...NT1310 Week 2 – Unit 2 Assignment 1 Service Provider Types There are five different types of telecommunication types to date. First of which is RBOC – (regional bell operating company) which was a telephone company created as a result of the breakup of AT&T. The seven original regional Bell companies were Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, NYNEX, Pacific Bell, Southwestern Bell, and US WEST. The reason why this was so important was because these companies are what provided local telephone service while AT&T provided the long distance phone service. These are what made up the Local Exchanges or the LEC’s. ILEC or incumbent local exchange carrier was a telephone provider that provided local service prior to the telecommunications act of 1996. These play a major role because these carriers are what own the local loops/exchange and facilities in that area. CLEC’s are the exact same thing except they are the competitor to the ILEC’s but provided their own networking and switches for local service. MSO or Multi system Operator – is owner of multiple cable and satellite television systems. This ties into what an ISP is. An ISP is simply and Internet service provider that provides a mean for accessing the internet. MSO is majorly known for being cable companies, because of this cable companies are providing internet to cable customers (usually as bundles with their plan). They work within each other because they...
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...| 2014 | | ITT Technical Institute Ryan Zagorski | [Service Provider Types] | | RBOCS RBOCS stands for Regional Bell Operating Companies. They are made up of Ameritech, Verizon, BellSouth, Cincinnati Bell, SBC Communications, Southern New England Telephone Company, and Qwest Communications International. They are important to telecommunications because they are some of the telephone companies that provide us telephone service, internet service, and also mobile phone services. ILEC ILEC (Incumbent local Exchange Carrier) is a telephone company that provided local communication services before the Telecommunications Act of 1996. They included the Bell operating companies that were broken up into the RBOCs. They are important because the local exchange “central office” connect communications to other local exchanges and interexchange carriers. CLEC CLEC stands for competitive local exchange carrier. It is a telephone company that competes with the other already established telephone companies by providing their own network and switching. They are important because they do the same things that an ILEC does. MSO MSO (Multiple System Operator) is another term for a cable company. Any company that services multiple communities with cable television or direct satellite television is considered a MSO. MSOs are important because the provide communities with services such as television, and some of them offer internet and even telephone services. ISP ...
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...Tomalika Thompson March 28, 2015 NT1310/ Thursday Evening Unit 2 Assignment 1 Service Provider Types RBOCS also known as regional bell operating companies is the term to better define the seven companies spun off from AT&T in 1984. The initial seven were Ameritech, BellSouth, Bell Atlantic, Nynex, Southwestern Bell, Pacific Telesis and US West. RBOCS provides a local loop services to most of the United States by functioning as local exchange carriers, while AT&T was left to provide long distance carrier services and to function as an interior exchange carrier. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 allowed RBOCs and independent LECs to compete with existing IXCs for long-distance carrier business, allowed mergers, and essentially opened up the telecommunications market to all kinds of companies, including cable television companies. Of the seven original RBOCs, only five remain today. ILEC also known as incumbent local exchange carrier is a telephone company that provided local services when the Telecommunications Act 1996 was enacted. ILEC held the regional monopoly on landline service before the market was opened to competitive local exchange carriers, or the corporate successor of such a firm. ILEC has been absorbed into Verizon, an RBOC. In some areas, an independent telephone company is responsible for providing local telephone exchange services in a specified geographic area. CLEC also known as competitive local exchange carrier is a telephone...
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...Service Provider Types RBOCS Regional Bell Operating Companies were formed as a result of the breakup of AT&T and are based on a restructuring agreement that took effect in 1984. The RBOCs were organized into seven regional Bell holding companies called Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, Bell South, Nynex, Pacific Telesis, Southwestern Bell, and US West. Each RBOC was assigned a specific geographical area, and each geographical area was divided into service areas called LATAs (local access and transport areas). ILEC Is a local telephone company which held the regional monopoly on landline service before the market was opened to competitive local exchange carriers, or the corporate successor of such a firm. CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier. CLEC is always in competition with the ILEC which is an already-established, local telephone provider. One basic difference between an Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier and a Competitive Local Exchange Carrier is that the ILEC provides service to the public, and the CLEC has the right to compete for that business but is not indebted to provide the same plane of service. MSO is an operator of multiple cable or direct-broadcast satellite television systems. the term today is usually reserved for companies that own a large number of cable systems, such as Rogers Communications, Shaw Communications, and Videotron in Canada; Cablevision, Charter Communications, Comcast, Cox Communications, and Time Warner Cable in the United States;...
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...1929: Herbert Hoover is first president of the United States with a phone on his desk. 1957: Pagers were field tested in Allentown and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 1960: The first push button telephones are test-marketed in Findlay, Ohio. 1963: Hotline established between White House and Kremlin following the Cuban missile crisis 1968: 911 chosen as the United States emergency number. 1972: First e-mail message. 1984: First cellular phones come on the market. 1997: Verizon Communications (formerly Bell Atlantic) Merged with NYNEX 1997: AT&T Acquired Pacific Telesis 1998: AT&T Acquired SNET, the World Wide Web is born, The Internet connections were dial tone over phone lines. 1999: AT&T Acquired Ameritech 2000: Cell phones were able to access the Internet "Web Phone" combining the traditional telephone with an LCD touch-screen and a retractable keyboard, customers could surf the Internet, check e-mail, make phone calls and check voice mail over their cell phone. 2000: The "Thin Phone" integrates wireless Internet access with local wireless phone service, Verizon Communications (formerly Bell Atlantic) Acquired GTE, Quest Communications Acquired US West 2005: Verizon...
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...first president of the United States with a phone on his desk. 1957: Pagers were field tested in Allentown and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 1960: The first push button telephones are test-marketed in Findlay, Ohio. 1963: Hotline established between White House and Kremlin following the Cuban missile crisis 1968: 911 chosen as the United States emergency number. 1972: First e-mail message. 1984: First cellular phones come on the market. 1997: Verizon Communications (formerly Bell Atlantic) Merged with NYNEX 1997: AT&T Acquired Pacific Telesis 1998: AT&T Acquired SNET, the World Wide Web is born, The Internet connections were dial tone over the phone lines. 1999: AT&T Acquired Ameritech 2000: Cell phones were able to access the Internet "Web Phone" combining the traditional telephone with an LCD touch-screen and a retractable keyboard, customers could surf the Internet, check e-mail, make phone calls and check voice mail over their cell phone. 2000: The "Thin Phone" integrates wireless Internet access with local wireless phone service, Verizon Communications (formerly Bell Atlantic) Acquired GTE, Quest Communications Acquired US West 2003: OFTEL and RA were combined into a new Office of Communications changing regulatory...
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...Nt1330 Service Provider Types RBOCS Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCS) was formed in 1984 due to the breakup of AT&T based on a restructure agreement. RBOCs were organized into seven regional Bell holding companies called Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, Bell South, Nynex, Pacific Telesis, Southwestern Bell, and US West. The BOCs were given the right to provide local phone service while AT&T was allowed to retain its long-distance service. RBOCs are progressively making available new telephone carrier technologies such as ISDN and DSL. (Margaret Rouse, 2008) LECS & ILECs Local exchange carriers (LECs) are separated into mandatory LECs (ILECs) and competitive LECs (CLECs).These carriers use the public switched telephone network system for accessing consumers. Unbundling the network helps to create the ability for CLECs to compete with ILECs. This is discussed as local-loop unbundling (LLU or LLUB). MSO Multiple system operators (MSO) are operators of multiple cable television systems. The majority of system operators run cable systems in more than one community. Cable companies offer and promote television services to consumers using radio frequency over HFC hybrid fiber copper and radio frequency over glass networks. ISP ISP is an internet service provider company the offers access to the Internet. An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that an access ISP connects a consumer to the Internet using copper or fiber-optic cables, or through a wireless...
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...C15.0002 Foundations of Finance Summer 2002 Section 001: TR 12:00-2:55 PM, TISCH LC10 HOMEWORK # 3 -----To be handed in 7/30/02 QUESTIONS: 1. Ameritech Corporation paid dividends per share of $3.56 in 1992, and dividends are expected to grow 5.5% a year forever. The stock has a beta of 0.90, and the treasury bond rate is 6.25%. a) What is the value per share, using the Gordon Growth Model? b) The stock is trading for $80 per share. What would the growth rate in dividends have to be to justify this price? 2. The consensus forecast of security analysts of your favorite company is that earnings next year will be $5.00 per share. The company plows back 50% of its earnings and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) estimates that the company’s ROE is 16%. a) If your estimate of the company’s required rate of return on its stock is 10%, what should be the price of the stock? b) Suppose you observe that the stock is selling for $50.00 per share, and that this is the best estimate of its equilibrium price, what would you conclude about either your estimate of the stock’s required rate of return or the CFO’s estimate of the company’s return on equity? c) Suppose you believe your own 10 percent estimate of the stock’s required rate of return, what does the market price of $50.00 per share imply about the market’s estimate of the company’s expected return on equity? 3. Assume that the constant growth dividend growth model can be used for valuation. The SSB Corporation’s...
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...The Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOC) was formed as a result of the breakup of AT&T and is based on a restructuring agreement that took effect in 1984. The RBOCs were organized into seven regional Bell holding companies called Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, Bell South, Nynex, Pacific Telesis, Southwestern Bell, and US West. (Sheldon, 2001) The Regional Bell operating companies are important to telecommunication because they remove the monopoly that the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) had and they provided the fixed line, wireless and data service to the subscribers. The Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC) is a local telephone company in the United States that was in existence at the time of the breakup of AT&T into the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs). (Unknown, Incumbent local exchange carrier, 2012) This ILEC was providing local service when the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was enacted. This forced ILEC to open up their networks to outside competition. The Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier is important to telecommunication because they were the established providers of telephone access. The Competitive Local Exchange Carriers (CLEC) is companies that are known to provide an alternative service to the RBOCs within its territory. CLECs compete against the RBOCs in the local service areas. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 which allowed competition to the ILECs enabled new companies like CLECs to offer voice and data services via both landline...
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...Group 12 December 04, 2014 Authors: Lauren Young, Sarah Yeakel, Muhammad Alkahlout, Alejandro Perezreynoso, Festus Oguhebe Jr. AT&T Inc., a holding company incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 1983, has its main offices in Dallas, Texas. Formerly known as SBC Communications Inc. (SBC), AT&T was one of several regional holding companies originally created under AT&T Corp.’s (ATTC) local telephone companies. On January 1, 1984, SBC Communications separated from ATTC and became an independent publicly traded telecommunications services provider. The company merged with Pacific Telesis Group in 1997, Southern New England Telecommunications Corporation in 1998 and Ameritech Corporation in 1999. The merger expanded the company’s wireline operations into a total of 13 states. In November 2005, one of the SBC subsidiaries merged with ATTC, creating one of the world’s leading telecommunications providers. In connection with the merger, SBC Communications Inc. became “AT&T Inc.” Currently, AT&T has ninety-one (91) outstanding bonds. AT&T has forty-one (41) callable bonds. AT&T has a coupon rate ranging from 0.618 to 13.750 and a maturity date ranging from 2006 to 2097 (12/15/2006 to 07/15/2097). The interest rate, or yield, for the bonds ranges from -13.217 to 7.460. AT&T’s debt is rated from A to –A-. Investing in bonds depends on the goals of the investor, the time frame, and the amount of risk...
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...Deal Summary Memorandum | | | |Maria-Fe Arribas, Derek Bly, Carolina Ratto | |Deal Team Members: | | |Date: |4/09/12 | |Company Name: |Horizon Communications | |Description of Idea: |Provide local switched telecommunications services to targeted sectors of the market. These sectors include high margin | | |corporate applications, custom internet access offerings and strategic alliances with value added resellers of its services.| |Stage/Opportunity: |Start-Up Stage. Horizon has developed its network architecture and strategy but has yet to implement. | |Business Description: |Invest in state-of-the-art-switching platform capable of providing services offered by the incumbent carriers. Horizon would| | |design its switches to meet the needs of its specific target markets and engineer them to handle high volumes...
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...always been based around the company's desire to create a happier, better life. LG Electronics was established in 1958 and has since led the way into the advanced digital era thanks to the technological expertise acquired by manufacturing many home appliances such as radios and TVs. LG Electronics has unveiled many new products, applied new technologies in the form of mobile devices and digital TVs in the 21st century and continues to reinforce its status as a global company * 1958 Founded as GoldStar * 1960's Produces Korea's first radios, TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners * 1995 Renamed LG Electronics Acquires US-based Zenith * 1997 World's first CDMA digital mobile handsets supplied to Ameritech and GTE in U.S. Achieves UL certification in U.S. Develops world's first IC set for DTV * 1998 Develops world's first 60-inch plasma TV * 1999 Establishes LG Philips LCD, a joint venture with Philips * 2000 Launches world's first Internet refrigerator Exports synchronous IMT-2000 to Marconi Wireless of Italy Significant exports to Verizon Wireless in U.S. * 2001 GSM mobile handset Exports to Russia, Italy, and Indonesia Establishes market leadership in Australian CDMA market Launches world's first Internet washing machine, air conditioner, and microwave oven * 2002 Under LG Holding Company system, separates into LG Electronics and LG Corporation Full-scale export of GPRS color mobile phones to Europe Establishes...
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...Prepare answers to the following assignments from the e-text, Applied Statistics in Business and Economics, by Doane and Seward: Chapter 8 – Chapter Exercises - Like 8.48 and 8.64 but with different Numbers Chapter 8 Like 8.48 But with different numbers: A sample of 20 pages was taken without replacement from the 1,591-page phone directory Ameritech Pages Plus Yellow Pages. On each page, the mean area devoted to display ads was measured (a display ad is a large block of multicolored illustrations, maps, and text). The data (in square millimeters) are shown below: 0 520 712 806 1072 0 536 738 856 1072 536 792 938 1072 324 676 806 1072 1072 260 (a) Construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the true mean. Please show your formulas and all calculations. Must use the equation editor. Sample mean is: x=0+520+712+806+1072+0+536+738+856+1072+536+792+938+1072+324+676+806+1072+1072+26020=13,86020=693 Sample standard deviation is: xi | (xi-x)2 | 0 | 480,249 | 520 | 29,929 | 712 | 361 | 806 | 12,769 | 1072 | 143,641 | 0 | 480,249 | 536 | 24,649 | 738 | 2,025 | 856 | 26,569 | 1072 | 143,641 | 536 | 24,649 | 792 | 9,801 | 938 | 60,025 | 1072 | 143,641 | 324 | 136,161 | 676 | 289 | 806 | 12,769 | 1072 | 143,641 | 1072 | 143,641 | 260 | 187,489 | Total | 2,206,188 | 2,206,188(20-1)=340.76 Degrees of freedom are: v=n-1=20-1=19 Appendix D: t0.95=2.093 95% confidence interval is: x±tsn=693±2.093340.7620=693±159.48 ...
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...NT 1310 Physical Networking Andre Mosley Unit 2. Assignment 1. Service Provider Types 09-27-2012 RBOCS (RBOC) is a term describing one of the U.S. regional telephone companies (or their successors) that were created as a result of the breakup of American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T, known also as the Bell System or "Ma Bell") by a U.S. Federal Court consent decree on December 31, 1983. The seven original regional Bell operating companies were Ameritech, Bell Atlantic, BellSouth, NYNEX, Pacific Bell, Southwestern Bell, and US WEST. RBOCs are generally in competition for digital data and Internet traffic with wireless service providers and cable TV companies. RBOCs are gradually making available new telephone carrier technologies such as ISDN and DSL. ILEC An ILEC (incumbent local exchange carrier) is a telephone company in the U.S. that was providing local service ILECs include the former Bell operating companies which were grouped into holding companies known collectively as the regional Bell operating companies (RBOCs). A "local exchange" is the local "central office" of an LEC. Lines from homes and businesses terminate at a local exchange. Local exchanges connect to other local exchanges within a local access and transport area (LATA) or to interexchange carriers (IXC) such as long-distance carriers AT&T, MCI, and Sprint. CLEC In the United States, a CLEC (competitive local exchange carrier) is a telephone company that competes with the already...
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...GOALS OF THE ACT The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was supposed to get government out of the telecommunications business. Instead, for now, it has accomplished the opposite. While Congress set broad rules allowing local telephone, long-distance and cable companies to invade each other's turf, it left the details to the FCC. The Telecom Act deregulated many aspects of telecommunications services, allowing local telephone companies, long-distance providers and cable operators to compete for customers by offering services previously restricted by monopoly protection. For example, long-distance providers and cable operators may now offer local telephone service. Local telephone companies may offer entertainment video services through their local telephone lines to customers. Deregulation as a result of the Telecom Act is expected to increase competition by enabling telecommunication companies to expand services and service bases. But how will consumers benefit from the new competition? The removal of the barriers to competition will eventually mean lower prices, greater customer choice and control. Companies which had no competition before will be forced to become more cost-conscious and more service-oriented. In addition, users should find new technologies coming online at a faster rate, offering a much wider choice of features and services. Competition will cause the technological envelope to be pushed. Competition should drive down prices, local cable and phone officials...
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