...CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION FINANCE: Business concern needs finance to meet their requirements in the economic world. Any Kind of business activity depends on the finance. Hence, it is called as lifeblood of business organization. Whether the business concerns are big or small, they need finance to fulfil their business activities. In the modern world, all the activities are concerned with the economic activities and very particular to earning profit through any venture or activities. The entire business activities are directly related with making profit. (According to the economics concept of factors of production, rent given to landlord, wage given to labour, interest given to capital and profit given to shareholders or proprietors), a business concern needs finance to meet all the requirements. Hence finance may be called as capital, investment, fund etc., but each term is having different meanings and unique characters. Increasing the profit is the main aim of any kind of economic activity. MEANING OF FINANCE: Finance may be defined as the art and science of managing money. It includes financial service and financial instruments. Finance also is referred as the provision of money at the time when it is needed. Finance function is the procurement of funds and their effective utilization in business concerns. DEFINITION OF FINANCE: According to Khan and Jain, “Finance is the art and science of managing money”. Webster’s...
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...SURVEY ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Survey Analysis and Interpretation for Company X. I am a consultant hired by Company X to interpret and analyze a second set of data. My purpose is to discover the sources of employee dissatisfaction. Overview Company X has an urgent need to know why the company has a larger than normal employee turnover rate. Along with the large turnover, other key problems are poor work performance and lessening of morale. Company X attempted to determine what the problem was through exit interviews but were unsuccessful. A survey, developed by Susan H, was administered. It did not produce any useful results. Susan suggested a second, improved survey. The new survey changed the focus from why a current employee may be unhappy or quit to those who had already voluntarily left Company X. Company X wants to know why employees are dissatisfied. The hypothesis remains the same--low morale is causing a higher than usual employee turnover and poor work performance. The purpose of this study is to explore the different ways that Company X employees are affected by their work. Instrument for Data Collection Company X used surveys to collect data from their employees. The first survey had several flaws: bias, awkward wording, unasked questions, and data entry errors. A new survey was created. The effectiveness of this survey was increased by pretesting a sample survey before releasing it to the employees...
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...This is my simple version of the Analysis of the Text "Warning by Terry McCarthy. In this essay, I will be presenting the text called “Warning” written by Terry McCarthy, and show you my analysis and interpretation of said text. Described in broad strokes, this is a text about a school shooting in the town of Santee, committed by the kid, Charles Andy Williams. I am going to tackle this with a focus on the lack of documentation and the journalist and her relation to the text. - The article primarily focuses on the background and previous events that led up to the tragedy, but we do get a brief description of the events at Santana High March 5, 2001. At 9:20 a.m., Andy took out a .22 caliber revolver and shot into a bathroom and a courtyard. He kept firing and reloading for 6 minutes, and 30 rounds were discharged before the local sheriff’s deputies cornered Andy Williams in the boys bathroom, where he finally handed over his gun. - The article plants its focus on Williams’ background, friends and general environment. Terry McCarthy interviewed Williams’ associates, and found that his schoolmates bullied him. It is indicated that the bullying and taunting could be a major cause behind the shooting, and it probably also is. An example of the bullying is mentioned in the article, where Williams was burned with the heated metal from a lighter. He moved to Santee less than 2 years earlier with his father, while his mother stayed in Maryland, where his previous home is located...
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...Yellow analysis and interpretation A short story by Peter Carty In a contrast to nature mankind has always seemed small. Nature with its dark rivers, gigantic mountains, forests filled with danger and endless oceans. Nature can swallow you in one breath if you let it and can through your life make you scared and make you feel not noticeable and hopeless. Suicide is normally caused by problems like these that a person cannot seem to overcome and either way it’s a desperate act. In the novel Yellow written in 1999 by Peter Carty, a man named Jon is sent to Egypt to write an article about scuba diving. An Italian man named Berto is to teach him on a team containing Jon and another student, Brian. Through the considerations and reflections of this protagonist, Jon, the reader gains information about his fears, problems and inner conflicts, which end up causing his suicide. In this analysis of the story I will focus on characterization of the protagonist, Jon, narrative technique, language, the significance of the setting, symbols and at the ending and at last I will elaborate on themes, draw perspectives to other texts and finally make a conclusion. Through the analysis I’ll focus, among other things, on the question: can nature be tamed, owned and transferred into something that is subject to mankind? The story starts out with no introduction, in other words: in medias res. The reader is thrown directly into the story and that emphasizes that nothing is given to the reader...
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...At some point in everyone’s life, we lose someone that is close to us. It is a very natural part of the human life and we all have to process it in our own different ways. Everyone has their own way of dealing with the loss of a loved one. In the short story “No Angel” from 2010, Bernie McGill processes this theme. In the short story, a girl called Annie loses her entire family. Bernie McGill writes about how she copes with her grief. In the following essay, I will analyze the author’s use of supernatural elements as a gateway between the living and the dead. The main character in ”No Angel” is a woman whose father has recently passed away. We are told that she has a boyfriend/fiancé . Even though she is technically being “haunted” by her dead father, she does not seem scared or “angry” in any way. She seems to understand the supernatural things that are happening to her. Probably because of the things that happened to her earlier in her life, with her brother and mother being dead , and now her father too. It is as if nothing can really surprise her anymore. She is drawn towards people with a higher self-esteem than her, like her brother Robbie. Which is also why she went out with Thomas who she says reminds her of Robbie. The reason for this can be the lack of bravery and boldness in herself. Even though the main character isn’t described as “lonely”, it seems very possible that she is not yet over her fathers’ death, which might also be the reason why she sees her...
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...Analysis and interpretation of “The Company of Wolves” The Company of Wolves is an interesting rewriting of LRRH* and a female author’s slightly feministic interpretation of an old classic. You can see that the story is a rewriting of “LRRH” because there are a lot of similarities. For example in both stories we have a little girl walking through a forest to give her grandmother a basket of dainties . Besides that we also have the classic sentences: “What big eyes you have”, “What big arms you have” and “What big teeth you have”. The story is a rewriting so of course there are also differences like that we don’t have a heroic hunter who comes and saves the grandmother and the girl and the wolf’s genitals is described in a way so the story might not be the best bedside reading. The girl is about twelve years old (p. 22: “she has just started her woman’s bleeding”), has flaxen hair and wears a red shawl. She is a latecomer and has been so indulged that she does not know about the dangerous world she lives in (p. 22: “in this savage country”, p. 23: “she is afraid of nothing”). She is described as very innocent: Pretty, pale, fair hair like lint and virginity (p. 22). The hunter part of the wolf is described as: “a handsome one” and “a fine fellow” (p. 23). Besides that the author describes him as gallant since he offers her to carry her basket. He is a real gentleman. The wolf part of the wolf is on the other hand described as: “a beast of...
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...ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This study sought to investigate students demand for local juices and soft drinks at the Tuck Shop at the college. A total of 20 questionnaires were given to students of form five at the school. Half of the respondents (50%) were male, while, the other half (50%) were female. Upon analyzing the data it was acknowledged by one hundred percent (100%) of the respondents that they buy drinks from the tuck-shop. So it is quite clear to the researcher that all of the participants can afford to buy drinks from the tuck-shop. One hundred percent (100%) of the respondents acknowledge that they buy both local juice and soft drink. The researcher believes that the fifth form students’ income varies so when their income is high they tend to buy the more expensive product and when it is low they tend to buy the cheaper product. After further analyzing the data, it was indicated by less than quarter (20%) of the respondents that they buy soft drink most, whereas, the majority (80%) claimed that they buy local juice most. The researcher believes that the reason for this big difference could be because the local juice is cheaper than the soft drink or the local juice is much healthier than soft drink. Thus a very small number of the participants (10%) pointed out that they prefer local juice because it has a better taste, however, the majority (55%) stated that it is healthier, while, thirty percent indicated that it is much cheaper. Many...
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...Feather girls - analysis and interpretation The short story 'feather girls' by Claire Massey, from 2010 is a very imaginary and well written story, which leaves you behind with the sensation of unknowing. I believe the text has a very deep meaning to it, which I will try to find. In the short story we meet a man called Bill. We can see from the text, that Bill is old "A collection of regulars cluttered the bar, all grey haired men similar age to him". Bill has a wife, who he does not see very often, as she has "flown off" by herself, as their children were grown. In the village, where the story unfolds it is common to give your wife a feather coat from feather girls, but Bill has fallen in love with a feather girl. The feather girl's name is unknown, but Bill and her have been seeing each other for a long time "All these years of going to meet her and yet still, every time, he felt like a lad. They have been doing the same thing over and over again, meeting each other at a local pub called the Hare and Anchor, eating vinegar crisps with salt "packet of salt and vinegar crisps. Here at the pub we are introduced to the landlady of the pub, Mary. Mary is the most interesting character in my opinion, because her curiosity about the couple is intriguing. Mary is described as stingy "Mary was stingy with the coal, still too early in the year for a fire whatever the chill in the air said". Mary is living in the past, and never throws anything away "Collections of one kind...
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...Azucar Chocolate Company is concerned with how demographic factors affect chocolate consumption. This will help the company in creating and delivering products that will appeal to the tastes of different groups. Figure 1.1.AGE Figure 1.2.GENDER Figure 1.3.CIVIL STATUS Figure 1.4. DAILY ALLOWANCE Figure 1.5.LACTOSE INTOLERANT Figure 1.6.EAT CHOCOLATES Figure 1.7.IF YES (refer to no.3 answers) Figure 1.8. How Often? Figure 1.9. How much? Interpretation Twenty-three respondents were surveyed for the purpose of the study. 1 of these respondents is male and 22 are female. 13 of these respondents are aged 18, 4 are aged 17 and 6 are aged 19. 4 respondents belong to the 50 and below allowance bracket, 9 belong to the 50-100 bracket and 10 belong to the 101 and above. 2 respondents are lactose intolerant. All 23 respondents eat chocolate, but their consumption depends on their preferred time of the day. Most of the respondents are willing to pay for amounts ranging from 5 pesos to 50 pesos. Analysis Teenagers love to eat chocolates. As a matter fact, according to Tahir (2013), teens consume chocolates and sweets to start their day. Females are more inclined to eat sweet chocolates than males. The given graph portrays that the Azucar Chocolate Company can have a strong position in the market if their products cater to the price range unanimously agreed. However, the company won’t be able to market the same number of chocolate products daily because consumers...
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...Analysis and interpretation of “School Run” They say that love is not about appearance, money or what other people think about the person you fall in love with. Love comes from the inside and you do not achieve true love by being materialistic. But is this true? How about the social norms? Would you be able to love a person, that your family and friends do not appreciate, because he/she is too different and cannot live up to the social norms? Would you be able to love this person and stay true to yourself? In the short story "School Run" (2013) by Kate Marsh, we are told that the narrator and her husband, Magnus, are happily married, even though the narrator's friends do not appreciate him, because he is not living up to the social norms. “School Run” has an epical way of narrating and a single-stranded story line, which is a part of making it a short story. In this short story there is a first person narrator, but we do not know what the name of the narrator is. It can be seen that the changes in time and place are not separated into different sections, but it is possible to separate the whole text into different periods of the characters’ life. Even though that the changes in time and place are not separated into different sections, it can be seen that the events are told in a chronological order. There is a lot of information in this story, it is like the author is writing a biography on a limited number of pages, where the narrative is jumping past certain periods...
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...Land of the lost This paper is an analysis and interpretation of Stewart O’ Nan’s “Land of the Lost”. A woman’s almost obsessive investigation of a young woman’s death is the center of this short story, where Stewart O’ Nan’s portrayal of the main character makes her more fascinating to the reader than the missing girl. The name of the main character is unknown to us, but despite the anonymity we are able to observe her feelings and behavior through a third person narrator. The point of view lies with her and that makes the narration personal and feels as if she told the story herself, but at the same time it gives the reader an opportunity to craft its own opinion about her. The death of a child unknown to you wouldn’t normally affect you as much as it does the main character. All she can think and talk about is this certain case and it becomes an immense part of her as she puts her normal life as well as her health under pressure to search for the dead girl. Her motives are to be found in her personal life. She works as a cashier, is divorced and lives alone with her German shepherd Ollie. I dare say that her goals in life aren’t achieved at this point and she has a gap in her life she needs to fulfill. All humans have a need to be recognized by others and by dedicating her time to the family of the young girl she finally has a purpose and meaning in her life. She is missing children to take care of, a husband to love, friends to talk to and a job to appreciate. All...
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...Analysis and interpretation of Compass And Torch When growing up children fight to be accepted and to be heard by their parents. In society most parents are constantly on the run and they do not take the time to enjoy spending time with their loved ones. These children try to get attention from their parents, but if their parents do not hear them, then they will feel like they have failed, but because they love their parents they accept it, and do not question their parents’ behavior. At the same time parents might also try to reach their children, but they get lost and therefore the relationship between the child and the parent can be damaged, because neither of the parts feel like they get heard. Accepting and the fear of losing are two of the main themes in the short story Compass and Torch, where a father takes his son with him on a camping trip, where the son tries to talk to his father, but his father does not pay attention and his father tries to forget his anxiety to lose his son. Compass and Torch was written by Elizabeth Baines, an English writer and was published in 2003. The short story starts in medias res and the story is built up chronological with a few flashbacks between the camping trip and at his mother’s house. The story is set at two different locations, one location at the boy’s mother and her boyfriend’s house and the second location on the camping trip up in the mountains. The short story is...
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...CHAPTER 6 ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT: DETERMINING AND MEASURING INTEREST RATES AND CONTROLLING INTEREST-SENSITIVE AND DURATION GAPS Goals of This Chapter: The purpose of this chapter is to explore the options bankers have today for dealing with risk – especially the risk of loss due to changing interest rates – and to see how a bank’s management can coordinate the management of its assets with the management of its liabilities in order to achieve the institution’s goals. Key Topic In This Chapter • • • • • • Asset, Liability, and Funds Management Market Rates and Interest Rate Risk The Goals of Interest Rate Hedging Interest Sensitive Gap Management Duration Gap Management Limitations of Hedging Techniques Chapter Outline I. II. Introduction: The Necessity for Coordinating Bank Asset and Liability Management Decisions Asset/Liability Management Strategies A. Asset Management Strategy B. Liability Management Strategy C. Funds Management Strategy Interest Rate Risk: One of the Greatest Asset-Liability Management Strategy Challenges A. Forces Determining Interest Rates B. The Measurement of Interest Rates 1. Yield to Maturity 2. Bank Discount Rate C. The Components of Interest Rates 1. Risk Premiums 2. Yield Curves 3. The Maturity Gap and the Yield Curve D. The Response of Banks and Other Financial Firms to Interest Rate Risk One of the Goals of Interest-Rate Hedging A. The Net Interest Margin B. Interest-Sensitive Gap Management 1. Asset-Sensitive Position 2. Liability-Sensitive...
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...Literature, Arts, and the Humanities: Analysis and Interpretation Literature, Arts, and the Humanities: Analysis and Interpretation A1. Earlier Historical Art Period - Impressionism Impressionism has been considered the first modern movement in painting. It started in the 19th century and was developed in Paris. Impressionist paintings are work produced between about 1867 and 1886. Its influence spread throughout Europe and eventually the United States. “Its founding members included Claude Monet, Edgar Degas and Camille Pissarro” (Art, 2000-2014). “Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise exhibited in 1874, gave the Impressionist movement its name. A critic Louis Leroy accused it of being a sketch or "impression" not a finished painting. The original artists were rejected by the government-sanctioned exhibitions, or salons. Short visible strokes are the style included in Impressionism. This may include dots, commas, smears and/or blobs. Paintings by Impressionists often show shadows and highlights in color. The style of loose brushwork gives an effect of spontaneity and effortlessness. Impressionism shows life in bursts of brief moments. There was major political and social transition in central Europe that helped lead into the Impressionism period. This included the 19th Century industrial expansion. Farmers were forced to become paid labors in factories. Governments across Europe are exploring methods to balance the polarities of social right...
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...English assignment 12 Analysis and interpretation of “The Dress” by Julia Darling “The Dress” is a short story written in 2006 by Julia Darling. The story describes how the strained relationship between the two sisters Rachel and Flora and their mother’s lack of ability to deal with emotions outside her working hours combined with a conflict concerning the loan of a dress become the factors that lead to the end of their life together as a family. The plot unfolds on the mother’s fortieth birthday and spans less than a day, as we enter the story in medias res, when Rachel is standing in the hallway screaming for her sister after having realized that she has taken her dress. From here the story progresses chronologically until the point when Flora admits having borrowed and ruined the dress, an episode the author has chosen to describe using flashbacks. The story is told in an omniscient third person narrator, however the point of view switches between the three characters –for example is focus in the beginning of the text on Rachel and her anger when she finds out about her missing dress, then switches to Flora and how she feels wearing the dress, and then in the restaurant focus is on the mother and her discomfort being caught in the middle of the conflict between her daughters. This way the reader gets a more nuanced view of why what might seem to be a rather common conflict between sisters escalates and ends the way it does. A part of the explanation to this question...
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