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Altered Sleep–Wake Cycles and Physical Performance in Athletes

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Submitted By Nanditjie
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Physiology & Behavior 90 (2007) 274 – 284

Altered sleep–wake cycles and physical performance in athletes
Thomas Reilly ⁎, Ben Edwards
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Henry Cotton Campus, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, United Kingdom Received 14 August 2006; accepted 4 September 2006

Abstract Sleep–waking cycles are fundamental in human circadian rhythms and their disruption can have consequences for behaviour and performance. Such disturbances occur due to domestic or occupational schedules that do not permit normal sleep quotas, rapid travel across multiple meridians and extreme athletic and recreational endeavours where sleep is restricted or totally deprived. There are methodological issues in quantifying the physiological and performance consequences of alterations in the sleep–wake cycle if the effects on circadian rhythms are to be separated from the fatigue process. Individual requirements for sleep show large variations but chronic reduction in sleep can lead to immuno-suppression. There are still unanswered questions about the sleep needs of athletes, the role of ‘power naps’ and the potential for exercise in improving the quality of sleep. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Circadian rhythm; Exercise; Jet-lag; Shift-work

1. Introduction The sleep–wakefulness cycle is the most discernable of human circadian functions, activity being associated with the hours of daylight and sleep with the hours of darkness. This recurrence on a daily basis is linked with responses of the pineal gland to the environment, its secretion of melatonin being promoted at dusk and inhibited on exposure to morning light. There is a myriad of other biological functions that are knit into a common system of circadian rhythms, cycles in behaviour and in biological functions that recur with a

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