...INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY INTRODUCTION Employee or labour welfare is a comprehensive term including various services, benefits and facilities offered to employees by the employer. Through such generous fringe benefits the employer makes life worth living for employees. The welfare amenities are extended in addition to normal wages and other economic rewards available to employees as per the legal provisions. According to Dr. Parandikar, “Labour welfare work is work for improving the health, safety and general well being and the industrial efficiency of the workers beyond the minimum standard laid down by labour legislation” Welfare measures may also be provided by the government, trade unions and non-government agencies in addition the employer. The basic purpose of labour welfare is to enrich the life of employees and keep them happy and contented. Welfare measures may be both statutory and voluntary. Labour laws require the employer to extend certain benefits to employees in addition to wages. Voluntary benefits are the result of employer’s generosity, enlightenment and philanthropic feelings. MEANING OF EMPLOYEE WELFARE According to the Oxford dictionary employee welfare or labour welfare means “the efforts to make life worth living for workmen”. According to the Labour Investigation Committee (1946), employee welfare means “anything done for intellection physical, moral and economic betterment of the workers...
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...2002). According to Stone (2002), advocates of market mechanisms for policy making might argue that an exchange is efficient if it maximizes welfare at the present moment; inhabitants of the polis live over the long run and consider the time dimension a crucial part of most decisions. Another broad set challenges from the polis question, that an individual makes exchanges on the basis of full information about the objective alternatives and their subjective preferences. The challenge is impossible to have the type of information necessary for voluntary exchanges to result in efficiency. The market model requires accurate and complete information. But in the polis, information is always incomplete, interpretive and deliberately controlled. People can never have full information about the alternative available for satisfying their goals. Even if the money cost of information were zero, there would still be enormous time costs to process all the free information. Long term consequences are at issue in many public policy decisions as well-whether to use nuclear power as a major source of energy, whether to stake national defense on space based weapons or whether to treat welfare as a federal entitlement or a matter of state discretion. A third set of challenges focuses on market theory equation of societal welfare with individual welfare. These challenges reject the...
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...History of Minority Population in the Child Welfare System Victoria Chatman BSHS 301 July 2, 2012 Pamela Hardy History of Minority Population in the Child Welfare System The United States has more children living in poverty than any other industrialized nation. It comes as no surprise that out of the 20% of poverty stricken children in America, African American, and Latino children exceed 40%. In fact, children of color are overrepresented in the foster care system and are the least likely to be reunited with their families. This overrepresentation is driven by, racial discrimination, social oppression, negative social conditions, and economic injustice. But this is not to exclude racism within the child welfare system in itself. The child welfare specialists are encouraged to respond with familiarity and compassion to individuals from a wide diversity of cultural backgrounds. “… Social welfare systems do not arise in a vacuum; they stem from the customs, statutes, and practices of the past. Therefore, one cannot understand current efforts to help the needy without first comprehending the foundations on which they were built.” --Walter I. Trattner History of African Americans Social welfare developed from both communal and secluded services in the United States and North America. Most social welfare policy experts take the place before 1932 and the formation of governmentally supported programs. Even the most exclusive services were provided under segregated policies...
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...on United States Welfare: Federally funded and governed US welfare began in the 1930's during the Great Depression. The US government responded to the overwhelming number of families and individuals in need of aid by creating a welfare program that would give assistance to those who had little or no income. The US welfare system stayed in the hands of the federal government for the next sixty-one years. Welfare system reform became a hot topic in the1990's. Bill Clinton was elected as President with the intention of reforming the federally run US Welfare program. In 1996 the Republican Congress passed a reform law signed by President Clinton that gave the control of the welfare system back to the states. The United States provides many different Welfare programs to help meet the needs of citizens with lower incomes and also programs that are intended to help citizens progress out of their current living situations. Some programs are common knowledge, but there are also other programs that most people don’t are under the Social Welfare umbrella. Why is Social Welfare a Social Problem? Social Welfare is a social problem because they are government programs citizens are forced to pay into whether they support it or not, limiting their choice of how they want their money to be used. Social Welfare is also a program that supports thousands of individuals and families who may not be able to support themselves. There is great debate on whether social welfare programs should be...
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...Populations in the Child Welfare System Honore'-Collins, C. P. (2005). THE IMPACT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN INCARCERATION ON AFRICAN AMERICAN CHILDREN IN THE CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM. Race, Gender & Class, 12(3/4), 107-118. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. African Americans are excessively represented in child welfare systems and in the American Judiciary System. The history of America shows how discriminatory laws have affected those in the two systems. It took the struggle of civil rights for African American children to be included in the child welfare system. Steps are needed to control the overwhelming numbers of African Americans represented in both systems. There is still much need for qualitative and quantitave research involving the connectivity between the two systems so that social workers, researchers, political scientists, and policy makers can make an attempt to collaborate and find alternative prevention plans. Service provisions are needed to address African Americans and their children in these situations. Documentation is necessary from those working in both systems over the inclusion of African Americans in these systems. Lundgren, Lena M., Robert F. Schilling, and Susan D. Peloquin. "Evidence-based drug treatment practice and the child welfare system: the example of methadone." Social Work 50.1 (2005): 53+. General OneFile. Web. 10 July 2011. Child welfare agencies should have policies to promote training programs so that the social workers may become knowledgeable...
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...The United States a Welfare State The purpose of a government is to set boundaries or laws for a society, as well as to offer welfare. Welfare is defined as health and happiness, but also the opportunity to achieve those wants and needs. The United States is a country that is known to be a place where one can strive to become or undertake whatever dream one may have, although it may become difficult depending on one’s economic status. The United States does offer welfare such as, social security, food stamps, medicaid, and others. However, if one were to compare the U.S. with Denmark, a famous welfare state, the two don’t measure up. Although the United States does offer welfare subsides, it does restrict lower income citizens from obtaining...
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...Welfare programs in USA Abstract This research will provide information regarding basic welfare programs in USA. Welfare state is a government that provides for the total well-beeing of its citizens and is akin to socialism. However, very few true welfare states exist. The United States is a good example of this as it provides some social insurance or entitlement programs to its citizens but does not espouse socialism. As socialism and democracy cannot go hand in hand, therefore, it is impossible for the United States to be one of the true welfare states. The United States does make efforts to provide for persons in need through a myriad of social service programs known as welfare. Welfare encompasses those government programs that provide benefits and economic assistance to no or low income Americans. It can also be defined as financial assistance to impoverished Americans which is supplied through the taxes paid by the working class. One of the main goals of welfare programs in USA is to improve the quality of life and living standards for the poor and underprivileged. Welfare help is usually extended to people groups other than just the poor and underprivileged such as the elderly, the disabled, students, and unpaid workers, such as mothers and caregivers Welfare programs available in the United States include: Medicaid, Food Stamps, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Housing and Urban Development (HUD) programs, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Head Start...
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...Running Head: Welfare State in America Welfare State Abstract In 1977, then Budget Director for the state of New York, Peter Goldmark, offered his thoughts regarding social welfare programs. “Welfare”, he said, “is hated by those who administer it, mistrusted by those who pay for it and held in contempt by those that recieve it.” Goldmark was certainly not alone in his assessment of social welfare programs. Indeed while the notion of using public funds to help the destitue get back on their feet in a noble concept for left-leaning idealists, in practical application, it has generated more controversy from both sides of the American political aisle than it has addressed poverty in America. This contorvery has become more heated in light of the two recessions and the housing collapse of late 2009. For this research paper, I will be going the history of Welfare in America. The purpose of this research paper is to look at how and why welfare became a policy and how it has changed since its inception. The sources that I have used are from published literature. In conclusion, the reader will have better knowledge on welfare, the history and changes. I first became interested in the subject of Welfare after working for the Ohio Department of Jobs and Family services; where I met with families and processed their eligibilty for: Food Stamps, Ohio Works First (cash assistence) and Medicaid. Unfortuanlty, durning my training as a case worker no history was given...
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...their wisdom and sagacity." (1) As a culture this should have been the law of the land, however over the last six decades or so America’s elderly population have not only been stripped off their money, but also of their social standing, political rights and the level of care they are given. If you consider that in the day and age in which we live a man who is retiring at the age of 65 is maybe able to retire, maybe not, and after probably around 40 years of being part of the work force the amount of money he will be able to retire with is less than a third of what he would have retired with in 1940 when the life expectancy was much longer as well. (1) The first national Social Security was implemented in 1883 and the “magic-age” of 65 was determined as the age when a person should be eligible to no longer work and be taken care by his or her government. It is important to address here that the average life expectancy at this time was only 37 years old. So from its inception only about 54% of men and 62% of women even lived to be the age of 65 and now 130 years later the average American lives to be nearly 78 with some people living way past there. This longevity of life has put quite a damper on the government’s plans. (2) Over time the government’s social security plan began paying out more money then it was taking in. As the government began taking in less money that this aging population would have access to the medical cost for the elderly was simultaneously skyrocketing...
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...Federal Policies - Welfare and Unemployment Miesha White Western International University American National Government GSI1405E Daniel Flynn Febuary 18, 2014 Federal Policies - Welfare and Unemployment In this essay I will provide information on Welfare and Unemployment Polices and how it causes national debates as sell as the conflicting federalism issues it creates. Federalism “is the formal division of authority and power between states and the national government”. (Levin-Waldman, 2012, Chapter 3). The American federal system is set up so that all of the states and national government within are equal in control. It is in that “equality” that the debates, pro and cons of these policies occur. If every states is equal and has equal control over the nation’s government policies, why is that these policies differ from state to state? Welfare and Unemployment were both created for assistance to the people of the nation who were in need. Welfare began in around 1911 when the United States adopted “England’s poor house laws.” ("Welfare," n.d., para. 4) The U.S. has had some form of Welfare in place since before our independence was won. In 1935 “during the Great Depression, when emergency relief measures were introduced under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Roosevelt's New Deal focused predominantly on a program of providing work and stimulating the economy through public spending on projects, rather than on cash payment.” ("Welfare," n.d., para. 4) President...
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...According to Day & Schiele in their text (A New History of Social Welfare), state that social welfare programs have two major functions: social treatment and social control. (a) Discuss your understanding of these two functions. (b) Identify two “Dominate American Values”, and discuss how these values have influenced the development of today’s existing social policies and social welfare system. Provide examples? Social welfare programs have two major functions: social treatment and social control. Social treatment is “the provision of goods and services for the enhancement of human life” (Day & Schiele, 2013, p. 35). Programs like SNAP and Medicare are the services that are meant to help with this enhancement. Social control is “the provision...
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...History of Human Services “Social work in the US today, as elsewhere, reflects the historical, social, cultural, and political context in which it is situated” (Arnd-Caddigan & Puzzuto, 2008, p. 68). Understanding the history of human services is necessary to gain a complete understanding of human services. American human services practice was greatly influenced by the English social welfare system; thus, it is important to understand the history of English social welfare to understand American human services (Martin, 2011). The history of English social welfare systems begin with the feudal system of the Middle Ages. Under the feudal system, landowners would allow serfs to live on and farm the land (Martin, 2011). The landowners were expected to care for the needs of their serfs. During this era, the church emphasized charity, and individuals felt that poverty was necessary to be charitable as demanded by God (Martin, 2011). After the decline of the feudal system, England introduced the poor laws. The poor laws stated that poverty would be dealt with in the community and changed the perspective of poverty (Martin, 2011). Only those who were determined to be worthy poor were allowed to beg or receive other benefits, and the unworthy were punishable by law. The Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601 organized the previous poor laws and served as a model for American human service laws (Martin,2011). These laws had three basic principles, greatest responsibility of providing for one’s...
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...summit for social development after the golden age: the future of the welfare state in the new global order by gøsta esping-andersen unrisd united nations research institute for social development UNRISD work for the Social Summit is being carried out with the support and co-operation of the United Nations Development Programme. Proof-reading and layout: Rhonda Gibbes Dissemination: Adrienne Cruz UNRISD/OP/94/7 ISSN 1020-2285 Copyright United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). Short extracts from this publication may be reproduced unaltered without authorization on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to UNRISD, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. UNRISD welcomes such applications. UNRISD publications can be obtained from the same address. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute. after the golden age: the future of the welfare state in the new global order occasional paper no. 7 world summit for social development ...
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...Annotated Bibliography Monique Barcus BSHS/302 May 28, 2012 Maxine Proctor Annotated Bibliography Honore'-Collins, C. P. (2005). THE IMPACT OF AFRICAN AMERICAN INCARCERATION ON AFRICAN AMERICAN CHILDREN IN THE CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM. Race, Gender & Class, 12(3/4), 107-118. Retrieve May 28, 2012 The purpose of this article is to concentrate on how African Americans’ families have been separate, from their children and from society do to incarceration. Cynthia P. Honre’- Collins a PH. D. Candidate at Jackson State University who studies college of public service, school of social work Ph. D. Program. Has documented that throughout history the United States Laws have discriminated against a large group of African Americans. Also how the Child Welfare system Laws and practices has made African American children separated from other Americans in society. The author illustrates how the percentage of African Americans has been increasing in the incarcerated population over the last decade. This is a good article source because it present information how United States laws, discrimination, and child welfare has took a turn in the wrong direction for African Americans. Thus how drugs are what cause African Americans to this issue, also how African American children are place into the foster care system and children having to be place out-side of the home some where they are not familiar with. "The 2005 index of childhood well-being." Child Protection Law Report...
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...series of domestic programs geared to help the unemployed, the poor, and African American citizens during President D Roosevelt’s tenure. The New Deal was described by many as the relief, recovery, and reform act. The New Deal prevented many Americans from going hungry doing the great depression. While some say that the New Deal was the stepping stone for reform in America, many African Americans, could argue against this. The New Deal in its early formation did nothing to impact the racial barriers in the African American community however as it developed it did share light on the racial tensions that African Americans suffered during this era. It not only showed that the racial tension existed it showed that they existed on a higher level than just a county level. That it was now an issue bigger than county it was now an as a global issue. The New Deal prevented most citizens in America during the Great Depression from starving…“It reformed national institutional structures to meet the massive needs of millions of Americans in poverty (Marx, J.D., Broussard, C.A., Hopper, F.A., & Worster, D. 2010. Social Work and Social Welfare: An Introduction).” Although the New Deal met the needs of several Americans, it had little impact on the African- American community. It did not bring to an end the tremendous injustices that African Americans had to suffer from on a day-to-day basis. It had many discriminatory connotations...
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