...Alfred Adler Alfred Adler was born February 7, 1870 in Vienna, in the suburbs of Australia. Adler was the third child of his parents. Adler was the son of a Jewish grain merchant. During his early child hood Alfred developed rickets, from this Adler was unable to walk until the four and at the age of five he developed pneumonia which he almost died from. At an early age Alfred knew that he wanted to be a physician. Alfred considered himself a normal child preferring to be outside rather that in school. Adler was active and well known. In 1895 Adler received his Medical Degree from the University of Vienna in 1895 and later married his wife Raissa Timofeyewna Epstein in 1897 and had four children of which two became Psychiatrists. (Adler, 2009) Adler career began as an Ophthalmologist, which he later switch to General practice and clients were of a poor class. Adler made another switch as a Psychiatrist in 1907 and later was invited to Freud’s discussion group. Adler wrote many papers on “Organic inferiority” which was similar to the views of Freud. One of Adler first papers that he wrote was about aggression and instinct that Freud disagreed with. The strong views of that paper was not enough to stop Sigmund Freud, from naming Adler as the president of the “Viennese Analytic Society and the co-editor of the organization news letter.” The feud between Adler and Freud did not stop the criticism of Adler against Freud work that suggested that the sexual notion of...
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...Alfred Adler Alfred Adler (1870-1937) played a key role in the development of psychoanalysis during his Presidency of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society in 1910. After leaving the organization, after disagreements with Sigmund Freud, he became best known for the development of Individual psychology. He believed that every person has a feeling of inferiority. His concept of the Inferiority complex was that each individual has a weak place in his or her body, where illness tends to occur (Cherry, 2012). Adler also believed that emotion has a way of expressing itself through the body. His Theory was that every person has a sense of inferiority, from child hood we work to compensate for this by asserting our superiority over others (Cherry, 2012). Also all infants are inferior in their abilities; life could be looked at as an attempt to compensate for this inferiority (Cherry, 2012). “Striving for superiority”, this is the motivating force for human behavior, emotions, and thoughts (Cherry, 2012). Adler felt that our social environments place obstacles in our paths that can also create feelings of inferiority. He emphasizes the importance of social factors over biological and believed that behavior was determined as much by conscious planning for the future as by repressed events of one’s past. Some of the psychologists influenced By Adler are; Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and Karen Horney. Alfred Adler’s theories play an essential role in behavior therapy and child development...
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...Alfred Adler known as a physician, psychotherapist, and also the founder of Adlerian psychology was born in a village on the western fringes of Vienna on February 7, 1870 (Adler University, 2008). He was third of the seven children. Early on, he developed rickets, which made motor movements difficult and painful for him and he was unable to walk until the age of four. From the very young age Adler decided to become a physician due to his interactions with doctors and rapidly became very interested in the subjects of psychology, sociology and also philosophy. At University of Vienna, he specialized as an eye doctor, and later in neurology and psychiatry. In 1895 Adler received a medical degree from the University of Vienna during which he had become attached to a group of socialist students and found his wife, Raissa Timofeyewna Epstein, who was an intellectual and social activist from Russia studying in Vienna. Adler and Raissa married in 1897 and had four children. Their children grew up to become a writer, two psychiatrist and a Socialist activist. Adler began his medical career as an ophthalmologist, but switched to general practice and established his office in Vienna across from a circus. His patients included circus employees, and it has...
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...B. ALFRED ADLER proposed an Individual Psychology Theory of Personality Basic Principles of Classical Adlerian Psychology Alfred Adler (1870-1937) developed the first holistic theory of personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy that was intimately connected to a humanistic philosophy of living. His lectures and books for the general public are characterized by a crystal clear common sense. His clinical books and journal articles reveal an uncommon understanding of mental disorder, a deep insight into the art of healing, and a great inspiration for encouraging optimal human development. Adler's essential principles are as follows. Unity of the Individual Thinking, feeling, emotion, and behavior can only be understood as subordinated to the individual's style of life, or consistent pattern of dealing with life. The individual is not internally divided or the battleground of conflicting forces. Each aspect of the personality points in the same direction. Goal Orientation There is one central personality dynamic derived from the growth and forward movement of life itself. It is a future-oriented striving toward a goal of significance, superiority, or success. Self-Determination and Uniqueness The goal may be influenced by hereditary and cultural factors, but it ultimately springs from the creative power of the individual, and is consequently unique. Social Context As an indivisible whole, a system, the human being is also a part of larger wholes or systems--the family...
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...ALFRED ADLER Alfred Adler urodził się w 1870 roku w Wiedniu w rodzinie należącej do klasy średniej, a zmarł w 1937 roku w Aberdeen w Szkocji, gdzie przybył w celu prowadzenia wykładów. Ukończył studia medyczne w 1895 roku na uniwersytecie w Wiedniu. Początkowo specjalizował się w oftalmologii, a następnie, po pewnym okresie praktykowania w zakresie medycyny ogólnej, został psychiatrą. Był jednym z członków założycieli Wiedeńskiego Towarzystwa Psychoanalitycznego, a później jego przewodniczącym. Wkrótce jednak Adler zaczął rozwijać idee, które odbiegały od koncepcji Freuda oraz przekonań innych członków Towarzystwa; gdy różnice te stały się drastyczne, poproszono go, by przedstawił swe poglądy Towarzystwu. Adler uczynił to w 1911 roku i w wyniku gwałtownej krytyki i oskarżeń kierowanych przeciw jego stanowisku przez innych członków Towarzystwa zrezygnował z funkcji przewodniczącego, a kilka miesięcy później zerwał ostatecznie swe powiązania z psychoanalizą freudowska. Później Adler utworzył własną grupę; reprezentowany przez nią kierunek, który nazwano psychologią indywidualną, zyskał zwolenników na całym świecie. w czasie I Wojny Światowej Adler służył jako lekarz w armii austriackiej, a po wojnie zainteresował się poradnictwem dziecięcym i założył pierwsze poradnie tego typu powiązane z wiedeńskim systemem szkolnym. Z jego inicjatywy powstała w Wiedniu szkoła eksperymentalna, w której wcielał w życie swoje teorie kształcenia. W 1935 roku Adler osiedlił się w Stanach Zjednoczonych...
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...The important contributors of the theory, the theory of helping, the relationship the helper and the client, the kinds of problems that can be addressed with this theory, the population on which this technique is used. The multicultural issues in using this approach as well as what we have found during our research for the Adlerian therapy. The History: The history of Adlerian Theory was inspired by Freudian psychoanalysis. The foundering philosopher and psychiatrist was Alfred Adler (1870-1937) born in Vienna and later came to the USA in 1934; it was reinforced and strengthens by Rudolf Dreikurs in America. It was circulated throughout American elementary schools during the guidance movement by Don Dinkmeyer. (Adlerian Psychotherapy, 2009, para. 3) The Adlerian Theory started with Adler addressing the crucial and contemporary issues as equality, parent education, the influence of birth order, lifestyle, and the holism of individuals” (a.ukn., 2012, Para. 1). Theory Beliefs: Adler started his theory on the belief that we all have one basic desire and goal: to belong and to feel significant. Adlerian Psychology focuses on people’s efforts to compensate for their self-perceived inferiority to others. Alder stressed the need to understand individuals within their social context. The theory and application of Adlerian psychology hub on seven critical ideas which are: Unity of the Individual, Goal Orientation, Self-Determination and Uniqueness, Social Context...
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...Analytical Theory & Individual Theory Amanda Unruh PSY 405 August 6, 2012 When people hear the term “psychology”, most of them probably think of Sigmund Freud, who was the founder of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. The psychodynamic approach is still widely used today to understand relationships between people, the interaction of drives and forces inside a person (especially the unconscious), and distinguish the different structures of the human personality. Karen Horney developed the Psychoanalytical Social Theory and Alfred Adler developed the Individual Theory, which are two theories that have proved to be interesting from the readings. (NNDB, 2012) Alfred Adler was an Austrian medical doctor and psychologist who was known for being the creator of Individual Psychology. He believed that the patient must be treated as a “whole person” where he emphasizes how individuals tried to combine feelings, thoughts, attitudes, values, and actions to accomplish their goals. His theory indicates that man’s main thoughts and behaviors are a result of his determination for superiority and power, which can be compensating for any feelings of inferiority (individual psychology, 2012). (NNDB, 2012) Adler’s theory based personality off of the order of birth, gender, and the age gap among siblings. He believed that individuals come up with a childhood story about themself that leads their views and choices throughout life, and being able to cooperate with other people for...
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...Adlerian Theory Alfred Alder, a contemporary of Freud, chose to distance himself from Freud and his theories of human behavior. Alder developed his own approach to therapy based on his belief that people’s behaviors and skills are a result of their experiences and emotions. This belief led to the development of the Adlerian Theory, also known as Individual Psychology (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). Core Constructs of Adlerian Theory Adler believed that people have a self-image that guides their decisions, and that their self-image is a direct result of their childhood. Adler also believed that people are socially motivated and that a person’s actions are purposeful and aimed at meeting goals (Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). Adler also felt that birth order and family constellation impacted a person’s self-image. It was Adler’s belief that helping people understand their own private logic and how it impacts their lifestyle choices will help the client to reframe their faulty perceptions of themselves and in turn, make improved lifestyle choices. Adlerian Theory in Action In our video vignette, Dr. Carlson is continuing to learn about Gina’s lifestyle. Dr. Carlson asks Gina to describe herself in order to understand how she sees herself. Gina states that she is determined. Dr. Carlson asks her what she is determined to do, and she responds she is determined to be happy and for her children to be happy. By asking what she is determined to do, Dr. Carlson is able...
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...school and institutional settings. Its popularity can be attributed to its hopefulness and its useful application in multiple settings, such as in groups or families. Even as more research needs to be conducted on its practice, this approach remains a popular way of working with people of all stages and backgrounds. It emphasizes the future, holism, and choice and focuses on the importance of childhood and behavioral goals. Ordinal family positions, lifestyle, and the importance of socialization and encouragement are a few areas that have made strong contributions to the helping professions. Named after Alfred Adler, Adlerian therapy basically highlights birth order, individual life styles, social interests, and concepts pertaining to inferiority and superiority as principle components of personality. For Adler, psychological health is determined by the level of social contribution beneficial to the greater community. Social contribution is increased through the reduction of mistaken beliefs, which frequently lead to maladaptive feelings of inferiority or superiority. Helping clients to identify and change their beliefs about self, others and life, the basic goal of the Adlerian approach helps clients to participate more in a social world. (Corey 2009) Strengths Adlerian therapy is diverse, both in practice and in theory. This flexibility is seen by many as one of its greatest strengths. Because of its emphasis on goals, the social leanings...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment When people think of psychology, many think of it as a science but in reality, psychology has different levels with many dimensions. Psychology is compounded with many theories and studies that by trial, and error, have made psychology into the discipline that it has become today. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler are just a few scholars that have helped psychology become the science studied today. One must remember that these men are psychologists, yet they all possessed very different views and theories from one another. Sigmund Freud Probably one of the best known psychologist’s is Sigmund Freud; he has been the most influential on psychodynamic ideas. His psychodynamic therapy was used to cover the theories of personality and a source of therapy to go along with it. He believed that human behavior comes from three types of intuitions or impulses, which are the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is responsible for unconscious thoughts of personal pleasures. The id grows into the ego, which is basically on a conscious level and is thought to protect one’s self or self-preservation. The ego becomes the superego, which develops to consist of thoughts on one’s moral judgments and conscience. The id, the ego, and the superego are supposed to work together to form human behavior (George, 2008). Freud believed that traits of one’s behavior started at birth, which led him to break down behavior into stages...
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...Theory of Individual Psychology Diana Dias Brandman University Individual Psychology Personality Theory The theory of individual psychology is based on Alfred Adler’s individual psychology proposal. Adler’s personality theory, individual psychology is a theory of human behavior stressing the attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority by benefiting the commitment to accomplish personal goals that have a purpose in the community (Schultz, 113). From his perspective he saw everyone as being social. We are all different individuals but our personalities are different based on our communication with others and our surroundings (Schultz, 113). He also thought the route of our personalities was based on the conscious versus the unconscious because more importantly we are always working on ourselves and managing our future. Summary of major principles One of the first major principles of individual psychology is “The Source for Human Striving.” Due to Alfred Adler’s early experience with his illness he felt he provided more on the inferiority and superiority complexes. In individual psychology inferiority complexes are a natural circumstance of all individuals or otherwise known as all humans striving (Shultz, 116). To overcome the inferiority complex you need to have compensation, which are the effort people need to conquer the feeling of inferiority and to tackle for more high levels of development. According to the individual psychology theory this action starts from...
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...Grounding theories The theoretical works of Psychologists Alfred Adler, (1930) Abraham Maslow, (1960) and John Bowlby (1969) offer the foundational underpinnings for this study. The Need to Belong (NTB) is deeply rooted in Adlerian therapy and is pivotal to effective treatment of psychological disorders and individual mental health (Shifron, 2010). Adler (1930) claimed that human beings possess an essential need to belong which is met through connecting with others and through contributing to the larger community: family, school, society. (Adler, 1930; Shifron, 2010). Maslow (1943) viewed the need to belong second in his Hierarchy of Needs suggesting that the human drive for affection and belonging were second only to the physiological needs...
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...When you compare and contrast the theories of Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Karen Horney and Erik Erikson with the theories of Freud, you will see that their theoretical perspectives, major concepts and approaches to theory have a little bit of the same views and some very different views from each other. Carl Jung's method in psychotherapy is similar to Freud's. In some rare cases, if the Freudian approach is not acceptable, Jung would implement an equivalent method that would guide the patient to a personal dispute with the archetypes within the collective unconscious(Burger, Ch5, pg101). This dispute aims at the consumption of archetypal images; the individuation process leads to the awareness of the psychic wholeness made in conjunction with the conscious and unconscious. The conscious mind needs to include archetypal materials of the basics of completeness. Jung’s own experiences with schizophrenic people has built up his idea of the collective unconscious. He initially followed the Freudian theory of the unconscious forming wishes that were suppressed and later refined his own theory on the unconscious, the most important part being the archetype. Archetypes make up the structure of the collective unconscious; they are psychic intrinsic dispositions that lead to knowledge and represent human behavior and certain positions (Burger, Ch5, pg102). Things like mysterious and religious involvements, power and failure, and also birth and death are controlled by archetypes. Self...
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...Personality Overview Lindsey Schupska PSY/405 Barry Brooks September 17, 2012 Personality Overview Over time there have been many theories of personality developed. Each theory has its strengths and weaknesses, along with different ideas and concepts. Some of the different concepts that are related to these different theories are basic underlying assumptions, whether it is deterministic versus free will, and the awareness of self. Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler are two of the theorists who constructed theories of personality. Analyzing the strengths and limitations of each of these men’s theories, along with whether the theory is deterministic or free will and what level of awareness of self consists in each theory will give a better understanding of where these theories came from. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was one of the most influential theorists and the founder of the psychoanalytical theory of personality. Freud believed that the mind was broken into two different parts, the conscious, and the unconscious. The unconscious mind consists of thoughts that are unknown and desires that motivate an individual's behaviors. The conscious mind consists of the thoughts, feelings, and urges that an individual is aware of. According to McLeod (2007) Freud’s theory of personality consisted of three different components, which are the id, ego, and the superego. Freud believed that all three of these components came together to make up an individual’s personality...
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...assumptions, deterministic versus free-will positions, and conscious versus unconscious motives for behavior. Personality Theories Analyzed In the field of psychology, there is currently no agreed-upon definition of personality among psychologists (Feist & Feist, 2009). Each person is unique and so is his or her personality. Since many personalities are vastly different from one another, exploring various theories allows for different views on personality to be considered. Each person is unique and so is his or her personality. Therefore, taking a thorough look at two major personality theories and comparing them together is one way to increase our understanding about personality. Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory and Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychological Theory are the two particular theories...
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