...A Definition of Anglo-American Folk Music: Past to Present It is well known that the colonization of the North American continent by europeans laid the ground work for the development of the modern United States. During this era, a new identity was formed as immigrants from the european nations began unifying. Out of this melting pot of cultures, new forms of music were born. Anglo-American folk music is a traditional form of music for the United States that developed from the immigration of English nationals. This form of music can be categorized into four main melodic behaviors: the Ionian (major scale), Mixolydian, Dorian, and Aeolian (natural minor scale) (“Anglo American Folk Music”). From the 20th century on, music became much more predominant to everyday life with the introduction of the radio in the 1930s. Folk music was mostly a treasure secluded to the country and mountains, but the radio allowed music to travel vast distances and have an enormous audience, which was never before possible. This allowed for single artists, like Jimmie Rogers and Bill Monroe, to become well known and produce iconic tracks that would be recorded as the traditional music of America. The lyrics that were used during this early America by these European migrating immigrants where about stories of freedom, life, and a search for identity. This became a significant part of the culture of the developing American people, who used this new form of media to identify themselves (historically...
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...American Roots Music 1 American Roots Music 2 The expression "American roots music" may not be well-known to all, and involves some enlightenment. At the start of the 20th Century, the phrase "folk music" was used by scholars to explain music made by the whites of the European ancestry. As the century grew, the meaning of folk music expanded to include the song styles, particularly the blues of Southern blacks. Folk music was viewed as a window into the cultural life of these two groups. Folk songs communicated with people’s hopes, dreams, and sadness of their everyday lives. More and more music was made by other groups of Americans such as Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and Cajuns (Louisiana)." The songs were sung on front porches where families would gather, in churches, in the fields and while rocking children to sleep. The melodies and words were passed down from parent to child. The songs and meanings were often changed to reflect change in times. Knowledge of folk songs and musicians grew, and popular musicians began to draw on folk music as an imaginative source as never before in the 1960s. "Folk music" became a form of popular music by singer/songwriter Bob Dylan, who helped pioneer the acoustic performing style that echoed the society based on folk musicians. Music writers, intellectuals...
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...GLORIA ANZALDUA How to Tame a Wild Tongue Gloria Anzaldua was born in 1942 in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas. At age eleven. she began working in the fields as a migrant worker and then on her family's land after the death of her father. Working her way through school, she eventually became a schoolteacher and then an academic, speaking and writing about feminis t, lesbian, and Chicana issues and about autobiography. She is best known for This Bridge CalJed My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color ( 1981), which she edited with Cherrie Moraga, and BorderlandsfLa Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987). Anzaldua died in 2004. "How to Tame a Wild Tongue" is from BorderlandsfLa Frontera. In it, Anzaldua is concerned with many kinds of borders - between nations, cultures, classes, genders, languages. When she writes, "So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language" (par. 27), Anzaldua is arguing for the ways in which identity is intertwined with the way we speak and for the ways in which people can be made to feel ashamed of their own tongues. Keeping hers wild - ignoring the closing of linguistic borders - is Anzaldua's way of asserting her identity. "We're going to have to control your tongue," the dentist says, pulling out all the metal from my mouth. Silver bits plop and tinkle into the basin. My mouth is a motherlode.· The dentist is cleaning out my roots. I get a whiff of the stench when I gasp. "I can't cap that tooth yet, you're still draining," he...
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...Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States Review: The Third Generation: Reflections on Recent Chicano Historiography Author(s): David G. Gutiérrez Source: Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Summer, 1989), pp. 281-296 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1052091 . Accessed: 01/05/2011 16:00 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at . http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=ucal. . Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive....
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...Narcocorridos Alexander P. Myers HY 377 Dr. Steven Bunker November 7, 2013 The facets of Mexican life that can be studied through the corrido are practically unlimited, and these ballads can be used as historical documents of important aspects of modern Mexican and Chicano life, as well as of the daily trials and tribulations of the pueblo the popular or common classes. Narcocorridos have and can be a positive to Mexican culture. The same cannot be said about its growing influence in American culture. In respect to historical significance of traditional Mexican corrido influences, narcocorridos provide a view of public/popular opinion not otherwise found in the media or other sources similar to the role of rap music in the U.S. Originally before modern technology or radios, corridos were passed along by word of mouth through family, friends, and traveling workers. Although the subject matter has changed, corridos remain rebellious, political, and an oral form of historical narratives. Corridos are often intensely serious, and they have always mirrored social and political concerns. They serve as repositories of both myth and history for a people not often served by mainstream newspapers and other media. Corridos are deeply ingrained in Mexican and Chicano culture, and are a standard form of marking major events in both public and daily life. In the beginning, Mexican corridos mimicked traditional Austrian and German Polk ballads and also had Spanish roots...
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...of Ireland, is a sovereign country member of the European Union that occupies most of the territory on the island that it is situated. While Northern Ireland decided to remain loyal to the English crown, the modern Irish State became independent from the United Kingdom in 1922, after signing the Anglo-Irish Treaty that concluded the Irish Independence War. The history of Ireland dates far back to 10,500 BC, with the first human evidence that has been found in the territory, but it wasn’t until the Iron Age that the Irish identity started developing, when the first Celtic language and culture emerged in the island, marking the beginning of a long history of cultural encounters and traditions. Regardless of...
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...either pushed or paddled. Brassieur later explains, “American developments in boatbuilding have always had considerable influence on Louisiana traditions.” The history of traditional Louisiana watercrafts is very complex and fascinating. “In south Louisiana boats are better built, better maintained, and have more meaning in the lives of local people” (Comeaux). Boats were very useful and still are today. Cajuns used many types of boats also. They used skiffs which were an ancient design. A skiff is any small flat bottom craft with a sharp bow and square stern. It was a particular boat for traveling the Mississippi river. Later three different types of skiffs evolved. The creole skiff, the Mississippi skiff, and the lake skiff. The creole skiff is the smallest of them. It has narrow beams, and the greatest amount of sheer and rake out of the water. The transom is also v-shaped. The lake skiff is the largest and widest. The stern is rectangular and wide. The Mississippi skiff is in the middle between the two. The center for traditional Louisiana boat building was in an old building that once housed a car dealership that sits on the corner of Lafourche and Main Street, in Lockport directly across from Bayou Lafourche, where huge steel ships are being worked on and constructed. There are several basic styles of folk boats, and each and every one has changed through time and space. Flatboat are the major boats used today by folk fisherman in inland waters in Louisiana. These flatboat...
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...settling population was of the same background; they were white, Anglo-Saxon, and Protestant background. Over time, Northern Europeans wanted entry, and eventually, Eastern and Southern Europeans, Asians, South and Central Americans came to America by the thousands. The American medley, what we call the melting pot was gradually emerging, but during progression, differences became noticeable. Such differences involved varied religions, races, and ethnic heritage. Two groups that I have researched are Chinese and Armenian immigrants. Chinese immigrants came to America in the mid-19th century. Chinese came to settle in California to join the Gold Rush that originated at Sutter’s Mill in Sacramento, California. But once the gold lessened, they came to seek work. The Chinese immigrants were mostly farmers who left china due to the economy and governmental dilemmas in China. Most anticipated on working hard, earn a large portion of money, so they could return back to country with their families as well-off men. During this time, the Chinese was no different than any other immigrant who came to America. They lived in neighborhoods and communities yet the Chinese maintained their culture. But, while a lot of Americans looked down on every immigrant, the Chinese were measured ethnically as well as socially inferior. Many Americans alleged that the Chinese were too unlikely to ever assimilate effectively into American values. Originally Chinese were welcomed, becoming an important...
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...The Civil War brought significant changes for African Americans, as they were freed from slavery. However, rather than achieving complete legal, political, and economic equality during the Reconstruction Era, which lasted from the end of the Civil War until 1877, African Americans continued to be second class citizens. As will be argued in this paper, African Americans experienced hardship and significant discrimination after 1877 due to racist laws, social, economic, and educational inequality; however, as laws and cultural sentiments about blacks changed during the Civil Rights Era, African Americans today have more political, economic, and educational opportunities than ever before. On the following pages, this paper will trace the path of African Americans to equality by discussing salient events in African American history from 1877 to the present. Significantly, as the author believes, while progress has been made since the nineteenth century, complete equality remains elusive even today for many African American men and women. The end of slavery did by no means lead to the immediate equality of African Americans in American society. The years after the Civil War and the Reconstruction Era, were characterized by wide-spread discrimination against African Americans. In the South, so-called Jim Crow laws effectively barred African Americans from having very basic civil liberties. Public and social life in the South but also in other places in the United States, was strictly...
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...Understanding the Influence of The Beatles on American Culture To say that The Beatles have had a significant influence on shaping their generation as well as generations to come is an understatement. The combination of their lyrics, vocals and instrumentals were like nothing the world had heard. Sure, there were risk takers like Elvis that daringly shook his hips and made young girls swoon, but even his abrupt promiscuity didn't have the same effect as the phenomenon of Beatlemania. The Beatles were more than their music. They influenced the lives of millions of people unlike any musicians before them. They were the first and most popular band in one of the most important music movements in American history, the British Invasion. The year 1964 was the year both the British Invasion and “Beatlemania” came to America and forever changed the landscape of music in the United States by introducing the genre of pop, as it is today. The Beatles changed the rules of music. Many things that are considered normal now were pioneered by the Beatles such as: creating compilation albums, expressing their views on world happenings through the media, musicians in movies, and even mass media advertising. The Beatles influenced American culture more than any other musical artist in history (Jacobs, 2004). Prior to the Beatles’ arrival to the United States in 1964, American society was in a valley of negativity. Tragic and unbelievable events were happening almost in a domino-like...
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...Columbus landed in Puerto Rico in 1493, during his second voyage, naming it San Juan Bautista. The Taínos, the indigenous people, called the island Boriquén Tierra del alto señor ("Land of the Noble Lord"). In 1508, the Spanish granted settlement rights to Juan Ponce de León, who established a settlement at Caparra and became the first governor. In 1519 Caparra had to be relocated to a nearby coastal islet with a healthier environment; it was renamed Puerto Rico ("Rich Port") for its harbor, among the world's best natural bays. The two names were switched over the centuries: the island became Puerto Rico and its capital San Juan. The United States anglicized the name to "Porto Rico" when it occupied the island in 1898 after the Spanish-American War. This spelling was discontinued in 1932. Puerto Ricans are a Caribbean people who regard themselves as citizens of a distinctive island nation in spite of their colonial condition and U.S. citizenship. This sense of uniqueness also shapes their migrant experience and relationship with other ethnoracial groups in the United States. However, this cultural nationalism coexists with a desire for association with the United States as a state or in the current semiautonomous commonwealth status. Location and Geography. Puerto Rico is the easternmost and smallest of the Greater Antilles, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Basin to the south. Puerto Rico is a crucial hemispheric access point. It was thus a valuable...
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...001Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) typical (B) satisfied (C) supportive (D) distinctive 006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) drop (B) extend (C) melt (D) drift 007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members. The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) necessary (B) typical (C) group (D) particular 020. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like. The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following? (A) unbelievable (B) uncontested (C) unpopular (D) unverified 022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes...
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...An Investigation of How Culture Shapes Curriculum in Early Care and Education Programs on a Native American Indian Reservation ‘‘The drum is considered the heartbeat of the community’’ Jennifer L. Gilliard1,3 and Rita A. Moore2 This article investigates how culture shapes instruction in three early care and education programs on the Flathead Indian Reservation. Interviews with eight early childhood teachers as well as classroom observations were conducted. The investigation is framed by the following research question: How does the culture of the family and community shape curriculum? Data analysis suggested that ongoing communication with parents and community about teaching within a culturally relevant context, building a sense of belongingness and community through ritual, and respecting children, families, and community were essential to defining the Native American Indian culture within these early learning programs. KEY WORDS: culture; in; tribal; early; education; programs. INTRODUCTION Instruction informed by children’s home and community culture is critical to supporting a sense of belongingness that ultimately impacts academic achievement (Banks, 2002; Osterman, 2000). American school populations are increasingly diversified with immigrants and English language learners; but American teachers are over 90% European American (Nieto, 2000). Educators who are from different cultural perspectives than those present in the families and communities of the children they...
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...Cambridge From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the city in England. For other uses, see Cambridge (disambiguation). City of Cambridge | — City & non-metropolitan district — | King's College Chapel, seen from the Backs | Coat of Arms of the City Council | | Cambridge shown within Cambridgeshire | Coordinates: 52.205°N 0.119°E | Sovereign state | United Kingdom | Constituent country | England | Region | East of England | Ceremonial county | Cambridgeshire | Admin HQ | Cambridge Guildhall | Founded | 1st century | City status | 1951 | Government | • Type | Non-metropolitan district, city | • Governing body | Cambridge City Council | • Mayor | Sheila Stuart[1] | • MPs: | Julian Huppert (LD) Andrew Lansley (C) | Area | • Total | 44.65 sq mi (115.65 km2) | Elevation | 20 ft (6 m) | Population (2011 est.) | • Total | 123,900 (ranked 171st) | • County | 752,900 | • Ethnicity[2] | 73.8% White British 1.3% White Irish 9.8% White Other 2.2% Mixed Race 5.5% Asian 5.1% Chinese and other 2.3% Black | Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | • Summer (DST) | BST (UTC+1) | Postcode | CB1 – CB5 | Area code(s) | 01223 | ONS code | 12UB (ONS) E07000008 (GSS) | OS grid reference | TL450588 | Website | www.cambridge.gov.uk | Cambridge in 1575 The city of Cambridge (i/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij) is a university town and the administrative centre of the county...
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...“melting pot,” and “Salad bowl” theories This paper will examine the theories of the “melting pot” and “salad bowl” and also look at “racial democracy” in Brazil. Secondly, this paper will look at cultural assimilation using these theories. Finally it will look at the myths of these theories and how they have affected the American and world societies. Have Americans really reached either the “melting pot” or “salad bowl” theories of cultural assimilation? Is Brazil really a “racial democracy” or is this also a myth and how does this differ with America? The United States of America is one of the most culturally diverse nations on earth. In 2009, Michael C. Lemay states, “the United States of America is arguably the most ethnically and racially diverse nation on earth”. Who is an American, I am using the term Americans to be defined as individuals who were native born, naturalized citizens, and individuals who consider themselves Americans from the United States of America. Generally speaking most Americans grow up, in ethnically homogeneous communities (Putnam, 2007) vice the differing theories of “melting pot” or “salad bowl.” While Americans live and work in communities that are ethnically and culturally diverse the issues of intolerance and prejudice against various ethnic and racial backgrounds has been a plague throughout much of the United States history. Such as the Grandfather clause or Block busting. The Grandfather Clause is a device...
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