...need IRB review. Similarly, a study may involve human subjects, but not meet the definition of research and would, therefore, not require an IRB review. This module interprets words and phrases used in the definition of research and of human subject from the perspective of research in the social and behavioral sciences, education, and the humanities. Learning Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: Explain the definition of research. Explain the definition of human subject. Describe the differences between private and public information and behavior. Defining Research Research is defined by federal regulations at 45 CFR 46.102 (Protection of Human Subjects 2009), as "a systematic investigation including research development, testing, and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge." Systematic Investigation A systematic investigation is the opposite of a disorganized, random venture. In other words, researchers need to have constructed a research plan with ideas about what they want to learn and how best to do that. Both qualitative and quantitative researchers use systematic investigation in the course of their research. Both types of research are organized, albeit around differing notions about the role of the researcher, the purpose of the research, the nature of the data collected, and so on. Quantitative researchers may test hypotheses and theories with the data they collect, while qualitative researchers...
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...SECTIONS HOME SEARCHSKIP TO CONTENTSKIP TO NAVIGATIONVIEW MOBILE VERSION The New York Times SUBSCRIBE NOW LOG IN SETTINGS View Slideshow Ammon Bundy and 7 Oregon Protesters Held; LaVoy Finicum Is Reported Dead ABOUT NEW YORK What Happened to Jane Mayer When She Wrote About the Koch Brothers Indictment Deals Blow to G.O.P. Over Planned Parenthood Battle 5 Cleared in London Libor Trial Iranian Released in Prisoner Exchange Finds Fault With Its Handling Play Video U.S. Says It Will Step Up Defenses if China Fails to Act Against North Korea Police: 2 Dead, 3 Wounded in Seattle Homeless Camp Shooting PUBLIC EDITOR'S JOURNAL Should The Times Have Been a Tougher Watchdog in Flint? Donald Trump, in Feud With Fox News, Shuns Debate FIRST DRAFT...
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...Annette Davis Inside Public and Private Policing CJA 500 Survey of Administration & Justice Dr. John Baiamonte, Jr. November 1, 2010 Assignment Write a 1500 to 2000 word paper that compares and contrasts the roles, responsibilities, and differences of public and private policing. Cite at least two scholarly works (articles or books) or government documents. However, your textbook cannot be used as a source. Public policing has been known to have a monopoly on policing until the increased trend of private policing in the United States. Private policing, while emerging as a new industry, is not a new phenomenon and predates the existence of public police as witnessed today (Wilson 1994). Public and private policing have many similarities, as well as differences and the distinction between public and private police are often blurred. Private police look and behave like public police and describing their function often involves a comparison of the activities and responsibilities of the two. Despite the differences, public and private police tend to mirror each other to a certain extent (Nalla & Newman, 1990). The increase of private policing has been in response to many changes in society such as the increase of "mass private property" (Shearing and Stenning, 1983) in the form of large shopping complexes, cinemas, large retail stores and large compound style housing estates or gated communities. These require constant surveillance for the safety of shoppers and residents...
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...Improving Accountability in Public Service Delivery through the Ombudsman About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.8 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 903 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Accountability is essential for good governance, and in many Asian countries the ombudsman is the key accountability institution. Originating in the West, the concept of the ombudsman arrived relatively late in Asia. Yet more and more ombudsman offices are being established in Asia, and they play a critical role in the fight against incompetence and injustice on the part of government officials. This report presents in-depth research on Asian ombudsmen, with a focus on best practices and emerging issues, especially in the context of the new public management, and includes recommendations...
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...on the other hand means the pregnancy which occurs as a result of illegal in evolvement in sexual intercourse by both sexes. It is said to be unwanted or illegal because both sexes have not been legally united either by law or Religions doctrine or authorities under the caption of marriage. Abortion is believed to be a deliberate ending or termination of a pregnancy at an early state. Marriage is said to be a relationship between a husband and a wife to live or co-husband as such for life Thus early marriage could be seen as any marriage contracted unintentionally or that which is contracted by way of duress or undue influence. Unfortunately, most young girls in secondary school in Nigeria today see to it that sex is a golden slice or a do or die affair and as such when at their dangerous stages or period, they still fail to keep boys or man at arm’s length which at long last leads to unexpected pregnancy. Hence proper arrangements or precautionary measure not put in place as regards such pregnancies. The next idea as the only option that readily come to their winds at this point is abortion through any means which most of the time take their lives or endanger lives in such situations. Norststill, most girls in secondary in school involved in these acts are either forced to forfeit their educational cares or to marry any interested husband against their will or atones they ultimately lose their values in the market of marriage as a result and so go in to haloing in order or...
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...MODULE 3 | | |THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES | | | |I. Objectives: | | | |Define and explain the meaning of the related literatures and related studies. | |Enumerate and discuss the importance, purposes, and functions of Related Literature and Studies | |Enumerate and discuss the characteristics of Related Literature and Studies | |Enumerate and identify sources of Related Literature and Studies ...
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...Historically, the symbolic definition of the ‘home’ represents a sanctuary and safe haven from the negative pressures and forces present in society. The ideology of home represents a sacred and consecrated institution which is responsible for providing individuals with refuge and safety. Often, the concept of home is broader than a physical dwelling, and encompasses an emotional characteristic, which often rids individuals of their worldly cares and reinforces their focus on the people and things they love. Since, it is widely regarded that humans, specifically children, are creatures of habit, the state of one’s home has been known to physiologically influence their behavior, emotions, and overall mental and physical health (Leichsenring, 2003). More specifically, the home provides a basis for enculturation, where it establishes the grounds for accepted norms and values within a social framework; dictating what is culturally permissible within this social setting. For children, the enculturation into the guidelines, rituals, expectations and social practices and assumptions present within the home, orients them, by providing a sense of acceptance, belonging and reality. Typically, the widespread assumptions of safety, protection and wellbeing for children are often associated with the dynamic between the family and home. However, recent revelations indicate that the home is increasingly becoming the grounds for the physical victimization of children. Children being vulnerable...
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...© Jahangirnagar University This article is brought to you by www.bdresearch.org Eco-Tourism: An Investigation into the Conceptual Framework and Policy Requirements for its Growth in Bangladesh Golam Moinuddin* Halima Begum** Abstract Sustainability considerations have been making ways in each and every development initiative in the last two-decades or so. In line of this trend, the concept of eco-tourism emerged and later on, turned out to be an environment friendly and economically beneficial industry taking over a considerable bulk of mass-tourism activity and offsetting some of its negativities. Such a transformation has ultimately positioned eco-tourism to be the substitute of mass-tourism in many tourist destinations. In view of such reality, this article attempts to investigate on the conceptual dynamics and benefits of eco-tourism and explores reflective state of these theoretical underpinnings on the basis of two case studies drawn from successful eco-tourist destinations. In light of such investigative out-puts, the article focuses on the prospects of eco-tourism industry and makes an effort to provide a broad policy framework for the development of the same in Bangladesh. It identifies areas of intervention required in promoting the eco-tourism industry in the country. Finally, it attempts to define and differentiate the respective roles of the private and public sectors in the flourishment and sustainable growth of the sector in the country. Introduction Tourism...
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...in the fields of organizational behavior and leadership have examined leadership styles and their effects on such variables as job satisfaction, job stress, role conflict, job performance and organizational commitment (Humphreys et al., 2003, MacKenzie et al., 2001 and Stock and Hoyer, 2002), in the context of the North American and other developed countries and has rarely been conducted in emerging economies with different cultural orientation (Fakhrul et al 2011), and the Ghanaian context is no exception in this regard. Globally, there is a dearth of research regarding the influence of leadership styles and entrepreneurial orientation on the growth of service sector businesses including private schools. According to (Kest, 2007) there is a lack of Leadership styles research within private educational institutions, and very little has been researched and publicly documented on leadership studies in Ghana (Zame & Hope, 2008). Societal culture also has impact on the leadership style of management and as such the leadership style in an organization may vary from society to society (Mujtaba et al, 2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO)...
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...Corruption Schemes Anaesha M. Whitaker Corruption Schemes What is corruption? The most common definition of corruption in the economic literature is literature is the misuse of public office for private gain. While private gain is typically interpreted in terms of monetary benefit, it can potentially include non-monetary benefits such as improved chances of re-election and helping friends or members of their social or ethnic networks obtain public resources. The usual interpretation of misuse is the use of office for illegal purposes, impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle, inducement to wrong or improper or unlawful means, but it is occasionally construed more broadly as the mis-allocation of public resources in ways that enhance the official's private returns. Recent years have also seen an explosion of empirical research on corruption measurement. The research conducted for this paper, which has developed and used both subjective guides which are based on perceptions of corruption and objective measures of illegal activity. The following topics will be discussed throughout this paper: Corruption Schemes Today; Corruption Schemes Tomorrow; Investigations of Corruption Schemes; and Detection and Prevention of Corruption Schemes. The research conducted throughout this paper focuses on the topics above. Corruption Schemes Today Corruption Schemes today are heavily engulfed in politics. “CHICAGO — Corruption has tainted...
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...outcomes remain unclear. The present study compared the academic achievements of homeschooled children with children attending traditional public school. When the homeschooled group was divided into those who were taught from organized lesson plans (structured homeschoolers) and those who were not (unstructured homeschoolers), the data showed that structured homeschooled children achieved higher standardized scores compared with children attending public school. Exploratory analyses also suggest that the unstructured homeschoolers are achieving the lowest standardized scores across the 3 groups. Keywords: curriculum, education, homeschooling, reading, unschooling The number of children being homeschooled in North America is growing at an unprecedented rate (Arai, 2000; Barwegen, Falciani, Putman, Reamer, & Stair, 2004; Brady, 2005; Cai, Reeve, & Robinson, 2002; Jones & Gloeckner, 2004a, 2004b; Ray, 2010). In the United States, best estimates place the homeschooling population above 1.5 million children (National Center for Education Statistics, 2008). Similarly, it has been suggested that homeschoolers account for almost 1% of all Canadian children (Davies & Aurini, 2003); however, it is likely that these estimates are too conservative (Basham, Merrifield, & Hepburn, 2007). In addition to religious convictions, dissatisfaction with the public school system is the most prominent factor in the...
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...Between Public and Private Policing Dana L. Dvorak Bellevue University Abstract This paper will explore the historical relationship between public and private policing. It will also discuss how the relationship has changed in recent years. Relationship Between Public and Private Policing Since the terrorist attacks that struck inside the heart of our country on 11 September 2001, civilian law enforcement agencies have been busy performing not only their regular duties of crime prevention and response, but also taking on a large number of homeland security functions and all of this during a time when local, state and federal budgets are ever tightening. Similarly, private security institutions are under comparable pressure to carry out their traditional duties to provide protection of information, property and people, as well as sharing the additional duties of homeland security. Despite the fact that public and private police organizations share the same ultimate goal of protecting the public, they do not have a long history of working well together. Security officers have historically been looked down upon by law enforcement personnel. Some police feel that there is a definite lack of pre-employment screening, certification, training, standards, and regulation of security officers. Other police officers feel that security personnel receive insufficient training, especially those who carry weapons. Another perception that some police have is the view that security...
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... Since the late 17th Century, classical liberal theorists had argued that publicity and openness provide the best protection from the excesses of power. The idea of the press as Fourth Estate, as an institution that exists primarily as a check on those in public office, was based on the premise that powerful states had to be prevented from overstepping their bounds. The press working independently of government, even as its freedoms were guaranteed by the state, was supposed to help ensure that this was so. The 1980s and 1990s saw the revival of this centuries‐old notion and its application especially to “transition societies” then emerging from the ruins of socialist and authoritarian regimes. It had resonance among citizens facing pervasive corruption, weak rule of law, and predatory or incompetent governments unable to deliver basic services. Today even in countries where democracy is a fairly new experiment or even in those, like China, where democracy and a free press have yet to take root, the notion of the press as watchdogs of power is embedded in the self‐definition of journalists1 and in varying degrees, also in public expectations of the media. It is, moreover, a particularly seductive notion to the international donor...
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...Contents Introduction: 3 Purpose of ICAB: 5 ICAB's Vision: 5 ICAB's Mission Statement 6 ICAB's Aims and Objectives 6 Methodology 7 Affiliation 8 Methodology of ICAB 8 various methods of ICAB in trade, commerce, industry, Finance, etc.: 9 Literature review: 10 ICAB's publications: 10 functions of Charterd accountants engaged in public practises: 11 The role of ICAB 12 Conclusion: 16 References 17 ABSTRACT To meet the ever-changing global economic demands dominated by WTO regime, the ICAB is fast becoming a body of professionals whose have ability. The main research objective is to determine "the development of financial accounting and the role of ICAB". Their literature review describes the main viewpoints in the literature, strategies of various viewpoints and so on. The development of accounting not very easy project or analysis subject in accounting policy. So many companies are trying to do their best to develop their accounting in finance. Which prompt us to formulate some hypotheses; this methodology helps us to see the development of financial accounting as a spot shoot. This methodology also enables us to explain the academic value of our research on this topic; and enable us to define the method and technique of financial accounting. The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) has been constantly pursuing that noble duty in the CA professionals. ICAB is the sole apex body responsible for regulating the profession of accountants and the...
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... Since the late 17th Century, classical liberal theorists had argued that publicity and openness provide the best protection from the excesses of power. The idea of the press as Fourth Estate, as an institution that exists primarily as a check on those in public office, was based on the premise that powerful states had to be prevented from overstepping their bounds. The press working independently of government, even as its freedoms were guaranteed by the state, was supposed to help ensure that this was so. The 1980s and 1990s saw the revival of this centuries‐old notion and its application especially to “transition societies” then emerging from the ruins of socialist and authoritarian regimes. It had resonance among citizens facing pervasive corruption, weak rule of law, and predatory or incompetent governments unable to deliver basic services. Today even in countries where democracy is a fairly new experiment or even in those, like China, where democracy and a free press have yet to take root, the notion of the press as watchdogs of power is embedded in the self‐definition of journalists1 and in varying degrees, also in public expectations of the media. It is, moreover, a particularly seductive notion to the international donor...
Words: 11805 - Pages: 48
