... Head of Contacts: Dean Scott: 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA-91330 Office: 818-521-2354 Fax: 818-867-5309 dean.scott.5@my.csun.edu Assistant: Tri Duong 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA-91330 Office: 818-324-5282 Fax: 818-233-2284 tri.duong.497@my.csun.edu Executive Summary Purpose: To explore and analyze Craig's Crocodiles’ different accounting options for how and when they should treat their revenue. In addition, this report will also analyze the potential legal liability Craig’s Crocodiles is accountable for after breaking their lease agreement with Pauly Property Management Services. Background: Craig’s Crocodiles was established on January 1st, 2008 as a company that catches crocodiles and sells them as pets. After their first year of business, Craig’s Crocodiles is looking to expand. This means that the company will need to prepare income statements to show their past and projected profits in order to qualify for loans. In addition, Craig’s Crocodiles will also need to break their office and warehouse lease early in order to have more room for the expanded business. Accounting Analysis: Selling crocodiles as pets is a unique business model that has never been done before and therefore there is no established standard to follow for when...
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...carried on the Balance Sheet based on the cost no matter how much their actual values are. So it is possible for companies to inflate or write down the value of PP&E by managers. Therefore, the investors have to pay attention to the policy of the PP&E and in this memo we tend to analyze the account deeply and understand how to the amount is reported on financial statement. In order to find the differences between IFRS and U.S GAAP on this subject, summaries of the requirements of GAAP and IFRS separately will lay a foundation for the comparison. IFRS: IAS 16 An entity may choose 2 accounting models for its property plant and equipment: an entity shall apply the same model to the entire class of PP&E (IAS 16-29: An entity shall choose either the cost model in paragraph 30 or the revaluation model in paragraph 31 as its accounting policy and shall apply that policy to an entire class [Refer: paragraph 37] of property, plant and equipment.) 1. Cost model (IAS 16-30: After recognition [Refer: paragraph 7] as an asset, an item of property, plant and equipment shall be carried at its cost less any accumulated depreciation [Refer: paragraphs 6 (definition of depreciation) and 43–62] and any accumulated impairment losses [Refer: paragraph 63]) An entity shall carry an asset at its cost less any accumulated depreciation and...
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...Outline Part 1 Background and Overview Part 2 US GAAP and IFRS Part 3 China GAAP and IFRS Part 4 Summary of Convergence Process Part 5 Pros & Cons of Convergence Part 6 The reasons for differences in accounting practice ww.ifrs.org + The International Accounting Standards Board + The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) Foundation + Objective – a single set of global financial reporting standards + Aim – convergence between national standards and international standards + IFRS Framework + IFRS SMEs + Supported by the Group of 20 Leaders (G20) who, at their September 2009 meeting in Pittsburgh, US. Country Status for listed companies as of April 2010 Argentina Required for fiscal years beginning on or after 1 January 2011 Australia Brazil Canada Required for all private sector reporting entities and as the basis for public sector reporting since 2005 Required for consolidated financial statements of banks and listed companies from 31 December 2010 and for individual company accounts progressively since January 2008 Required from 1 January 2011 for all listed entities and permitted for private sector entities including not-for-profit organizations Country China Status for listed companies as of April 2010 Substantially converged national standards European All member states of the EU are required to use IFRSs as adopted by the EU for listed Union companies since 2005 France Germany India Indonesia Italy Japan Mexico Required...
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...What is the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on earning management ABSTRACT: International Accounting Standard play a important role in the world. More and more countries trend to adopt international accounting standard. Beginning in 2005, public companies in the member states of the European Union (EU) are required to apply IFRS. Ten years have passed, what is the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on these countries, and how IFRS affect on earning management. In the paper, I will discuss this question based on some previous finding. Next, I will use IFRS 9 as a specific case for my conclusion. Finally, I will give my opinion on the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on earning management. Key Words: Accounting Standard, earning management, IFRS, Financial Instrument, bank, impairment of asset, IAS39, IFRS 9 I. The effect of mandatory IFRS adoption on earning management 1.1 In 2012, Yi Lin Chua, Chee Seng Cheong. And Graeme Gould publish a article named “The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Accounting Quality: Evidence form Australis. This article examines the impact of IFRS on accounting quality by focusing on threes perspectives: (1) earning management, (2) timely loss recognition, and (3) value relevance. In my paper, I will focus on earning management. First, the author talk about the reason he choose Australia. Because Australia is one of the first countries located outside of the EU that has mandated IFRS and is also the first non-EU adopting...
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...The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia GAAP-based financial reporting: measurement of business performance charteredaccountants.com.au Professor Stephen Taylor, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia The Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia (the Institute) is the professional body representing Chartered Accountants in Australia. Our reach extends to more than 53,000 of today and tomorrow’s business leaders, representing some 43,000 Chartered Accountants and 10,000 of Australia’s best accounting graduates who are currently enrolled in our world-class post-graduate program. Our members work in diverse roles across commerce and industry, academia, government, and public practice throughout Australia and in 107 countries around the world. We aim to lead the profession by delivering visionary thought leadership projects, setting the benchmark for the highest ethical, professional and educational standards and enhancing and promoting the Chartered Accountant brand. We also represent the interests of members to government, industry, academia and the general public by actively engaging our membership and local and international bodies on public policy, government legislation and regulatory issues. The Institute can leverage advantages for its members as a founding member of the Global Accounting Alliance (GAA), an international accounting coalition formed by the world’s premier accounting...
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...IFRS and US GAAP: similarities and differences IFRS readiness series October 2012 Table of contents The heart of the matter 2 US financial reporting will change significantly within the next several years An in-depth discussion 4 Examining the implications IFRS affects US businesses in multiple ways What this means for your business 6 Anticipate and manage the change What companies can and should do now October 2012 The heart of the matter US financial reporting will continue to change over the next several years Although US companies will not when, and how IFRS might be be permitted to use International incorporated into the US financial Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) reporting system. for US public filings in the foreseeable • In May 2011, the SEC’s Office of future, IFRS has been affecting US the Chief Accountant published a companies for some time, primarily Staff Paper exploring one possible through engaging in cross-border method to incorporate IFRS merger-and-acquisition (M&A) into the US financial reporting activity, meeting the reporting needs system, involving an active of non-US stakeholders, and assisting Financial Accounting Standards with or monitoring of the IFRS Board (FASB) incorporating IFRS requirements of non-US subsidiaries. into US GAAP over an extended US companies are also becoming period of time (the “endorsement” increasingly aware of IFRS, as key method). Under this method, the aspects of US generally...
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...Work Plan for the Consideration of Incorporating International Financial Reporting Standards into the Financial Reporting System for U.S. Issuers A Comparison of U.S. GAAP and IFRS A Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Paper November 16, 2011 OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ACCOUNTANT UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION This is a paper by the Staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The Commission has expressed no view regarding the analysis, findings, or conclusions contained herein. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Methodology ........................................................................................................................2 A. Scope of the Analysis...............................................................................................2 B. MoU and Other Joint Projects..................................................................................3 C. SEC Rules and Regulations .....................................................................................8 D. General Observations and Clarifications .................................................................8 Comparison of Requirements ............................................................................................11 A. Accounting Changes and Error Corrections...
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...MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS For the three months ended June 30, 2006 As at August 29, 2006 This Management Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto as at and for the three months ended June 30, 2006 and 2005 and the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto as at and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006 and 2005. Forward-Looking Statements This document contains forward-looking information relating to Northampton Group Inc. and the hospitality industry. Forward-looking information addresses future events and conditions that are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties beyond the Company’s ability to control or predict. Actual events or results therefore may differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and should acquaint themselves with s management' more detailed discussion of potential risks and uncertainties found later in this discussion. Non-GAAP Financial Measures The MD&A includes certain non-GAAP measures. These measures are not recognized under GAAP and our method of calculating them may not be comparable to measures presented by other entities. They are provided to supplement the reader’s understanding of the Company’s performance and should not be used as an alternative to the standard GAAP disclosures. The following...
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...Statement Analysis: An Introduction R23: Financial Reporting Mechanics R24: Financial Reporting Standards The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) The Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) R25: Understanding the I/S R26:Understanding the B/S R27: Understanding the C/F R28: Financial Analysis Techniques R29: Inventories R30: Long-Lived Assets R31: Income Taxes R32: Long-Term Liabilities and Leases U.S. GAAP SS9 SS8 Generally Accepted Accounting Principle The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) The International Accounting Standards (IAS) The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) SS10 Recognition R33: Financial Reporting Quality R34: Financial Statement Analysis: Applications Measurement IFRS Disclosure Financial analysis 3-375 4-375 Framework Financial reporting & analysis 1. The role of financial reporting and financial statement analysis The role of financial reporting The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) definition: 2. The resources used for financial statement analysis Financial reporting refers to the way companies show their financial performance to investors, creditors, and other interested parties by preparing and presenting financial statements. Key financial statements Other relevant information The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the 3. Auditing 4. Financial statement analysis framework ...
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... Its purpose is to provide a perspective for users of external financial reports on matters arising from Canada’s imminent change in accounting standards for public companies. Members of audit committees and preparers may also find this guide a useful reference. For fiscal years commencing in 2011 and thereafter, Canadian GAAP for most public companies will transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs). These global accounting standards should improve international financial reporting comparability in an increasingly global business environment. The conversion to IFRSs will potentially result in a myriad of changes in an entity’s financial statements, and, therefore, its performance metrics. In some cases these changes will have no material consequences. In others, however, the changeover will have a material impact on the majority of commonly used performance metrics. Users of financial reports need to be able to distinguish reported performance changes caused by the transition to IFRSs from those caused by changes in the business. While an entity’s first IFRS reports will be accompanied by extensive reconciliations to old Canadian GAAP, they will generally provide reconciliations of amounts rather...
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...Global Accounting Convergence and the Potential Adoption of IFRS by the U.S. (Part I): Conceptual Underpinnings and Economic Analysis Luzi Hail, Christian Leuz, and Peter Wysocki SYNOPSIS: This article is Part I of a two-part series analyzing the economic and policy factors related to the potential adoption of IFRS by the United States. In this part, we develop the conceptual framework for our analysis of potential costs and benefits from IFRS adoption in the United States. Drawing on the academic literature in accounting, finance, and economics, we assess the potential impact of IFRS adoption on the quality and comparability of U.S. reporting practices, the ensuing capital market effects, and the potential costs of switching from U.S. GAAP to IFRS. We also discuss the compatibility of IFRS with the current U.S. regulatory and legal environment, as well as the possible macroeconomic effects of IFRS adoption. Our analysis shows that the decision to adopt IFRS mainly involves a cost-benefit trade-off between ͑1͒ recurring, albeit modest, comparability benefits for investors; ͑2͒ recurring future cost savings that will largely accrue to multinational companies; and ͑3͒ one-time transition costs borne by all firms and the U.S. economy as a whole, including those from adjustments to U.S. institutions. In Part II of the series ͑see Hail et al. 2010͒, we provide an analysis of the policy factors related to the decision and present several scenarios for the future evolution of U.S. accounting standards...
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...eBAY INC. ANNOUNCES FIRST QUARTER 2007 FINANCIAL RESULTS - Reports Record Q1 Net Revenues of $1.77 Billion - Delivers Q1 GAAP Diluted EPS of $0.27 and Non-GAAP Diluted EPS of $0.33 - Raises Full Year Guidance San Jose, Calif, April 18, 2007 — eBay Inc. (Nasdaq: EBAY; www.ebay.com) reported financial results for its first quarter ended March 31, 2007. eBay reported record consolidated Q1-07 net revenues of $1.77 billion, representing a growth rate of 27% year over year. GAAP operating income was $468 million, an increase of 45% year over year, and represented 26.5% of net revenues. Non-GAAP operating income in Q1-07 was $593 million, representing a 33.6% operating margin and a 29% year-over-year increase. GAAP net income in Q1-07 increased 52% year over year to $377 million, or $0.27 earnings per diluted share. Non-GAAP net income increased 34% year over year to $460 million, or $0.33 earnings per diluted share. GAAP and non-GAAP earnings per diluted share increased 59% and 39% year over year, respectively. The company purchased approximately 10 million shares of its common stock at a total cost of approximately $333 million during the quarter and may purchase up to an additional $2.0 billion of common stock through January 2009 under its stock repurchase program. “This first quarter of 2007 was a very strong one for the company,” said eBay Inc. President and Chief Executive Officer, Meg Whitman. “The strength of our core businesses, as well as the significant traction we’re beginning...
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...de First Version, June 2006 This Version, July 2006 Forthcoming in: Betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung und Praxis, 58 (4), 2006. We thank Karsten Detert for some of the data used in this study. Applying IFRS in Germany – Determinants and Consequences Abstract: We address three research questions motivated by the recent ascent of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Europe. First, analyzing the determinants of voluntary IFRS adoption by publicly traded German firms during the period 19982004, we find that size, international exposure, dispersion of ownership, and recent IPOs are important drivers. Second, using the results from this determinant model to construct propensity score-matched samples of IFRS and German-GAAP (HGB) firms, we document significant differences in terms of earnings quality: IFRS firms have more persistent, less predictable and more conditionally conservative earnings. Third, analyzing information asymmetry differences between IFRS and HGB firms, we show that IFRS adopters experience a decline in bid-ask spread of 70 base points and an average of 17 more days with price changes per year. On the other hand, IFRS adopter’s stock prices seem to be more volatile. In the light of some important limitations of our study, we discuss IFRS-related research opportunities in post-2005 Europe. Keywords: IFRS, earnings quality, earnings attributes, information asymmetry, standard setting, IAS Regulation, Europe, propensity-score matching,...
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...Suggestion about CMA Date: Sep. 10 2012 This memo is in response to your questions hiring a CMA. This memo will first explain Certified Management Accountant (CMA) and then discuss the value of CMA to the company. After you know the designation of CMA, you will be better able to decide whether the extra amount salary is worth. What Is Certified Management Accountant (CMA)? The title Certified Management Accountant (CMA) is used by various professional bodies around the world to designate their different professional certifications. CMA is also called as The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) in the United State. IMA is a collective voice of accountants and financial professionals around the world who work in business, with job responsibilities distinct from those in public accounting. The Value of CMA to the Company IMA raises awareness of management accounting, which includes jobs in decision support, plan, and control positions. Some common job titles for management accountants include: Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Treasurer, Vice President of Finance, Controller, Treasurer, Finance Manager, Internal Auditor, Corporate or Division Planner, Cost Accountant, and Staff Accountant. The four-part CMA exam covers a wider body of knowledge, including Business Analysis, Management Accounting and Reporting, Strategic Management, and Business Applications which give the accounting staff a broader background. IMA has found that more than 90 percent of all accounting...
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...US GAAP versus IFRS The basics December 2011 !@# Table of contents Introduction .....................................................................2 Financial statement presentation......................................4 Interim financial reporting ................................................6 Consolidation, joint venture accounting and equity method investees .............................................................7 Business combinations ...................................................11 Inventory .......................................................................13 Long-lived assets ...........................................................14 Intangible assets ............................................................16 Impairment of long-lived assets, goodwill and intangible assets ............................................................18 Financial instruments .....................................................20 Foreign currency matters ...............................................28 Leases ...........................................................................30 Income taxes..................................................................33 Provisions and contingencies ..........................................35 Revenue recognition.......................................................37 Share-based payments ...................................................39 Employee benefits other than share-based payments ......41 Earnings...
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