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Amplifier

In: Science

Submitted By hongren
Words 330
Pages 2
Operational amplifiers-OPAMP
Ideal- characteristics
Real- you buy LM741C
Characteristics
1. AOL- Open loop gain – infinite (typical value 1000000 for LM741)
2. input resistance Rin=infinite(2Mohms)
3. input current = 0
4. Rout=0(small 75ohms)
5. AOLdoes not change with the frequency of the input signal- the voltage gain is constant VCVS-voltage controlled voltage source

Negative feedback
Lowers the voltage gain, and also makes it constant for a bigger range frequency

INVERTING AMPLIFIER USING AN OP AMP
Positive Vin negative Vout
Negative Vinpositive Vout
(1800 out of phase)
Op amp with negative feedback will have ACL(closed-loop gain)—the new circuit (op amp +Rf+R)has a new gain which is called closed-loop gain
Acl=-Rf/R
Vout=-(Rf*Vin)/R; Rf>R
The gain of the inverting depends on two resistors, Rf and R,Rf is connected between the output pin and inverting pin and Rf must be grater than the value of R. To have an amplifier, R is connected between the input signal and the inverting pin. The negative sign in the formula for the closed loop gain means that the input signal and the ouput signal are 180 out of phase, meaning that +inputs produce-output and vice versa. The output voltage cannot go above Vcc and Vee .
The output wave is clip off wave’
The output wave will be a saw wave(triangular), if the gain is too much big.

IR=IF+Iin (Iin=0)
IR=IF
Ir=Vin/R
If=Vout/ Rf
Vout/Vin=Rf/R

To find the formula for ACL of inverting op amp amplifiers: 1. Visualise that there is a virtual ground at point b 2. Also, visualise that Iin=0 3. Visualise that Vin is all across R therefore Ir=Vin/Rb 4. Visualise that all Ir is going through the feedback Rf because Iin=0 5. Output voltage is across Rf 6. Therefore If=Vout/Rf 7. When you put Ir=RACL=Rf/R

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