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Chapter Summaries

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Chapter summaries 7-10
Chapter 7
An interesting correspondence amongst plant and animal life is in the usage of small energy factories inside the cells to control the energy conversion developments required for life. Within plants, that source of energy is known as chloroplasts. They amass energy from the sun and conduct the usage of carbon dioxide and water. This process is called photosynthesis. After the process of photosynthesis, there comes the production of sugar. Animals are able to use sugars delivered by the plants in their individual energy storage called the mitochondria. The mitochondria produces a form of energy currency and it creates ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The ATP is a highly energetic molecule that supplies the vitality we need to get our bodies to function properly. The energy’s life cycle is powered by the Sun, and produces energy like ATP.
Chapter 8
Carbon dioxide produces glucose, which goes through the process of photosynthesis. This process uses the energy of light which converts into glucose. During cellular respiration, it happens vice versa; in which glucose breaks down to carbon dioxide and the energy that is stored, initially resulting after sunlight, is free and merged into ATP to be exploited through the cell because of its energy. Both procedures are contradictory to each other; therefore one creates glucose from carbon dioxide, furthermore, carbon dioxide is conducted out of glucose.

Chapter 9
Genetics are a sum of genes, genomes, and chromosomes. Genes are the actual physical and practical components of heredity. They are made from DNA and plays a role as directives to make molecules, such as proteins. Everyone’s genes contain two copies, each one is inherited from their mother and father. Most are the same in all people but some may be different in some people in the world. Alleles are made up of the same genes with little differences within ones DNA; which determines ones physical features. The body contains twenty three chromosomes and twenty two of them are called autosomes. There is something called a sex chromosome which determines the sex from the twenty third chromosome. Nucleotides contains an organic base, sugar, and phosphoric acid.
Chapter 10
Genes are a reference to major roles in inheritance; the method that particular traits or are distributed down from generation to generation. Genes carries the directives for making proteins, and it directs the actions of cells and how the human body functions, such as Huntington’s disease and phenylketonuria (PKU). Genomes designates the revision of all of an individual's genes (the genome). Interactions of those genes forms within one another and their surroundings. Genomics comprises the dynamics of complex diseases such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes, and cancer. These particular ailments are affected furthermore by a amalgamation of genetic and environmental aspects than by individual genes.