...medical issues. Matt was feeling very physically fatigued, irritable, and had shortness of breath, which led him to schedule an appointment with his family physician. Dr. Hemo had been Matt’s family doctor for several years. In order to identify the etiology of the symptoms Matt was experiencing, Dr. Hemo referred him to the hematology-oncology department at his local hospital. The cause of these symptoms needed to be determined to reach a diagnosis. The phlebotomist drew the first blood specimen for the CBC, which indicated a problem. The results of the complete blood count showed that Matt’s blood count was below normal ranges. The MCV and MCHC tests showed that Matt’s RBC count was low. The low red blood count pointed to a diagnosis of anemia. After this series of blood tests, it was determined that he had cancer in his bone marrow and blood. Matt was diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Matt started taking tyrosine kinase inhibitors to stop the cancer cells from growing. He takes the TKIs orally, and has experienced side effects including nausea and diarrhea. The feeling of unease often leads to emesis. Matt’s body experiences dehydration from the vomiting and the frequency of the loose bowel movements. At this time when his body is lacking the essential water and salts, he becomes very weak. Bone marrow transplantation is the next step that will be taken, to replace the damaged bone marrow. Matt is coping with his recent diagnosis with CML, but his friends are having...
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...Rukeishaya Bonner March 24, 2013 Blood Disorders The evaluation of all three cases has brought me to a final conclusion on diagnosis, causes, treatment, and prevention. The first case I would like to start with is, Spencer. Spencer describes his symptoms as over several week he as noticed more bruising over the body, and tiny marks around the eyes. The disorder Spencer has is called “Thrombocytopenia”. Human Disease states in Chapter Seven that, “when a small number of circulating platetes results from a condition that impairs production”. It also very common, in being one of the biggest reasons someone may be hospitalized in relation to a blood disorder. This disorder is caused due to another condition that interferes with production of palettes. Examples are autoimmune disease, destruction of bone marrow, and malignant diseases. The symptoms he has would lead to doctors performing a blood test, which would then lead to testing the bone marrow in regards to the impairing of platelets. Treating this disorder is done by treating the issue that is causing the reduction of palettes. So once Spencer’s doctor have treated the underlying problem, then the next step is preventing the disease from occurring again .Spencer should get plenty of rest until his platelets counts have increased. The next case is Davon. Davon is a 5 year old African American who is new to the area and his mother has the trait for sickle cell, and would like to have Davon tested. Sickle Cell is a genetic...
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...Las Enfermedades Hay varios tipos de enfermedades, entre ellos unos mas complicados o peligrosos que otros. Entre ellos se encuentran: * Anemia o Desnutrición: Se le llama anemia o desnutrición. La anemia se define como una baja de hemoglobina en la sangre. La anemia no es una enfermedad sino un signo que puede estar originado por múltiples causas, como la falta de hierro o también pérdidas excesivas debido a varias hemorragias. -Anorexia: como síntoma, que describe la falta de apetito y puede ocurrir en circunstancias muy diversas; 1_ La anorexia nerviosa 2_ La anorexia sexual -Caries dentales: La caries es una enfermedad multifactorial que se caracteriza por la destrucción de los tejidos del diente como consecuencia de la desmineralización provocada por los ácidos que genera la placa bacteriana. Las bacterias fabrican ese ácido a partir de los restos de alimentos de la dieta que se les quedan expuestos. -Diabetes: La diabetes mellitus es un conjunto de trastornos metabólicos que afecta a diferentes órganos y tejidos, dura toda la vida y se caracteriza por un aumento de los niveles de glucosa en la sangre Hipertiroidismo e hipotiroidismo: El hipertiroidismo es un tipo de tirotoxicosis caracterizado por un trastorno metabólico en el que el exceso de función de la glándula tiroides conlleva una hipersecreción de hormonas tiroideas. Obesidad: La obesidad es la enfermedad crónica de origen multifactorial prevenible que se caracteriza por...
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...Unit 1 Case Study 1: Tell me about blood. 1. Lower than normal Hematocrit indicates Anemia. Hematocrit does not have enough Hemoglobin which is an oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells that results in having Iron, B12 and Folic Acid deficiencies. The main causes of developing Anemia include: medications and pregnancy, but the more serious causes include: kidney disease and cancer of the kidney, also leukemia and lymphoma. A bacterial infection on the Hematocrit can cause the white blood cell count to raise but lower Hematocrit. 2. Lymphocytes and other formed elements develop from Pluripotent cells. Pluripotent stem cells generate Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells. The Myeloid stem cells starts and completes development in red bone marrow and raises red blood cells, Platelets Eosinophils, Basophils, Neutrophils and Monocytes. The Lymphoid stem cells develop in red bone marrow but complete in the Lymphocytes tissue. 3. Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells or Erythrocytes. It slows down when there is a decrees in oxygen carrying capacity of blood but speeds up when oxygen is delivered to the kidneys and other tissue foils. 4. If a person with type B where to receive Type O blood there would be no negative effects because Type O blood is universal. 5. A: The WBC that has a round nucleus surrounded by a blue halo of cytoplasm with no visible granules is called Lymphocytes. B: the WBA that contains dense blue-purple granules that hides...
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...Subjective data Identification: K.G. is a pregnant 23 year-old Caucasian female. Chief complaint: Ms. G. enters the clinic today for a routine obstetric exam. History of present illness: Ms. G. is 34 weeks pregnant and is a G1 P0. Last menstrual period was 10/23/13. Past Medical History: The patient has a history of gestational thrombocytopenia. Past Surgical History: Ms. G. had a benign cyst removed from her anterior neck in 2013. Family History: Ms. G. states that her mother and father both alive and her father has a history of asthma. Ms. G. states that her mother has rheumatoid arthritis. Ms. G. is an only child. Social History: Ms. G. is single. Ms. G. does not smoke or drink alcohol. Ms. G. does not use or has never used illicit drugs. Ms. G. works full-time in the banking industry. Ms. G. does not participate in any form of exercise on a regular basis. Current medications: Ms. G. states that she does take prescription medications. The patient takes prenatal vitamins. Allergies: Ms. G. states she has no medication allergies. Review of Systems General: Ms. G. has gained 30 Lbs. with this pregnancy. Ms. G denies any fever or chills. Ms. G. does have normal pregnancy fatigue. Skin: The patient denies any rashes or lesions. The patient denies any changes in moles or skin growths. Head, eyes, ears, nose and throat: The patient denies any sore throat, cough, congestion. The patient does not wear contact lenses or glasses. The patient denies any...
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...HAEMATOLOGY Answers to case study questions Chapter 5 Case Study 5.1 We find a 50-year-old woman with long-term Crohn’s disease, on various treatments and with an abdominal surgical history. Her blood tests were requested following a routine GP visit, when she complained of some lethargy, fever and diarrhoea. (p. 125) 1 The results outside the reference range are haemoglobin, MCV and ESR. This result, along with the history, is sufficient to confer the diagnosis of anaemia. With the MCV below the bottom of the reference range, we can extend the diagnosis to microcytic anaemia. The abnormal ESR adds little to the diagnosis as it is the likely consequence of the anaemia. 2 Having given the patient a diagnosis, a treatment must be initiated. However, this is not yet possible as the basis of the microcytic anaemia must be defined. As the two major causes of microcytic anaemia are iron deficiency and haemoglobinopathy, the blood is tested for iron. A level below the bottom of reference range extends the diagnosis to iron-deficient microcytic anaemia. The reason for the vitamin B12 request is unclear, but as the result is within the reference range, then malnutrition as a cause seems unlikely. The diagnosis is not entirely unexpected given the history— Crohn’s disease being an inflammatory disorder of the intestines known to lead to malabsorption. Indeed, the inflammation may well contribute to the abnormal ESR. The referral to surgery may well have been to remove a section of diseased...
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...Sickle cell disease can be diagnosed in newborns and older individual. Diagnoses tests of sickle-cell disease are based on evaluate of hemoglobin and these are some of them: Complete blood count (CBC) is a common blood test which is a snapshot of the number of cells in the bloodstream. It is used to measure several components and features of your blood. Including the concentration of red blood cells and how much hemoglobin is in them and it also provides information on the physical characteristics of the RBCs such as the size and shape of the RBCs present. Blood film or peripheral blood smear and also called manual differential is a thin, stained layer of blood smeared on a microscope slide. An examination of the patient’s blood film can evaluate whether the morphology of RBCs is normal so it shows features of sickling as well as the number of RBCs. Sickle solubility is used to detect the hemoglobin S by adding reducing solution to a patient's blood sample. The reduced amount of oxygen will cause the abnormal sickle-shaped cells to form. This test identifies the presence of hemoglobin S but does not differentiate between sickle cell disease and trait. Moreover, it is inaccurate in the newborn, because of the presence of hemoglobin F (fetal) as the predominant hemoglobin at birth. Infants with sickle cell disease or trait will not produce considerable amounts of hemoglobin S until several months at least 6 months after birth. Hemoglobin electrophoresis ”a test based on the migration...
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...2014 Case Study #1 Anemia is a diagnosis given to individuals with low red blood cells. There are many different forms of anemia; some even cause the abnormal shape or size of the cells (Merck & Co., 2005). Physicians will diagnosis and treat anemia by assessing patient complaints, medical history and physical symptoms. This response will discuss objective and subjective data, and laboratory results to formulate a diagnosis and treatment plan of a patient. Subjective Data 26 year old Caucasian female, Ms. A., arrived at emergency room (ER) with complaints of a decrease in energy and her hobby of golf, along with increasing light headedness, general malaise, and dyspnea. She states her first bout of light headedness began while in a higher elevation on a golf course. Ms. A also reports having had dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia for the last 10-12 years, and that the noted symptoms seem to increase during her menses cycle. Ms. A also reports using 1000mg of aspirin every 3-4 hours throughout the 6 days of her menses cycle. She reports also using said dose of aspirin to relieve stiff joints when golfing....
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...breathed out. Platelets are to clot blood. They stop blood from flowing if a body part is cut. Plasma, red blood cells and platelets help the body run efficiently. If there is a problem with any one of these, the following scenarios may occur. Lily a 4 year old Caucasian female has iron deficiency anemia. Lily is only eating bread, pasta and hotdogs and she drinks only artificial fruit punch. Anemia is when the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Your body will make red blood cells that are too small or fewer red blood cells if your body does not have enough iron. This is called iron deficiency anemia. This is the most common anemia. Red blood cells bring oxygen to the body’s tissues. Healthy red blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Iron is a key part of red blood cells. Without iron the blood cannot carry oxygen effectively. Your body normally gets iron through your diet and by reusing iron from old red blood cells (U.S. National Library of Medicine). Iron rich foods include chicken and turkey, eggs, fish, soybeans, whole grain bread, oatmeal, raisins spinach and other greens. In order for Lily and other patients to prevent iron deficiency anemia they should always get enough iron in their diets. If you aren’t getting enough iron through your diet, you should take and iron supplement. Another blood disorder is sickle...
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...Anemia Anemia is a condition in which you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your tissues. Having anemia may make you feel exhausted. There are many forms of anemia, each with its own cause. Anemia can be temporary or long term, and it can range from mild to severe. See your doctor if you suspect you have anemia, because anemia can be a sign of serious illnesses. Treatments for anemia range from taking supplements to undergoing medical procedures. You may be able to prevent some types of anemia by eating a healthy, varied diet. Symptoms Signs and symptoms vary depending on the cause of your anemia, but may include: * Fatigue * Pale skin * A fast or irregular heartbeat * Shortness of breath * Chest pain * Dizziness * Cognitive problems * Cold hands and feet * Headache Initially, anemia can be so mild it goes unnoticed. But signs and symptoms increase as anemia worsens. Causes Anemia occurs when your blood doesn't have enough red blood cells. This could result if: 1. Your body doesn't make enough red blood cells 2. Bleeding causes you to lose red blood cells more quickly than they can be replaced 3. Your body destroys red blood cells Risk factors 1. A diet lacking in certain vitamins. Choosing a diet that is consistently low in iron, vitamin B-12 and folate increases your risk of anemia. 2. Menstruation 3. Pregnancy 4. Chronic conditions. For example...
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...To Do List 5/8/12 M.G. Goal 2: Resident will become self reliant with medication Resident will identify pills by color and learn the purpose - Invega- Light pink in color, small oval in size with pal 9 on it. Paliperidone is used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia (a mental illness that causes disturbed or unusual thinking, loss of interest in life, and strong or inappropriate emotions). Paliperidone is in a class of medications called atypical antipsychotics - Levothyroxine- Light blue in color tiny oval in size with LG and M written on it. Levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone, is used to treat hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Without this hormone, the body cannot function properly, resulting in: poor growth; slow speech; lack of energy; weight gain; hair loss; dry, thick skin; and increased sensitivity to cold. - Asprin- Yellow in color, small round in size with a triangle stamped on it. Aspirin is in a group of medications called salicylates. It works by stopping the production of certain natural substances that cause fever, pain, swelling, and blood clots. - Amlodipine- White in color medium round in size with g 1540 and 10 written on it. Amlodipine is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina). Amlodipine is in a class of medications called calcium channel blockers. It lowers blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels...
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...smoking tobacco. Whatever the cause may be health is extremely important and sometimes people don’t realize that until it’s too late. Some health issues that people in the United States face are anemia, Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure, and Kidney Disease. Anemia is a lack of healthy blood cells in a person’s body. Your bone marrow is what makes red blood cells and red blood cells carry oxygen to all of your organs and tissues. The bad thing about not having healthy red blood cells is if you do not have enough healthy red blood cells, your organs and tissues may not get enough oxygen. This can make you feel extremely weak and tired. There are many causes for anemia such as excessive blood loss, excessive cell destruction (hemolysis) or deficient red blood cell production anemia. Symptoms for anemia include fatigue (tiredness), lethargy (a feeling of laziness), malaise (a vague feeling that one is not well), dyspnea (shortness of breath), poor concentration, palpitations (unpleasant irregular and or forceful beating of the heart) and lastly sensitivity to coldness. There are some other symptoms that are less common but are still symptoms that may be overlooked. A person is diagnosed with Anemia through blood test and a series of questions asked by the doctor to determine if Anemia is what you’re suffering from. The questions asked will deal with one’s diet, medical history and even the medical history of your...
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...EVALUACIÓN PREANESTÉSICA DEL PACIENTE Y RIESGO ANESTÉSICO Dr. Raúl Sánchez Nodarse. “Por cada error que se comete por no saber, se cometen cien por no observar” Introducción. La evaluación preanestésica del paciente constituye el paso más importante en el proceso de anestesia, es precisamente en ella donde recae el éxito de la misma, es por eso que quien pretenda anestesiar bien debe dominar los procedimientos semiológicos que le permitan hacer una aproximación diagnóstica adecuada, para poder elegir el método anestésico apropiado según el caso en cuestión. Tiene como propósito identificar la existencia de anormalidades en los sistemas orgánicos y caracterizar la severidad del problema. Esta información debe obtenerse a partir de la aplicación de los procedimientos semiológicos, que incluyen: • Minucioso interrogatorio (Reseña y Anamnesis). • Examen Físico General. • Examen Físico Especial o por Sistemas, haciendo énfasis en sistema cardiovascular, respiratorio, urinario, digestivo (función hepática) y nervioso. • Exámenes Complementarios (hemogramas, química sanguínea, orina, radiografías, ecografías, etc.) El funcionamiento inadecuado de alguno de estos sistemas puede influir de forma negativa en la respuesta del paciente al estrés de la anestesia general y de la cirugía. Si la naturaleza de las alteraciones preexistentes es conocida y está bien caracterizada, el protocolo anestésico se puede ajustar a la debilidad específica del paciente. Cuando...
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...Anemia in Chemotherapy Patients Anemia: Side Effect of Chemotherapy BIOS 260 Section B 2/4/2012 Anemia and Chemotherapy Patients For patients receiving chemotherapy, anemia can be a common side effect . The big question, though is, why is anemia a common side effect for these patients? In order to be able to answer that question, the understanding of what both anemia and chemotherapy is necessary. Once that understanding is clear, then the causes can be analyzed. From that analysis, treatments can be established. What is anemia? Generally speaking, anemia is a condition of low levels of red blood cells. Nutritional deficiency, chronic disease, and hemorrhage could all be particular causes. These conditions decrease the number of red blood cells and oxygen delivery to the cells and tissues. Anemia symptoms that a patient can experience are fatigue, energy loss, lightheadedness or dizziness, shortness of breath, headaches, pallor appearance, tachycardia and chest pain. There are many different types of anemia, such as iron deficiency, anemia of chronic disease, megaloblastic and hemolytic (Zelman, 2009). The classes that are the result of chemotherapy are iron deficiency and anemia of chronic disease. The difference is the class is based on the type of cancer that is being treated. Iron deficiency anemia is when the body does not have enough iron. When that occurs, the body will make fewer red blood cells or the red blood cells are too small. Iron deficiency...
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...Blood Disorders: Thalassemia, and Myeloma When something is wrong with your blood it can affect in your health. Your blood his three deferent types of blood cells: Red blood cells, which carry oxygen in your blood tissues. White blood cells, which fight infections, and Plates, it helps to coagulate. Unfortunately, some people have an abnormal function of blood. That why is important for you to know about some common blood disorders? This paper will focus on the causes, symptoms, and treatments of Thalassemia and Myelomas. First blood disorders disease is Thalassemia. Thalassemia: is a genetic blood disease. If you have it in your family you may have it two. There is primary cause of thalassemia. The first cause is that body produce less healthy red blood cells and that can lead to less hemoglobin. Thalassemia is also caused by abnormal cell structures. People with thalassemia may show variety of symptoms. The most common symptoms are fatigue, shortens, of breath and paleness. There are two common ways to treat thalassemia. First treatment is that potion can have a blood transfusion or bone marrow transplant. The second treatment is that the potion can replace sick genes. Usually people who are born in Middle East or GREAL have this disease can have this disease Also there is another common disease called Myeloma. Myeloma is cancer of the plasma cells, and if you have a family history with this disease you can have it two. There are two...
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