton, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson. Although there are controversies about Joseph Ellis leaving out the “sister” that also has an important role in the revolutionary, Abigail Adams. Reading this book, I learned a lot about America’s founding fathers of whom I never knew about. Such as the politicals learnings and how our nation ran. The book itself is sectioned off like episodes of a T.V show: a duel between Hamilton and Burr; a dinner consisting of Jefferson, Hamilton, and Madison that...
Words: 372 - Pages: 2
...of the Anti-federalist party is due to the fact that I agree with their main purpose, which was States ’ Right. I believe the rights and powers should be held by individual rather than by the Federal government. How would our country be like without these rights in the first place? Chaotic Right?! Federalists believed in a stronger centralized government, was led by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton. Two quotes from the Federalist papers would be. “We may define a republic to be, or at least may bestow that name on, a government which derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of the people, and is administered by persons holding their offices during pleasure for a limited period, or during good behavior.” And “In republican government, the legislative authority necessarily predominates.” Also the Federalist Party supported the Virginia plan Anti-Federalists believed in strong states’ rights wanted a weak federal government that would not threaten states’ rights was led by Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee. Although the name does not mean that they were federalism, they were against a strong central government. "It is the opinion of the greatest writers, that a very extensive country cannot be governed on democratical principles, on any other plan, than a confederation of a number of small republics, possessing all the powers of internal government, but united in the management of their foreign and general concerns." The Anti-federalist would prefer...
Words: 299 - Pages: 2
...APUSH Study Guide Chapter 10 * There was no Bill of Rights. * Freedom, religion, speech, press, assembly and petition. * It said that powers not held by the feds were held by the states. * The rich were favored, Hamilton created the National Bank which made it easier to start a business and for the rich to have more control over the government. * Eliminate the debt and bolster the country’s credit. * Eliminate debt, make a bank for future debts or troubles we might have and make us trustworthy so we can borrow money when needed. * Jefferson’s strict construction directly took the constitution for what it said exactly, Hamilton’s loose construction said that what the constitution didn’t forbid, it allowed. * Whiskey tax was made, low class whiskey farmers got angry and started to rebel, Washington came in and “smashed a fly with a sledgehammer” * At the time, the founding fathers believed that anyone against the government was disloyal. * Hamiltonians and Jeffersonians were the beginning of these political parties. One side supporting strong central government and the other supporting a weak government. * At first, we were flattered that the French would follow our precedent of revolution but after heads rolled, Hamiltonians feared that the same would happen in the U.S. * This was an alliance made because the French helped us win our revolution, we were then held to our alliance but couldn’t due to the imminent danger that the...
Words: 395 - Pages: 2
...In this case, a defamation suit arose after NY Post journalist Larry Brooks wrote a column about a hockey fight in Vancouver containing allegations about manager Brian Burke which he claimed to be untrue. The column was published in the paper and also appeared in its website. What’s interesting about this case is that a British Columbia court faced a defamation action against a U.S. publisher. The court held that it could properly exercise jurisdiction and apply local law because it was foreseeable that Burke would bring suit in the forum. This foreseeability determination rested on two findings. First, Burke had an established reputation in British Columbia. Second, it was foreseeable that a British Columbian audience would be interested in plaintiff's online newspaper column, regardless of whether the foreign publisher intended to address that audience. When combined with the strong cross-border reputation of the defendant's newspaper (the New York Post) and its sports columnist (Larry Brooks), these facts, the court held, made it foreseeable that the online posting of the story would be read in British Columbia by both ordinary readers and the by British Columbia media -- even if no paper editions were sold in British Columbia. This case helped re-frame the "here, there (and everywhere)" narrative as an engagement in legally inscribing wider borders around the relevant online community regardless of geographic territory -- that is, to be defining the relevant public as...
Words: 261 - Pages: 2
...Springtime meeting – ½ of all trade takes place at that time, concerned about losing revenue James Madison – drafted tariff and tonnage bills Tariff – import tax – Tonnage – licensing fee Generate revenue to kick start the economy 2. Bill of Rights Originally their were 12 – but gutted down to 10 2nd amendment right – right to bear arms AND maintain a well-regulated militia Reaction to Boston Massacre, Quartering Act, etc. All amendments reactions to the revolution Passed and ratified by 1791 3. Pay for the President and Congress 4. unilateral removal of individuals – the cabinet members serve at the pleasure of the President 5. Establish a Cabinet 1st sec of state – Thomas Jefferson 1st sec of Treasury – Alexander Hamilton 5. Creation of the Judiciary - Judiciary Act of 1789 – 1. deemed that a trial court should be established in every state – called district courts – 13 2. appeals levels courts – circuit courts 3. establish the number of Supremes at that 6 – groups of 2 – travel around and works the circuit courts Lifetime Appointments 1st Chief Justice – John Jay, hated the job, so John Marshall will take over Hamilton’s Financial Program - *** 1st congress asked...
Words: 767 - Pages: 4
...1. George Washington- Served 8 years as president. He was a neutral party. Foreign Policies - was to remain neutral, and form as little alliances and deals with other countries as possible to avoid being dragged into a war, Jay Treaty helping with trade with Great Britian. Domestic Policies – Signed in the Residence Act of 1790, invoked the Militia Act of 1792 One positive aspect that Washington created was imposing an excise tax on distilled spirits, which led to protests in frontier districts when this happened the military was not big enough in just Pennsylvania so he had to invoke the Militia Act. 2. John Adams – Served 4 years as president, was part of the Federalist Party. Domestic Policy- Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798, the Direct Tax of 1798 Foreign Policy - The XYZ Affairs, Treaty of Mortefontaine When Adams signed and instated the Direct Tax act which was taxing on land to pay for our country to rebuild the navy was a positive thought but the negative consequences was the Fries’s Rebellion it created. 3. Thomas Jefferson – Served 8 Years as president. His party was the Democratic- Republican. Foreign Policies- Louisiana Purchase and the Embargo Tax Act Domestic Policies – He drastically cut the federal government reducing spending in his administration as well as the armed forces, he voluntarily stepped down after two terms and declared that no president should serve more than two terms. One positive Jefferson had while in office is he reduced the national...
Words: 687 - Pages: 3
...John Adams, a New Englander from Massachusetts and Thomas Jefferson, a Southerner from Virginia were revolutionary period colleagues and friends during the founding of the Republic even though they could not have been more different in personalities, temperament, and politics. It was perhaps inevitable they would have a falling out. Jefferson was the Vice-President of the United States when Adams was President from 1797-1801 on the basis of Jefferson receiving the second most electoral votes even though they belong to different political parties. When Jefferson challenged Adams for the presidency and won in 1801 not only was the rupture in their friendship complete, they became bitter enemies. During the last days of Adams’s one presidential term the majority Federalist Party in congress passed legislation greatly expanding the number of federal judges including justices-of-the-peace. Adams proceeded to name people of his political persuasion to these positions. A few weeks before Adams had named his Secretary of State and 2nd cousin of Thomas Jefferson, Virginian John Marshall as Chief Justice of the then six-man US Supreme Court (the court was increased to the present number of nine in 1869). Marshall thus became the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, replacing President Washington appointed Oliver Ellsworth (John Jay of course was the 1st). Adams was literally still writing out the names of the people he appointed as judges on his last day in office. As Secretary...
Words: 836 - Pages: 4
...A book by Gary L. Gregg and Mark David Hall, is a book biographies of important founders who contributed to the signing of the Declaration of Independence but were forgotten in history. James Wilson was born in 1742, Wilson was born to a Presbyterian farming family he received a solid education that allowed him to receive a scholarship to the university of St. Andrews. James Wilson studied at St. Andrews for four years before entering the university's divinity school St. Mary's in 1761. In 1762 he was forced to leave school because the death of his father to support his family financial he served as a tutor. When his siblings were old enough to support their mother, he left to America in search for better opportunities. In 1765 James Wilson arrived in Pennsylvania, where he taught Latin and Greek at the college of Philadelphia for a year before studying law under John Dickinson. After becoming a lawyer before the upcoming revolution, Wilson was drawn into politics. In 1774 Wilson gained national attention with his essay on the "considerations on the nature and extent of the legislative authority of the British Parliament". In this essay, Wilson argued that the Parliament had no authority to pass laws for the American colonies because the colonies had no representation in Parliament. In 1776 he was appointed to The second continental Congress where he actively participated in the proceedings and eventually cast a important vote in favor of independence. In the late 1770's...
Words: 762 - Pages: 4
