...services which are traded between two divisions of the same company. The classic example involves one division (the “selling division”, or “SD”) which produces a component which is required by another division (the “buying division”, or “BD”). The component is used by the BD in the manufacture of a product which it sells on the open market. In case all of this sounds a bit abstract, let’s consider a simple example of a company in which the SD manufactures car engines and the BD manufactures cars. A couple of things are obvious: 1. The BD needs the output of the SD, because the BD needs car engines in order to make cars. Alternatively, the BD may be able to buy engines from an external supplier if, for example, the BD and SD cannot agree on a transfer price for the engines. 2. The SD can sell its output either to the BD or to external customers (in this case, these external customers would be other car manufacturers, many of which would be only too happy to buy in a ready-made engine). The transfer price represents a source of revenue to the SD, and a cost to the BD. Therefore, there is potential for inter-divisional conflict (or at least a need for inter-divisional negotiations) since the SD will want to maximize the transfer price while the BD will want to minimize it. When we are preparing the Profit and Loss Account of the company as a whole, the transfer price is neither a cost nor a revenue. The transfer price is not taken into account in the calculation of company profit...
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...lists down the main obligations that a person must meet under the Income Tax Act 2007. It requires a person to calculate and satisfy income tax liability for each tax year (s BB 2(1) and subpart BC), except for non-filing taxpayers (s BB 2(2)). A person is also required to pay provisional tax (s BB 2(3), and the provisional tax rules), withholding liabilities (s BB 2(4) and subpart BE) and others taxes and payments (s BB 2(5) and subpart BF), if they are liable for any of those. (b) Terminal tax is defined in s BC 8(3) as the difference to pay after deducting all available tax credits from a person’s income tax liability. (c) Section BD 1(5) defines assessable income as a calculated amount of all income a person earned that does not comprise exempt, excluded or non-residents’ foreign sourced income. (d) All income and deductions must be allocated to an income year under sections BD 3 and BD 4. The general rules are that the Act requires income to be allocated to the income year in which it is derived (s BD 3(2)) and deduction to be on the basis of when it is incurred (s BD 4(2)), unless other provisions provide for a different allocation. Income is also treated as being derived when it is credited in the account of a person, or dealt with in their interest or on their behalf (s BD 3(4)). Case law needs to be considered for determining the timing of derivation and incurrence (ss BD 3(3) & BD 4(3)). (e) Section BB 2(4) imposes the obligation to comply with withholding...
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...Dickinson Case Tuesday January 28, 2014 In the case of Becton Dickinson (BD), employees are looking for more guidance from their top management on how to deal with ethical issues such as issues with bribery and corruption within the international markets. The problem for BD is that they are in stuck in a situation that they are feeling pressure to not follow their ethical conduct and participate in these social norms that consist of bribes and scandals in order to guarantee a contract. The US government outlawed any company that participates in international trade to offer gifts or money in order to make deals. This is definitely not the case in countries such as Europe, Asia, and Africa where it is a social norm to offer these gifts to influence a business deal. The problem for BD is that other companies within the international market are going to use such incentives to gain business. BD needs to decide if they are going to have a uniform policy on gifts, or make a region-by-region policy? My recommendations are that the company treats these ethical issues on a region-by-region policy. As we have discussed in prior cases, culture is a large part of how people do business and companies need to respect the culture and their norms when running international businesses. But at the same time, BD should not be chosen because of how great the gifts or bribes are but rather how good of a product they provide. BD is trying to increase their attention onto ethics and ensure that employees...
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...Introduction Natural Hazard any natural event which has an adverse socio-economic impact on the human being. Alternatively, an extreme natural event, such as a cyclone, an earthquake or a flood, that is not caused by human beings. These are naturally occurring phenomena that only become hazardous due to the intervention of human infrastructure. The vulnerability of human infrastructure to destruction (risk) by a disaster is also an important factor in understanding natural hazards. The distribution and impact of natural hazards is unequal with greatest loss of life and property in the developing part of the world. This is not because of greater hazard frequency but simply because of greater vulnerability. Therefore, the people in the developing countries are at high risk than those of developed countries. Combining the risk factor the natural hazard can be defined as the probability of a change in the natural environment of a given magnitude occurring within specified time period in a given area while the associated risk is the consequent damage or loss of life, property and services. The frequency of major hazard appears to have increased since 1960 and the number of people killed each year has decreased at a rate of about 6% and the loss or property has also decreased steadily. This has taken place owing to increased awareness and better hazard management. The increase in the frequency of hazard can be assigned to such factors as better global news coverage, increasing population...
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...Bureau of Forestry; 2.5 percent is privately owned. The greater bulk of the forest is in large blocks on the principal islands such as Luzon, Mindanao, Samar, Negros, and Palawan. Most of the forest is of the tropical rain type, complex in its composition. More than 3,000 species of trees attain a diameter of 30 centimeters (one foot) or more; however, less than sixty of these are marketed. Seventy-five percent of the stand consists of dipterocarps, commonly called lauan, to which "Philippine mahogany" belongs. It is conservatively estimated that the aggregate commercial standing timber is around 2,105,000,000 m3 ® (464,729,000,000 bd. ft.). Based on forest charges (government stumpage tax), this stand has a value of P2,341,550,000.1 Its commercial value is placed at P58,092,434,000, based on a minimum price of about P26.5 per m3 ® (P120 per 1,000 bd. ft.). 1 One peso is equivalent to $0.50 U. S. Smoking Mt. Mayon Volcano in Mt. Mayon, National Park, one of the several scenic parks in the Philippines. The Bureau of Forestry administers national parks as well as national forests. Under sustained-yield...
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...differ in regards to how they do business. As one manager points out, “a gold pen that would be appropriate in the U.S. environment would be an insult in Japan.” L.S., Paine, Becton Dickinson: Ethics and Business Practices (A), (p. 10). As Trevino and Nelson explain in their book Managing Business Ethics, in Japan “giving gifts is considered to be an important point of relationship building.” (p. 402). Accordingly, I believe it would be appropriate for some of the terms to differ depending on the country in question. While the language of the policy could remain the same, a subsection could be included to specify how much money is appropriate to spend on a gift in that particular country. The same could be done for entertainment. While the BD Business Conduct and Compliance Code stipulates “you should not entertain lavishly” (Paine, p. 18), it does not go in to detail about what is considered lavish. This is where a subsection could be inserted to give the reader a more specific idea of BD’s expectations. For example, the Unites States version might read something like “When taking a supplier out to dinner, a $50 - $70 meal is considered acceptable.” Since Japanese suppliers have higher expectations, the policy for Japan could be more in the ballpark of $70-$90 per meal. At least now the employee reading the policy has an actual nominal figure to go by, instead of guessing or using his or her own judgment. One aspect of BD’s approach that I believe should be a global policy...
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...Bringing Video Gaming and BD-Live from being an Entertainment Tool to a becoming a Distance Learning Tool: A Concept Paper 1 Choo-Hong Loo School of Business and Administration ,Wawasan Open University 54, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah 10050 Penang,Malaysia. chloo@wou.edu.my, telephone +604-2180 333 and fax +604-2269 323 Accepted Sub-theme: Technology-enhanced teaching and learning Abstract: To some parents and educationist, video gaming has long been associated with wasting time. The interactivity and connectivity of the sixth and seventh generation video console has resulted in the introduction of the use of motion as input, and IR tracking and wireless controllers and 3D together with connectivity among the different console users in a network. This paper discusses the application on how the sixth and seventh generation video game console can be adapted to deliver vocational instruction through the gaming consoles. Apart from the video game console we would also be discussing on the use of the BD-Live feature on the BluRay disc. Using the case studies of Xbox 360, WII, Play Station 3 and BD-Live, we would like propose how video game and BluRay consoles can be used to deliver vocational education through the distance learning mode. The advent of the internet, motion technology and 3D technology, would mean enhanced educational content can be delivered to students in a more effective, expansive and entertaining manner. The discussion of this paper will benefit the makers...
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...AB Bank Limited BCIC Bhaban 30-31 Dilkusha Commercial Area Dhaka 1000 AB Bank Limited _____________________ Auditors’ report and consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2011 S. F. AHMED & CO Chartered Accountants House 25, Road 13A, Block D, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh Telephones (880-2): PABX 989-4346 & 989-4258 Others 881-6467 & 881-5101 Fax (880-2): 882-5135 E-mails: (i) sfaco@citechco.net (ii) sfaco@sfahmedco.org Website: www.sfahmedco.org Auditors’ Report to the Shareholders of AB Bank Limited We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of AB Bank Limited (“the Bank”) and its subsidiaries, namely, AB Investment Limited, AB Securities Limited, Cashlink Bangladesh Limited, AB International Finance Limited and AB Exchange (UK) Limited which comprise Consolidated Balance Sheet at 31 December 2011 and Consolidated Profit and Loss Statement, Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and Liquidity Statement for the year then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information. Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these financial statements in accordance with Bangladesh Financial Reporting Standards, and for such internal control as management considers necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud and error...
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...CHALLENGE OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND BD PERSPECTIVE INTRODUCTION 1. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. A change of climate which is attributed/influenced directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate changeability observed over comparable time periods. In the latter sense it may be qualified as anthropogenic change of climate, more generally known as "global warming" or "Anthropogenic Global Warming" (AGW). 2. Presently this rapid climate change has become the major catastrophe and the greatest threat of the 21st century. No nation, however large or small, wealthy or poor, can escape the impact of climate change. Appreciating the consequences, many a times heads of frontier states, Heads of Governments, Ministers, and other heads of delegations sited together and formed various international agreements to bring down the carbon emission to a level to keep the planet liveable. But the summit concluded without expected consensus/agreement. 3. In pursuant to the present context of climate change, this paper will endeavour to highlight the various causes of world climate change, effects of it and summary of recent Copenhagen accord, analysis, criticism and cause of failure of the accord and the remedial measures to combat climate change in the suffering countries. AIM 4. The aim of this paper...
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...41 Manhole Flotation Introduction The proper functioning of a sewer system is dependent to a large degree on the performance of its appurtenances, and especially its manholes. As with many buried structures, the proper design of manholes should take into account the effect of the water table and its specific effect on installation and operating conditions. Figure 1 Manhole Installations Cross Section of Extended Base Manhole Installation The Buoyancy Concept From a fluid dynamics standpoint, the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of fluid which that object displaces. In the case of a buried structure or manhole, this concept is applicable when a high ground water table or other subaqueous condition exists. As with the design of buried pipe, flotation should be checked when conditions such as the use of flooding to consolidate backfill, flood planes or future man-made drainage changes are anticipated. Extended Base Cross Section of Smoothwall Manhole Installation Manhole Buoyancy Analysis Vertical manhole structures of two types (Figure 1) are generally constructed, and each type should be considered when analyzing the flotation potential. The first case to be considered is a structure in which the base does not extend past the walls of the manhole. This structure will be called a smooth-wall manhole installation. Smooth-wall manholes utilize the weight of the structure itself and the downward frictional resistance of the soil surrounding...
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...[pic] A REPORT ON BUSINESS COMMUNICATION PROCESS OF BASIC BANK LIMITED MGT 242: Business Communication Prepared for Afrins Farid Faculty, School of Business Prepared by Syed Wahidur Rahman 10310423 Sabiqun Nahar 10310432 Nasrin Akter 08410021 Parvez Ahmed 10310371 MD. Mahtab Hossain 10310388 Kazi Arif Hossen 10310439 University of Information Technology & Sciences (UITS) April 09th, 2011 Acknowledgement: I would like to give thanks to those people who helped us to prepare this report and we are very much grateful to them for their cordial assistance, helpful co-operation and essential suggestion. At first we would like to express deep gratitude to our honorable course instructor Afrins Farid , Faculty, School of Business, University of Information Technology & Sciences (UITS), for her sincere guideline and valuable remarks, thoughtful comments and essential suggestions. She inspired us and gave us encouragement to complete this report. We would also like to express our gratitude to the all managers and employees of the organization, where we have gone to collect information for preparing...
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...Zoning Out: Vested Rights Can Cost You Susan K. Burkhart skb@cshlaw.com Vested Rights What Are They? Analogy if you do personnel law: • At will employment – no constitutional protection to continued employment because you have a mere expectation of continued employment • Contract employment – have constitutional protection to continued employment because there is a protected “property interest” at stake Essential rule of zoning and vested rights law: • A zoning ordinance is not a contract between the town and its citizens; a zoning ordinance, including a zoning classification, is subject to repeal or change at the will of the governing body – subject only to “vested rights” of the citizens in the town. McKinney v. City of High Point, 239 N.C. 232, 79 S.E.2d 730 (1954). /_______/_______/_______/_______/_______ 1 2 3 4 5 1. 2. Landowner bought land – land zoned “GB” in 2000 Landowner confirmed at meeting with Town Planning Director in 2005 that car dealership permitted under GB zoning Landowner spent $100,000 for architect, engineering fees, etc., went to architectural review meetings with Town and obtained architectural approval from Town for proposed building Landowner obtained building permit 3. 4. 5. Landowner acquired building permit and spent $50,000 in engineering costs and other fees in reliance on the permit Two Methods for Obtaining Vested Rights: • Statute • Common law - created by case law (written appellate decisions) rather than...
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...permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent of ASVP Consulting Pty Ltd. Trade Marks Advanced Strategic Value Propositions™ is a trade mark of ASVP Consulting Pty Ltd. PulseSuite®, PulseManager®, PulseFinder® and Primed Online® are registered trade marks of Primed Online Pty Ltd. PulseProject™ is a trade mark of Primed Online Pty Ltd. Becton Dickinson, BD, and Helping All People Lead Healthy Lives are trademarks of Becton Dickinson Pty Ltd. Acknowledgements The kind assistance of Michael Lyon, CEO and the management team of BD Australia, and Grant Alecock, General Manager, and the management team of BD NZ is gratefully acknowledged. ASVP Consulting Pty Ltd ASVP Consulting Pty Ltd has written this independent case study on the implementation of a Balanced Scorecard Framework Solution in order to quantify the benefits accruing to BD and to highlight the potential benefits available to other organisations considering the implementation of an Automated Balanced Scorecard Framework or a Strategic Management and Monitoring System. This case study has been written completely independently of the system manufacturer, Primed Online Pty Ltd., and is based solely upon observations and information gathered during the Workshop process and in discussions with BD Management, from information...
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...‘Removing ten barriers to implementing CSR in Bangladesh’ Barrier A – CSR is thought to be American protectionism – the USA labour unions are alleged to be using CSR as an excuse and are trying to force up our production costs and so get jobs back into the USA. Social Responsibility is not a new idea; it has a long history in Asia and in Europe. If CSR is part of a conspiracy to protect jobs in North America (or in Europe) why is it accepted so well and practiced so widely in the West and in so many trade sectors there? Barrier B – Some company proprietors are convinced that the “business of business is business” and so they want NGOs do their community development work and the government to fund schools, colleges, clinics and hospitals - after all that’s why they pay their company taxes and VAT! Companies need a stable society in which to trade, we need healthy, well educated and compliant workers. It’s in the long term interests of the business sector in Bangladesh to improve our corporate futures by investing in the community – in our workers and their communities - if we are to be able to manufacture and sell increasing volumes of our products in Bangladesh. Barrier C – Business owners holding the opinion that spending on CSR is an improper use the company’s hard earned profits (especially in a period of worldwide recession). These proprietors are also of the view that their companies should concentrate on making money for their shareholders and focus on giving the...
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...Submitted To: Dr. Syed Mohammed Ather Professor Management Studies Department Chittagong University, Chittagong. Submitted By: NUR-E-SHAFA Exam Roll: 2006/93 Class Roll: 4951 Management Studies Department Chittagong University, Chittagong. Conflict management- its nature, significance and impacts in BD firms Executive summary Whenever people talk of conflict or say that a conflict has developed, the usual impression is that there is something frightening. This notion prevails despite the fact that people know there is no organization which is altogether free from conflicts. Even non-profit and service organizations such as educational institutions and hospitals are not devoid of conflicts. Which is inevitably is recognized by an individual only when individual is faced with a conflict situation. In all other cases, one refers to it as bad and avoidable and regards it as a failure of parties in conflict. But productively engaging in conflict is always valuable. Most people are willing and interested in resolving their conflicts; they just need the appropriate skill set and opportunities in which to practice this skill set. Without a conflict skill set, people want to avoid conflict...
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