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American Gay Culture

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term civil union to describe their marital status, which was a huge advance for the marginalized community.
After the legalization of same-sex marriage in Vermont and the advances of gay activists in Massachusetts, a strong and adverse reaction to same-sex marriage started developing in the country. In 2004, President George W. Bush organized and promoted an anti-gay marriage campaign hoping to win the presidency for the second time. Bush put forward the plan of amending the constitution in order to ban gay marriage during his campaign, and he won in all 11 states due to an increase in evangelical attendance at voting polls. Once on his second presidential term, Bush supported the passage of a constitutional amendment that would outlaw same-sex …show more content…
The growing shift in support was mainly caused by people knowing someone, a family member, friend, or acquaintance, that is homosexual. According to a 2004 study “65 percent of those who reported knowing someone gay favored gay marriage or civil unions”(Harvard Law Today 2013), which explained the growing support for the LGBT community. In addition, popular television shows like Friends and Mad About You, which previously rejected having gay characters on screen, were now bringing gay marriage to the spotlight and celebrities such as Ellen DeGeneres, who came out publicly in 1997 on her show with an active audience of forty-six million, contributed on changing people’s views about homosexuality. These changes were important for legalizing gay marriage because they encouraged gays and lesbians to come out of the closet, and therefore, be more open, visible, and proud of who they are as well as to fight for their rights and challenge the …show more content…
The book The Irony of Democracy: An Uncommon Introduction To American Politics defines pluralist theory as “Multiple competing groups that individuals join or create and that make demands on government”(Schubert 2014, 11-13). Same-sex marriage was achieved through decades of social activism and the positive shift in public opinion to support it thus, challenging the patriarchal and heterosexist ideologies of society. It was the effort and hard work of a social movement and interest groups, which supported the community and often challenged other conservative groups, that changed the country into becoming more accepting of homosexuality and same-sex marriage, therefore people do have an influence over the government as opposed to the belief that people have minimal to zero influence over social policies, which is often described in an elite theory point of view. However, it is possible that same-sex marriage fits into the elitist point of view as well. Elitism refers to the approach of “describing society focusing on the few with power, their values, their behavior, and their demographics” (Schubert 2014, 1-2). Elites tend to be highly responsive to the demands of the masses. The gay movement may have also reflected in the elite system in such a way that the elite changed their perspective on gay marriage and homosexuality because of the massive

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