...Assignment Question 1 – Anglo American’s Organizational Structure Anglo American has a number of businesses that include products that are sold raw to products that go through the full product chain to the end customer. These range from managed subsidiaries, business groups, business units to conglomerates. The organization goes by a product organizational structure. This structure offers flexibilities as divisions of Anglo American develop their own regional products meeting local customer needs. In this case, Anglo American develops management expertise to suit the region in a very regiocentic view. Such an autonomy can help alleviate risk and introduce methods that can help reduce cost of failure. The company has mining operations in Platinum, Diamonds, Copper, Nickel, Iron Ore, Manganese, Metallurgical Coal, and Thermal Coal. The disadvantage that Anglo American may be facing with the product organizational structure model is the loss of possible cross marketing opportunities, thus leading to cluttered ways to managing business opportunities. Challenges include passing similar marketing goals and messages still maintaining local product marketing needs. Anglo American’s organization page seems to suggest the presence of a directorial board that directs strategy, and other business motives. Each product base appears to have executive and non-executive directors with responsibilities assigned by the directorial board. The company seems to be well poised to make business...
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...Tejanos were the Spanish inhabitants that lived in Texas and Anglo-Americans was a name given to the Americans who settled down to Mexican owned Texas Stephan F. Austin a Tejano help grant many of the Anglo-Americans entry into Texas; however; many have entered Texas illegally and faced many opposition such as the Native Americans and the Spanish living in Texas and therefore lead to the Americanization of Texas. The Anglo-Americans adapted to the indigenous Native American population and the Tejanos living in Texas by being opportunistic and resourceful. The Anglo-Americans were very opportunistic to adapt, as they were able to gain from their selfish ways. Sam Houston was sent to Texas by Andrew Jackson to help redeem his life after the...
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...Anglo American Folk Music is considered as the traditional and typically anonymous music that is an expression of the life of people in a community and passed on through generation. Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. Folk music arose, and best survives, in societies not yet affected by mass communication and the commercialization of culture. It normally was shared and performed by the entire community (not by a special class of expert performers), and was transmitted by word of mouth. My observation included listening to folk songs and stories of Woody Guthrie. Woody Guthrie was one of those workers who headed to California in search of gainful employment. Woody wrote hundreds of songs between the 1930s and his death in 1967 of Huntington’s Chorea. The traditional American folk singer/songwriter, Woody Guthrie tells stories that often don’t even appear in history books. Woody Guthrie set the precedent for the breadth of issues and subjects about which an American folk singer could sing. His original tunes often put to work traditional melodies, as well as melodies to songs that were popular at the time. His lyrics encapsulated all the important issues of his time and of America in general, in plain and simple language that put words to what so many people were thinking and feeling. Quote from Woody Guthrie: "I am out to sing songs that will prove to you that this is your world and that if it has hit you pretty hard and knocked you for...
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...The War of 1812 is often referred to as the 'Forgotten American War'. However, it is a war that had a crucial meaning because it represented a threat to the very existence of very young United States. Just three decades after American troops defeated the British colonial powers in the Revolutionary War of Independence, the two sides clashed again. The American-English War, also known as the US Second War for Independence, ran from 1812-1815. The three main reasons for the entry of America into the war with Britain in 1812 are: the attempt by Great Britain to limit, that is, ban US trade with France; the capture of American sailors (by Britain) and their forcible sending to war with France; America's desire to expand its territory by annexing Canada. The War of 1812 was an armed conflict that broke out between the relatively new and young nation of Americans who named their country the United States and the old colonial powers called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (England). The war was announced by the...
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...GROUP 9 CHAPTER 16 CASE STUDY DELAYERING AS A DEFENSE MECHANISM Executive Summary In October 2009, Anglo American PLC, the world’s fourth largest diversified mining company announced that it was delayering – eliminating a layer of organizational structure. The major criteria for this reorganization were geography and asset status. Then in June 2009, the Swiss-British mining company Xatrata proposed a merger with Anglo- a move that would create a $68 billion frim to compete with industry giants like BHP Billiton, Vale and Rio Trinto. But in October, Xatrata withdrew its offer in the face of resistance from the Anglo board Carroll announces her “simplification and delayering strategy”. In making the announcement she asked shareholders for more time to develop the company’s assets and prove its value as an independent company. Introduction An organization changing its structure is not unusual among business these days as they struggle to remain competitive in a rapidly changing world. The structure of an organization is most often described in terms of its organization chart. A complete organization chart shows all people, positions, reporting relationship, and lines of formal communication in the organization. For large organizations, several charts may be necessary to show all positions. Literature Review Responsibility and authority are related to both configurational and operational aspects of organization structure...
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...CASE: Connecting within Oneworld Following 2010 approval by U.S. and Japanese authorities for antitrust immunity, American Airlines (AA) and Japan Airlines (JAL) began sharing routes in 2011 that connect mainland North America with East Asia through a nonequity joint venture. Flights between Honolulu and Japan are not included in the agreement. This joint venture is similar to one forged among AA, British Airways, and Iberia for trans-Atlantic travel that began operating in 2010. In both cases, the agreements allow representatives from each airline to jointly manage capacity, sell and promote space on flights operated by each other, divide revenues, and schedule connecting flights. The major thrusts for these ventures are to cut operating costs by better controlling capacity, avoid disruptive price competition among them, and schedule so that there are more and better departure times and connections for passengers. The proposals are merely extensions to a historical series of alliances linking international airlines. In fact, the airline industry is unique in that its need to form collaborative arrangements has been important almost from the start of international air travel because of regulatory, cost, and competitive factors. In recent years, this need has accelerated because of airlines’ difficult profit performance. In effect, the airlines have been squeezed. First, costs have been rising, particularly because of oil prices and the requirement for greater...
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...Throughout the history of the Earth, heroes have been characterized by great achievements. Heroes have saved lives or opposed their oppressors. Some victories incorporated are standing up for what they believe or fighting prejudice. These heroes have been around since the Anglo- Saxon period. During Anglo- Saxon time, heroes were revered for exhibiting loyalty and bravery whether it is through fighting monsters or wielding godly weapons. In modern times, how heroes exhibit these traits may be less extravagant; however it is no less heroic. The heroic qualities of loyalty and bravery are shown through Beowulf’s actions and compared to the famous Rosa Parks. In the epic poem “Beowulf,” loyalty and bravery is displayed when Beowulf travels to Denmark to fight Grendel for the Danes. These traits are also visible in Rosa Parks who is...
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...A Definition of Anglo-American Folk Music: Past to Present It is well known that the colonization of the North American continent by europeans laid the ground work for the development of the modern United States. During this era, a new identity was formed as immigrants from the european nations began unifying. Out of this melting pot of cultures, new forms of music were born. Anglo-American folk music is a traditional form of music for the United States that developed from the immigration of English nationals. This form of music can be categorized into four main melodic behaviors: the Ionian (major scale), Mixolydian, Dorian, and Aeolian (natural minor scale) (“Anglo American Folk Music”). From the 20th century on, music became much more predominant to everyday life with the introduction of the radio in the 1930s. Folk music was mostly a treasure secluded to the country and mountains, but the radio allowed music to travel vast distances and have an enormous audience, which was never before possible. This allowed for single artists, like Jimmie Rogers and Bill Monroe, to become well known and produce iconic tracks that would be recorded as the traditional music of America. The lyrics that were used during this early America by these European migrating immigrants where about stories of freedom, life, and a search for identity. This became a significant part of the culture of the developing American people, who used this new form of media to identify themselves (historically...
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...Eng 201 September 7, 2012 Analysis of Christian and Pagan Themes in Beowulf The heroic poem, Beowulf, written circa ninth century after the Common Era (C. E.), presents a bloody chronicle of a king’s role in the violence and tumultuous Germanic tribes shortly after the Roman Empire’s expulsion from the low countries of Northwestern Europe. Evolving from oral narrative’s, Beowulf’s origins, while traceable to a general place and time in history, remains obscure, and comes to modern readers through a manuscript written around the year one thousand C. E.. Written in the language of the Anglo-Saxons, Beowulf, namesake for the title, defeats three monsters, Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and finally after many years of ruling his lands, a dragon. While fictional, the author weaves the main plot centering on defeating these vicious adversaries with a mixture of both pagan and Christian customs. Beowulf illustrates numerous biblical references and Christian influences, while simultaneously reflecting a core of Germanic pagan customs. Christianity and its religious elements, alongside, pagan customs and practices, play a fundamental role in the heroic poem, Beowulf’s narrative. Grendel, the monster that terrorizes Hrothgar’s great Hall of the Hart, traces his lineage back to Cain, one of the two sons of Adam and Eve. Cain commits the first murder according to Christian teachings, slaying his brother, Abel (The Holy Bible, Genesis 4-8). Grendel sprang from, “Cain’s clan, whom...
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...'Old English' for the first time ? 2. What is the name of Bede's history book ? 3. What is the meaning of the Anglo-Saxon word 'scop" ? 4. What is the meaning of Anglo-Saxon word 'Wyrd' ? 5. What is the name of the only Anglo-Saxon historian ? 6. Name the Germanic tribes which formed the Anglo-Saxon race ? 7. Name the manuscripts in which Old English poems are found ? 8. Who is the author of Sermo Lupi ad Anglos ? 9. Who is the author of Lives of the Saints ? 10. Name two Anglo Saxon Christian poets ? 11. Name the 'earliest extant' Anglo-Saxon poem ? 12. When was Beowulf written ? 13. Mention one Christian element in Beowulf ? 14. Refer to one Pagan element in Beowulf ? 15. What is the name of the pleasure hall in Beowulf ? 16. What is the name of Hrothgar's wife ?(the queen) 17. Name the sword of Beowulf with which he killed Grendel ? 18. Which Anglo-Saxon poem records the fight between the English and Danes ? 19. When did the Battle of Maldon take place ? 20. Who is the author of Death Song ? 21. Who is the author of the poem Brut ? how many lines are there in this poem ? 22. Name two battles referred to in the Anglo-Saxon poems ? 23. What is the name of the monster Beowulf killed ? 24. What is the name of Beowulf's father ? 25. What is the name of the king Beowulf helped ? 26. Name two Anglo-Saxon Elegies ? 27. Name the Anglo-Saxon poem written in dream vision ? 28. Who is the author of Beowulf ? 29. When was Thomas Becket murdered ? ...
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...English is a West Germanic language that originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by Germanic invaders and/or settlers from various parts of what is now northwest Germany and the Netherlands. Initially, Old English was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of Britain. One of these dialects, Late West Saxon, eventually became predominant. The English language underwent extensive change in the Middle Ages. Written Old English of AD 1000 is similar in vocabulary and grammar to other old Germanic languages such as Old High German and Old Norse, and completely unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognisable in written Middle English of AD 1400. The transformation was caused by two further waves of invasion: the first by speakers of the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic language family, who conquered and colonized parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries; the second by the Normans in the 11th century, who spoke Old Norman and ultimately developed an English variety of this called Anglo-Norman. A large proportion of the modern English vocabulary comes directly from Anglo-Norman. Close contact with the Scandinavians resulted in a significant grammatical simplification and lexical enrichment of the Anglo-Frisian core of English. However, these changes had not reached South West England by the 9th century AD, where Old English was developed into a full-fledged literary...
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...“A Selfish Hero” Many people recognize Beowulf as the hero of Anglo-Saxon times. Judging by his amazing resume of feats and strengths, this is not hard to believe. Beowulf exemplifies the traits of a perfect and valiant hero, or so it seems. However, Beowulf, written by an unknown author, illustrates the great length the character goes through to succeed. Beowulf does anything in his power to prevail, leading him to become a selfish individual. Examining Beowulf's speech, thoughts, and actions, it becomes evident of the selfish hero within. Firstly, Beowulf's speech proves that he would do anything to prevail, illustrating his inflated ego. Although defeated in some battles, Beowulf manages to carry out every mission in order to justify his loses and make himself look successful. Unferth, who attempts to criticize Beowulf’s battles says, "Then winter churned through the water, the waves ran you as they willed, and you struggled seven long nights to survive. And at the end victory was his, not yours” (22;6;248-51). However, upon hearing this, Beowulf accuses Unferth of being drunk in order to make people believe he never understands what he says. "Ah! Unferth, my friend, your face is hot with ale, and your tongue had tried to tell us about Brecca's doings” (22;6;263-65). After hearing this, people are lead to believe Beowulf never takes this criticism seriously, for Unferth‘s drunkenness hazes his rationality. Thus, Beowulf makes Unferth, appear envious, while making himself...
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...The Middle Anglo Saxons had a harsh and violent society, and it was to an extent characterised by war. To gain power and wealth, military force was often the only way. But even though this society was in a constant war-like state, it also provided with culture and community. Unfortunately this period is known as the Dark Ages, and not many records were written. But through archaeology and the few sources we have, we can tell some interesting things about the life in this period. Who had power in the society was based on who had the strongest military force. Power was taken and lost through battles and wars. If a king was killed in battle, his killer, not his son, took his place as king. A kingdom was only as strong as their warrior-leader, and they gained their respects through their success at the battlefield. This meant that power could easily be gained but was very hard to keep. Also, the ties of loyalty were to a lord, not to his station. The king’s best advisors, his thanes, should not survive the king, and the worst fate for them was to be exiled by the new leader or king. Also, to outlast their fellow warriors was not something they wanted to experience, as their sense of identity often came from the warrior community. If a lord fell, his men fell with him. This made the Anglo-Saxon society fluid and unstable. Wars and battles also erupted between the different kingdoms. Power was always something leaders strived for during this period. In Anglo-Saxon times,...
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...Having the Faith to Survive The life of an English peasant around the year 1,000 proved to be quite laborious. Thanks to Sir Robert Cotton, authors Danziger and Lacey were able to tell us how the drawings of the Julius Work Calendar portrayed these individuals. The world was a quaint and quiet place in that time, with a total population of only one million people. “The year 1,000 was an empty world, with much more room to stretch out and breath.” There were three groups of citizens that were spread over the country side. These included workers, fighters and those that prayed for everyone. It seemed somewhat harmonious. The peasants worked for their Lords who took care of them. It was a mundane, but give and take society. “Life was short”. The expected life span was no more than fifty years. A boy of twelve was old enough to give allegiance to the King and a girl often married in her early teenage years. Through excavation, they have found their bones and surprisingly they did not differ much from us. They were the same height and their brains were the same size as ours. It seems to me that they were probably much stronger and smarter because everything had to be learned and preservation of sanity and health had to come from themselves. The Julius Work Calendar shows us that they were very much like us in that they lived by a schedule and got caught up in juggling time. It was a bit more structured for them though. They did not...
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...from modern English ? Old English was the language spoken in what is now England from around the 5th – 11th centuries and is the origin of modern English. Back then it was called Englisc and the people who spoke were the Anglo-Saxons; Old English is also known as Anglo-Saxon. Old English is essentially the first recorded version of English and it is the forebear of the language we speak today. Although a modern English speaker would likely have great difficulty in understanding written or spoken Old English, about half the words we use today are derived from Old English. Who Spoke Old English? At the beginning of the 5th Century, in what is now England, the local people were speaking Celtic while the government and officialdom spoke Latin, the language of the occupying Roman force. Britain, however, was coming under increasing attack from raiding parties out of Northern Europe.It was at this point that the Romans left (to defend other parts of the Roman Empire) and the country was essentially undefended. The raiding parties became more frequent and as they pushed further inland and then began to settle in the country, they pushed the Celtic speakers into the wilds of what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. These raiders and then occupiers were known as Anglo-Saxons. The Angles came from Englalandand spoke Englisc. The language they used came from back home and it took over completely from Celtic and Latin in much the same way that English settlers several hundred years later...
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