...Gino Settecasi GREEK DBQ ESSAY 12/16/12 1. Socrates was an ancient Greek stonemason and legendary philosopher, he also was one very outspoken critic of Sophists. In the quote, “The unexamined life is not worth living” Socrates meant that in other words, if you do not stand for something in life, you may as well just be wasting a life. 2. Aristotle was the most famous student of the great Greek philosopher Plato. Aristotle was also a Greek philosopher who developed his own ideas about government. He was extremely specific about democracy which he felt would lead to mob rule. He also felt that human reason is the most godlike part of human nature 3. In this document, Pericles is describing the complex government know as democracy. He had expectations for citizens in this type of government. For example, an expectation was that he wanted people, no matter what social class, to speak up for their political decisions no matter what the social scale. 4. Hippocrates was a Greek physician who studied the causes of illness as well as looked for cures. The Hippocratic oath states that he was promising to not give any harmful or deadly medicines to his patients. He also promises to not advise people to get any deadly nor harmful medicines. 5. Euclid was a highly-known famous Greek mathematician, he was also referred to as “The Father of Geometry”. He is best known for his work titled Elements, a thirteen-volume textbook on the principles...
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...Life as a woman in Athens A historic view point by Cecil Fuson. Being a woman in Ancient Athens was not what the movies and Plays led me to believe. The Athenian Democracy was a democracy of the minority. Every man, no matter their class had equal say in the ruling of the government. But Women, Slaves and Foreigners had zero civil rights and no influence on how things were done. Because the Athenian’s were a very exclusive society, they rarely allowed outsiders share in the privileges the citizens had. As Such, Female Children were raised to serve. To produce new citizens for the polis. It was not uncommon for a young woman’s freedom to be restricted during their reproductive years. Or even to be married off to a family member. Doing so ensured that the financial resources were kept within the family. That leaves a very dark image of life for a woman in Athens. However this was not the way it was for all women. There were the Mistress of upper class. They were trained in the general arts. Thus allowing them to participate in debates and other acts that most women were cut off from. However life was not all peaches and cream for the mistress. They paid for their freedom. They gave up all possibility of having kids as well as of ever having a normal home life. Some believe that the Hetaera as they were called were borderline prostitutes. There was a big difference between the poor and wealthy families. Women from poor families, while not able to take part of normal...
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...| Is a Mediterranean country. But Greek city states were separated by hilly country sides and water. “Greece communities began to organize themselves and exercise authority over their own limited geographical regions, which were defined by natural boundaries- mountains, rivers, and plains (Henry Sayre, 2013, pg 49)”. Greeks had many different types of governments. They all changed over time due to new beliefs or ideas. “Greece began by having monarchies, then oligarchies, then tyrannies and then democracies, but at each period there were plenty of city stated using a different system, and there were many which never did become democracies or tyrannies at all ( History for kids, 2012)”. That could because of a lot of things, distance from the other Greek city’s, population, production, etc. | Is a Mediterranean country. Rome was an inland country on the side of the Tiber river. It did not have much of a hilly geographical terrain. In Italy, around Naples, mt. Vesuvius produced fertile land by blanketing the soil with tephra which aged into rich soil (N.S. Gill, 2012). The romans didn’t really change their type of government that much. They pretty much stayed the same throughout the years. “From 500 BC to nearly 1500 AD for two thousand years, Roman government had more or less the same system ( History for kids, Roman government, 2012) | Economics and trade practices | Greece economy was...
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...systems of the Persian Empire and of Greece. What factors best explain the differences between Persian and Greek culture? Why did the Persians and the Greeks come into conflict? What factors contributed to the demise of the Persian Empire? There are precious few similarities between the political systems of the two civilizations; in fact they were almost diametrically opposite each other. The Persian Empire started with Cyrus, who united the Persians and overthrew the Medes, prompting the two similar cultures to blend. The empire reached its fullest extent under Darius I, who built its basic governmental structure: provinces governed by satraps, tribute money funneled to the center, and a decentralized legal system. An extensive road and post system connected the imperial center because the Persian Empire was the largest empire in the world at that time. The Persian government demonstrated flexibility and tolerance in its handling of the laws, customs, and beliefs of subject peoples. The Persian administration superimposed on top of local structures and the Persians also displayed a flair for public relations. The Zoroastrian religion underlined the authority of the king as the appointee of god, champion of justice, and defender of world order against evil and destructive forces. By imposing a uniform system of law and administration and by providing security and stability, the Persian government fostered commerce and prosperity. -The Greece consisted of hundreds of independent...
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...Classical Societies. Maria HUM/205 There is an incredible amount of artwork from the Classical societies, which inspired artists and artists today. Art can reveal an extensive amount of information regarding the culture and background of the society, which it was created. To examine artwork in relation to the culture of the each society, the artwork must be analyzed in variety of ways. The artwork that will be examined will be the Parthenon from the Classical Greece period, The Scraper from the Hellenistic Period, and the tombs from the Etruscan Civilization. The Parthenon is a great example of the Doric style of architecture from the Classical Greek period, as shown in Figure 1. The Parthenon was built by Perikles, the great Athenian leader. It was built on the highest point and was the largest building on the mainland. (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, pp. 66-121) The Parthenon was made of marble and was built in 447-432 BCE. Parthenon is a temple dedicated to the Goddess Athena. ("The Parthenon") An image of Athena made out of gold and ivory stands in the Parthenon. (Benton & DiYanni, 2008, pp. 66-121) The Greeks believed she helped them defeat the Persian Empire during the Persian Wars. The Parthenon is known to symbolize wealth and power of the Athenians. Tax money of the people was used to pay for the building. Ironically, the building was used as a state treasury, which held tax money that the Dalian League collected. The society was proud of its culture and political...
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...Alejandra Fraguada Ancient & Medieval Western Civilization Contributions of Greek Civilization to Western Civilization. Ancient Greeks made many influential contributions to western civilization such as in the areas of philosophy, art and architecture, math and science. These contributions, which are also the achievements of ancient Greece, include certain things in the areas of philosophy, art, architecture, math and science. The ancient Greeks were a remarkable civilization in that they have made all these contributions and achievements while simultaneously fighting two wars, the Peloponnesian wars and the Persian wars. Luckily for western civilization, Greece carried on through these hardships and managed to achieve one thing after another, ultimately contributing a vast amount to western civilization. In the area of philosophy, Greece had made many influential contributions to western civilization. Greek philosophers were great thinkers who were determined to seek truth to a certain subject or question no matter where it led them. Three of the most famous philosophers in Greek history include Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato. Socrates, who lived from around 470 to 399 B.C., believed that life was not worth living unless it was examined and the truth about life was sought out. He also believed that there had to be certain standards for justice and punishment. In order to solve problems in life, Socrates invented a method for solving these problems called Socratic...
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...The Influence of Ancient Greece on Western Civilization Of all the cultures that have come and gone throughout human history, it was the achievements of ancient Greece that have left the most indelible imprint on Western civilization. In particular, it was greek achievements in the realms of art, democracy, medicine, philosophy and literature that has influenced the modern world the most. It is interesting to note that the loss of Greek thought after Roman civilization inducted a period popularly characterized as the Dark Ages. During this time human life was, in words popularized by Thomas Hobbes, “nasty, brutish and short.” Superstition, disease and a short life span were the hallmark of the age. It is crucial to understand that the middle “dark” ages finally ended with the re-discovery of greek texts to usher in the re-birth of civilization, ie: the Renaissance. It was the Catholic theologian St. Thomas Aquinas that set Western civilization on its current track by reintroducing Greek thinkers to European intellectuals. The popularizing of Greek philosophers renewed Western interest in Greek achievements, specifically within the realms of art, democracy, medicine, literature, and philosophy. While some of these subjects remained underdeveloped in Greek times, such as the discipline of medicine and democracy, others were so advanced as to set a standard to this day in the realm of art, philosophy, and literature. Discussed herein is a brief exploration of those Greek achievements...
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...Western Civilization I Comprehensive Final Exam Study 1. __________________ was a Classical Greek philosopher who was accused of corrupting the youth of Athens and condemned to death by poison. P80 2. ____________________ was a Greek city-state in which every male citizen participated in the military. P73,76 3. The Delian League was established on the island of Delos by _________________ and her surrounding city states. P72,73 4. The earliest and most famous Greek historian was _________________. P23 5. Alexander the Great born in/from ___________________. P81,89,91-96 6. Who was the Carthaginian leader who led his troops across the Alps in the Punic Wars? _____________________________ P123-124 7. List the members of the First Triumvirate. ____________________________ P138 8. _______________ was the first Roman emperor to become a Christian. P180-183 9. Which edict legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire? __________________ P180-183 10. Cleopatra of Egypt had a romantic relationship with which two Roman rulers? ____________________________ and _______________________ P97,140-141 11. The Edict of ________________ declared the acceptance of Christianity in Rome. P182 12. ___________________ was the prophet of Islam. P206-208 13. Followers of Muhammad are called __________________. (World Religions lecture) 14. The holy book of Islam is the ___________________. (World Religions lecture) 15. The holy book of the Christians...
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...In looking into the background of ostracism and its true purpose alongside the other Archaic Greek traditions in Athens of expulsion, exile, and ἀτιμία, there are several primary sources I will be using. However, the topic has its challenges. Since it covers a period where most of our surviving sources have been written sometimes centuries after the period they are writing about it is hard to find true primary source writings. The first primary source I will be using for my paper is Herodotus’ Histories. He is the first extant source for this period in Archaic Greece and through the Persian Wars, which is when the law of ostracism was enacted. His work is a very broad look into what he thought were the reasons that led to the clash between the Greeks and Persians, and as such is not particularly detailed or focused on ostracism itself. However, he does mention its use and in one case even seems to give a hint to his feelings about it: “… Aristides son of Lysimachus, an Athenian, crossed over from Aegina. Although he had been ostracized by the people, I, learning by inquiry of his character, have come to believe that he was the best and most just man in Athens.” It seems that he does not agree with the ostracism, noting Aristides’ good character and usefulness to Athens as a leader. This use of ostracism against Athens’ “best and brightest” seems to be a reoccurring theme throughout the entire period until it falls into disuse. I do not know if this might show a bias against...
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...Some of the most famous Greek and Roman artistic achievements involve statues. While they have a few similarities, the differences by far outweigh such. The Greeks were prominent well before the Roman empire, and it shows in their art. While their roles have changed with respect to the rest of the world, their contributions to art still remain. One notable difference between the two styles of making sculptures is that the Greek ones are free-standing, meaning they are capable of standing without any extra help or support. Their Roman counterparts, however, almost always need some form of support as the statues they produced had problems standing upright. The most common method used by Romans to support their statues involved implementing a post. Inspiration Another key difference lies in what the artists of the respective cultures depicted. The Greeks were fond of making statues of the various gods. Beyond that, creatures of mythology---such as centaurs and hydras---were popular. Heroes were also a favorite to mold into a statue. The Romans, on the other hand, preferred to make statues of real people and events. The various emperors throughout Rome's history were often an inspiration for art. Real-life events such as great battles and catalysts for change also were represented in art. The Statues By and large, Roman sculptures aren't considered on the same level as their Greek predecessors. The Greeks are credited with pioneering the craft, and the Romans picked up the...
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...Hippocrates There is confusion regarding the dates and works surrounding Hippocrates. There have been very few records (date wise notes and proofs) found on his medicinal works, theories and life. According to most historians Hippocrates was believed to have been born somewhere around 460 BC in Kos or Cos, an island in Greece. Hippocrates’ fame gathered around medicine. He was the father of medicine. Greek politics and governance had opposed Hippocrates’ theories and approaches. For this reason the great physician had spent two decades in state prison. Hippocrates wrote his very famous book of medicine 'The Complicated Body' when he was in prison. Hippocrates was probably the first medicine man to have started thinking that diseases are common and natural occurrences and not due to some external forces like superstition or gods. Pythagoras and his disciples had credited Hippocrates for associating philosophy and medicine. Hippocrates stated that disease was created by environmental factors, diet, and living habits. This has been affirmed by the ‘Hippocratic Corpus’ (a collection of several medical works completed in ancient Greek eras having strong association to Hippocrates and his teachings). Plato’s works have mention of Hippocrates. Work The world and philosophy of Hippocratic medicine was very different from modern medicine. Hippocrates worked mostly in lines of anatomy, humorism and physiology. Hippocrates and his Hippocratic medicine were themed on ‘crisis’. The term...
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...Tyler Hill American Intercontinental University 06/05/2012 Elements of early Greek and Roman Cultures: Government | Compare•Kings originally ruled both Athens, Greece and Rome | Contrast• Rome eventually formed a mixed form of Republican government, followed by emperors• Greece eventually changed to oligarchy, and then to democracy | Geographical Terrain | Compare• Both are located in the Mediterranean | Contrast• Greece was separated by hilly countrysides located by water• Rome was inland without natural hilly borders | Economics | Compare• Both Rome and Greece economies were based upon agriculture• Both major producers of wine and olive oil• Both had forms of coinage | Contrast• Romans farmed, while Greeks thought that it was degrading• Greece had slaves, but Rome was dependent on slave trades | Trade Practices | Compare• Both exported wine and olive oil | Contrast• Romans imported wheat as a staple, while Greeks used wheat as a household food | Art | Compare• Both are very well-known featured in museums across the globe | Contrast• Greek art is considered superior to Roman art • Greek sculptors goal was to create ideal artistic form, whilst a Roman artist goal to produce realistic portraits meant for decorating | Architecture | Compare• Both have buildings and structures that are still standing today, proving excellent workmanship• Both cultures architectures can be seen in courthouses in America through columns | Contrast•Greeks had three styles of architecture:...
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...Jacqueline Aldaco Anthony Bullock Classics 28 27 April 2012 Knowledge and its Limitations Greeks could never know exactly what their gods were up to, so they often had to travel to visit oracles that were able to give them insight. Greeks saw knowledge as a form of power that helped them gain some control over their lives. To ancient Greeks knowledge was such an important aspect of life they had a divinity symbolize it. Apollo was the god of knowledge and medicine, in many Greek myths the quest for knowledge, or attaining too much knowledge altogether was a common source of tragedy. Ancient Greek cultures believed that even if mortals had the knowledge they sought, once they acquired it they did not know what to do with it. There are many examples in Greek myth that plainly show how knowledge eventually leads to tragedy. For instance, Oedipus’ search for knowledge of the king’s murderer ends up becoming his demise and the major source of pain in his life. Oedipus needed to find out why Thebes was suffering from a plague, so he sent Creon to the temple of Delphi to ask Apollo what he could do to life the plague from his people. As the oracle of Apollo Tiresias goes to Thebes and tells him that the person responsible for the death of the prior king, king Laius was living amongst them, and the plague would only be lifted once they found the murderer. In the quest for the knowledge that would save his people, King Oedipus summoned the messenger that was given the...
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...HIST-T124 T1 Study Guide I. MULTIPLE CHOICE KEY CONCEPTS Early Humans and their Culture * Define “culture” * Identify the features of the Paleolithic and Neolithic Cultures Middle East * Define “civilization” * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations Near East * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of Near Eastern civilizations * Identify the Hittites and Assyrians Indian Sub-Continent * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of early Indian civilization * Recognize and identify key characteristics and features of Harappan and Vedic Aryan civilizations East Asia (China) * Explain the role of climate and geography on the emergence of civilization in East Asia * Identify and describe the key features of Shang and Zhou civilization The Americas * Explain the role of climate and geography in the development of civilization in the Americas * Focus on the Olmecs in Mesoamerica and Chavin de Huantar in the Andes Comparing the Four Great Revolutions * Identify and understand the main points of comparison and contrast between Chinese, Indian, Near Eastern, and Mediterranean philosophy and religion Philosophy in China * Identify and understand the key features and messages of Confucianism, Daoism...
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...Classical Leisure Classical leisure in ancient Greece was a health and knowledge based ideal that promoted virtuous choices and conduct, and in turn led to true happiness and fulfilment. This state of being, known to many as Aristotle’s ‘classical leisure ideal’, was not restricted by work or time and had no ulterior motives. The parallels in contemporary leisure pursuits that can be seen today include studying, poetry, music, games, travel and sport; and are crucial for the preservation of arts, culture and the history of leisure in the 21st century. The classical leisure ideal emerged in Greece in 400-500 BC, where Greek life was based on the city-state, and philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Epicurus and especially Aristotle expressed leisure (schole) as the main goal in life (telos) (Lynch and Veal, 2006). ‘This state of being was contemplative and felicitous, with activity both giving intrinsic pleasure and being undertaken for self-development’, and was completely separate from ‘free time’ - ‘...anybody can have free time. Not everybody can have leisure’ (de Grazia, 1962 as cited in Lynch and Veal 2006 p. 8). Conditions that need to be met for classical leisure to exist include an awareness of the concept, ‘a breakdown in the universal ‘work ethic’’ and an ‘absence of the clock’ (p. 8). Consumerism and narcissism hinder these features and thus prevent some modern societies from adopting a system based on classical leisure. The ideas of freedom and conscious...
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