...University of Perpetual Help System Dalta Office of The Religion Affairs Dep’t In Partial Fulfillment on The Assignment Number 1 (Midterm) The Groups of People During The Time of Jesus Submitted by: Cristellesen D. Abara (MWF 10:11am FCL 302) Submitted to: Sir. Manny Cagata PHARISEE Conflicts between the Pharisees and the Sadducees took place in the context of much broader and longstanding social and religious conflicts among Jews dating back to the Babylonian captivity and exacerbated by the Roman conquest. One conflict was class, between the wealthy and the poor, as the Sadducees included mainly the priestly and aristocratic families. Another conflict was cultural, between those who favored hellenization and those who resisted it. A third was juridico-religious, between those who emphasized the importance of the Temple, and those who emphasized the importance of other Mosaic laws and prophetic values. A fourth, specifically religious, involved different interpretations of the Bible, and how to apply the Torah to Jewish life, with the Sadducees recognizing only the written letter of the Tanakh or Torah and rejecting life after death, while the Pharisees held to Rabbinic interpretations additional to the written texts. Josephus indicates that the Pharisees received the backing and goodwill of the common people, apparently in contrast to the more elite Sadducees. Pharisees claimed prophetic or Mosaic authority...
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...Significance of Ancient Roman Civilization Tuesday, October 02, 2012 7:29 PM Argument for how the achievements of ancient Roman civilization impacted subsequent Western civilization Established one of the largest empires in the world. Enduring legacy that continues to influence Western civilization Achievements: Law and Administration Roads and bridges Institution of a bilingual culture Of greatest significance: Roman Law and Administration Based on principles of justice and reason Instituted a system of common laws to protect citizens Notable aspects that many modern day governments uphold today: The recognition that all men are to be treated equal under the law A person is to be considered guilty until proven innocent The ancient Roman civilization did more than establish one of the largest empires in the world; they also left an enduring legacy which continues to influence Western civilization. Achievements in the areas of law and administration, construction of roads and bridges, and the institution of a bilingual culture helped to form an cultural infrastructure that has prevailed through the ages. Of greatest significance, is the Romans contribution in the areas of law and administration Their laws were based on principles of justice and reason. They institutes a system of common laws that served to protect citizens. A couple of important aspects we continue to value today are the recognition that all people are to be treated equal under...
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...we are all citizens of the Earth. As stated by the Roman philosopher Seneca the Younger “Show me someone who isn’t a slave. One man is a slave to lust, another to greed, another to ambition. And all of us are slaves to hope and fear. (Shelton 183).” Seneca believed that no matter who you are or who they were, what right do we have as humans to be inhumane to one another. There are many lessons to be learned from the experiences of the past. I’m here to discuss the comparisons of slavery between the ancient peoples of Rome and Greece, with the institution of slavery as it was practiced in the American Ante-bellum South. Through the dissection of the past of these two cultures, we can compare how the economic importance, treatment of slavery, and reform effected how long slavery was instituted in both culture. In both Ancient times and the Ante-bellum South, slavery was a huge part of both social life and economic life. In fact, it is said that one third of the population of Ancient Rome were slaves (Shelton). The market for slaves itself was large, slaves could be brought, sold, and even rented out. Not only was the market for slaves large, they stimulated other parts of Ancient Rome’s economy. Slaves were used on farms, on public state projects, as household servants, as prostitutes, and even as gladiators, Slavery was view as tradition so embedded into daily life, so that Romans didn’t want to abolish the act. Just as Ancient Rome, slavery was embedded into the Ante-bellum South...
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...Greek and the Roman Empire Name Professor Institution Course Date Both Roman and Greek Empires existed as early as fifth century B.C. extending their rule up to 10 century A.D and they’ve left mark to civilization of the modern world from their cultural, economic and political practices. History of ancient Greek spanned many centuries from 1600 B.C to 146 B.C with unfolding world around neighbors like Turkey in the East, Syria and a more civilized Egypt in the south (Williams, 2005). They laid foundations of life during this period: the institution of slavery, which spurred the growth of a leisure class; the emergence of city-states; the establishment of laws; and the development of various types of polity all contributed to both the creative culture and the political tensions that characterized Greece during later eras (Kirkuk, 1996). Earliest developers of the Greece Empire settled in the large Crete Island around 2000 B.C. They remained in separate states distributed across the Greece islands. Roman Empire was founded during the rule of Augustus Ceaser in April 21, 753 B.C. (Burgan, 2009). They heavily relied on myths and legends to explain their history and ancestral origin. The city of Rome was built on the hills near Tiber River which gave them a good view of their countryside and also be able to defend it against any enemy attacks. They had built boats and canoes allowing access...
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...The Rise and Fall of Rome The Economics Behind an Empire 4/18/2013 ECO 120 Seb Jaramillo The Rise and Fall of Rome To many people, the ancient world has always been a topic of great interest and study. The ancient world is essentially the explanation for how the world ended up where it is today. Our ancestors laid down the foundation that would help form and mold today’s civilization and the way people live out their lives in modern times. Perhaps no civilization of the past did more for the future than the efforts and contributions of the Roman Empire. For almost a millennia, the Romans controlled the vast majority of the world. Their Empire made it possible to spread wealth and knowledge to the far corners of the world and lay down a base common knowledge that helped pave the path for people to follow. This paper shall look into the background of Rome and see what economic forces helped lead to the formation of such a formidable empire. What allowed these people to become so wealthy and construct a vast territory? Why was it easy for the Romans to do so much while many other nations are still set back in our day and age? The paper shall also look at the forces at work near the end of the Western Empire that brought an end to the glory and majesty of Rome and how this knowledge can perhaps produce a means of prevention of the same fate for the United States. The city of Rome became a Republic around the year 509 BC. By the end of the first century BC Rome controlled...
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...Spell Check-list Unlike the Greek city-states, the Roman republic embarked almost immediately on imperial expansion. Utilizing its citizen armies, the republic gained control of the entire Italian peninsula. Conquered regions were incorporated into the republic or allowed to remain as independent allies. Rome's greatest rival in the western part of the Mediterranean was the former Phoenician colony of Carthage in northern Africa. Between 264 B.C.E. and 146 B.C.E., Rome defeated Carthage in the three Punic Wars. Rome's victory created an empire that extended from Italy to the Iberian peninsula and into northern Africa. The collapse of the Hellenistic successor states of Alexander's empire drew the Romans into the eastern Mediterranean. Greece, Macedonia, the Asian littoral, and Egypt were drawn into Rome's orbit. Rome and its Empire, (1995), Pearson Education, Pearson Longman, Retrieved from; http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wc_4/17/4390/1123999.cw/index.html The Regal Period. According to tradition, the first King laid the political foundations for the city, by creating the senate, and by dividing the people into curiae. He also extended Roman power by successful wars. Numa Pompilius is the antithesis, in many ways, of Romulus. He organized priesthoods, established religious rites, and sought to develop the religious life of the people. It was the main purpose of Tullus Hostilius, as it had been that of Romulus, to extend the material power of Rome. Ancus Marcius...
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...The modern practice of explaining a relationship with terms like 'it's complicated' or "we're going out, but not dating" stands to prove very, very different indeed when compared with ancient Roman terms for similar concepts. Even words with similar direct meanings have widely differing context. Sexual promiscuity among males might be transliterated as 'leno'. Whereas, complimenting a male's sexual prowess might be a compliment, "Impudens es leno!" is hurled as an insult, on par with the American "you bastard!" However, does the span of a few millennia dull every convivial sensation or make dreary every delectable euphemism for irrumo? Hopefully, it has not. Roman sexual attitudes have changed greatly since the time of the Caesars, but the facts and records of yesteryear's sexual escapades have not. In fact, sexuality in ancient Rome generally lacked what we would today call 'heterosexual', or 'homosexual'. The colloquialisms of the lower class and silvery loquations of the upper-class possessed innumerable profane terms, some of which have direct lines to modern profanity. There was, of course, the pearly, carnal decadence of the elite, so often portrayed in the media – however, the milk baths and wine showers that come to mind were extravagances and eccentricities, leaving the rest of the people with a very different sexual life. Homosexuality and pedophilia were tenuous topic, despite their common recognition and plentiful literary references. Most important of all, perhaps...
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...Slavery in the Ancient World and the United States Throughout history, civilizations have sought inexpensive labor to assist with projects both routine and momentous. Unfortunately, many civilizations have obtained this labor through enslavement. From the building of the Parthenon, to the White House, to mundane, everyday tasks, slaves have been vital to the establishment and continued success of numerous past civilizations. Nowhere is this better exemplified than in ancient Greece and Rome and in the first centuries of the United States. Slavery in all three of these civilizations slavery has its parallels, but the very institution varies widely between these societies as well. Although ancient Greek and Roman slavery and slavery in the United...
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...This is because, Renaissance Italy is the most active place in Europe to be developed in many aspects such as art, jurisprudence, economics, finance and politics. When the principle of the medieval international order crumbled in Italy around 1300, the Italian began to create a new political institution and the new institution was called as stato. Basically, stato is the Italian word which refer to the transforming until the word can be used to address political unit such as ‘state’ in English and ‘estado’ in Spanish. Those terms would become the term used to describe the basic political unit of the new international order. The Italian microcosm was an anarchic political space and the new states that the Italian evolved to fill that space were the prototypes of the future Westphalian...
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...What is a Myth? Before defining the term "mythology" one needs to define the meaning of the word "myth". The word itself comes from the Greek "mythos" which originally meant "speech" or "discourse" but which later came to mean "fable" or "legend". So the word "myth" is defined as a story of forgotten or vague origin, basically religious or supernatural in nature, which seeks to explain or rationalize one or more aspects of the world or a society. Furthermore, all myths are, at some stage, actually believed to be true by the peoples of the societies that used or originated the myth. The definition is thus clearly distinguished from the use of the word myth in everyday speech which basically refers to any unreal or imaginary story. A myth is also distinctly different from an allegory or parable which is a story deliberately made up to illustrate some moral point but which has never been assumed to be true by anyone. Some myths describe some actual historical event, but have been embellished and refashioned by various story tellers over time so that it is impossible to tell what really happened. In this last aspect myths have a legendary and historical nature. Definitions of Mythology The word mythology has two related meanings. Firstly it refers to a collection of myths that together form a mythological system. Thus one can speak of "Egyptian Mythology", "Indian Mythology", "Maori Mythology" or "Greek Mythology". In this sense one is describing a system of myths which were...
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...Your Name Name of Your Institution Abstract Compare and contrast distinguishing elements or features of early Greek and Roman cultures, including but not limited to, government, geographical terrain, economics and trade practices, art and architecture, philosophical and religious differences. COMPARE AND CONTRAST GREEK AND ROMAN EARLY CIVILIZATION GREEK CIVILIZATION | ROMAN CIVILIZATION | | | Geography: Greece comprise of Mediterranean countries. However, terrain is hilly countryside and were near water. Cities that were created around Mediterranean Sea are known as colonies. | Geography: Also Mediterranean countries; however, more inland, on one side Tiber River, Italic tribes did not have natural hilly borders. Around Naples there was fertile land and rich soil. It covered Italian peninsula where small villages were set around hills. | Economics: Main resource was agriculture. Produced enough wheat for own survival; but, bad agricultural practices showed the in-capabilities of Greeks. Wine and olive oil were chief imports. They thought themselves more superior and considered some work as degrading to them. Greek paid less attention on technology. Due to having slaves, many hardest tasks were done by the cheap labor-slaves. | Economics: Romans also were involved in farming; however, were imported most of their wheat. Trading helped their economy. They exported wine and olive oil. Romans depended on the slave labor...
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...Term Paper Name: Gbadamosi Adedapo Oluwatodimu Course: CH110 (Church InTthe Roman Empire) Class: TMM Year One (1) Question: As a Theologian vast in Church history, trace lucidly the definition and origin of the Church. Definition: The church; is it a who, a what or a where? There are several and various definitions of the word “Church”. However for the purpose of this study we shall define the “Church” as the people of God, the “laos” (gk) of God, the corporate body of people called out in fellowship and anticipation of the second eminent coming of Jesus Christ. The word “Church” though a New Testament word has it root in the Old Testament gathering of the Jewish nation as represented by the Hebrew word “qahal” which refers to a gathering of people. The “Church” is derived from the Greek word “ec.cle.si.a” which translated means to summon forth; the word was first used for the political assembly of citizens of an ancient Greek state (Athens). However during the advent of Christianity the word became associated with the Christian Church or Congregation! The word “Church” has both local and universal significance; as it denotes individual assembly and worldwide community of Christians. Origin: It is pertinent to note that although the word “Church” is a new testament Institution which “formally” came in prominence after the death of Jesus Christ; it may be naïve to assume that there had been no such gatherings before the birth of Jesus Christ, the New Testament in looking...
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...UYO AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA. FEBRUARY, 2012 1. INTRODUCTION All human societies have medical beliefs that provide explanations for birth, death, and disease. Throughout history, illness has been attributed to witchcraft, demons, astral influence, or the will of the gods. These ideas still retain some power, with faith healing and shrines still used in some places, although the rise of scientific medicine over the past millennium has altered or replaced mysticism in most cases. The ancient Egyptians had a system of medicine that was very advanced for its time and influenced later medical traditions. The Egyptians and Babylonians both introduced the concepts of diagnosis, prognosis, and medical examination. The Hippocratic Oath, still taken by doctors today, was written in Greece in the 5th century BCE, Horstmanshoff et al (2004:7). In the medieval era, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. During the Renaissance, understanding of anatomy improved, and the invention of the microscope would later lead to the germ theory of disease. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and lab technology (such as the x-ray) led to modern medicine, O'Leary (1939:65). 2. PREHISTORIC MEDICINE Although there is no record to establish when plants were first used for medicinal purposes (herbalism), the use of plants as healing...
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...Thao Nguyen Paper 2 HUM 2113 Ancient Rome was one of the greatest country and empire that have been existed in the history. Started as the small village in Italy, it became the biggest and most powerful empire of antiquity. Borders of the Roman Empire stretch from the deserts of Africa on the South to the Northern England and from Spain on the West to Euphrates on the East. However, it all would be impossible without Roman army, which conquered dozens of nations and brought glory to Rome. Roman army was in war campaigns all the time. Thus, it was the most experienced army in antiquity. Roman army almost the entire period of its existence was the most advanced among the ancient nations of the world. It started as the militia and through the years because a professional regular army with infantry and cavalry, with numerous auxiliary units and allied units. In Roman army were discipline, mobility, flexibility, and tactical skills, allowing it to operate in a different terrain and harsh weather conditions. In the days of the early Republic legion consisted of 4,200 infantry and 300 cavalry. This army was not yet professional. Warrior served in the army only when it was necessary. Warrior himself had to provide himself with equipment, which led to a wide variety of weapon and armor. Roman legion at that period based not only on a property qualification, but also on the basic of different ages. The youngest and poorest soldiers were supposed to armed with a sword, 6 darts...
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...preindustrial societies. The exchange of wives by their husbands was a practice among many primitive peoples. In the ancient Middle East and India temples maintained large numbers of prostitutes. Sexual intercourse with them was believed to facilitate communion with the gods. In ancient Greece prostitution flourished on all levels of society. Prostitutes of the lowest level worked in licensed brothels and were required to wear distinctive clothing as a badge of their vocation. Prostitutes of a higher level usually were skilled dancers and singers. Those of the highest level, the hetaerae, kept salons where politicians met, and they often attained power and influence. In ancient Rome prostitution was common despite severe legal restrictions. Female slaves, captured abroad by the Roman legions, were impressed into urban brothels or exploited by owners in the households they served. The Roman authorities attempted to limit the spread of slave prostitution and often resorted to harsh measures. Brothel inmates, called meretrices, were forced to register with the government for life, to wear garish blond wigs and other distinctive raiment, to forfeit all civil rights, and to pay a heavy tax. In the Middle Ages the Christian church, which valued chastity, attempted to convert or rehabilitate individual prostitutes but refrained from campaigning against the institution itself. In so doing the church followed the teaching of St. Augustine, who held that the elimination of prostitution...
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