...the notorious dictator Adolf Hitler took over the congress, there were many tragedies occurred such as the rearmament, the plebiscite of SAAR, the Anschluss, the final solution, the Appeasement, the remilitarized of Rheinland and the fragment of the League of Nations. All of those crazy ideas were included in Hitler’s autobiography “ Mein Kampf” while he was in prison for causing a party rebellion. Hitler used three methods:Military, Diplomacy, and Holocaust,...
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...APPEASEMENT OF GERMANY After seizing power in Germany, Hitler set in place an ambitious foreign policy that aimed to undo the effects of the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler wanted to: * re-take control of the territories that it had lost at Versailles, such as the Rhineland * re-arm its military forces - something forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles * expand its borders to provide Lebensraum (living space) for its population * unite all the German-speaking people of Europe under the control of Nazi Germany * Hitler was prepared to gamble that the other European powers would be reluctant to go to war to stop him. WHAT WAS APPEASEMENT After 10 million deaths in the First World War, many countries were determined to prevent any future conflict. In the 1920s the League of Nations tried to follow the idea of collective security: * the idea that countries acting together could discourage aggression and, if necessary, act together to stop aggressors. * This was not very successful as it proved hard for all the countries in the League of Nations to agree on a common policy. As a result a second idea was considered. Appeasement was a policy adopted by Britain during the 1930s. * This policy developed from the growing belief that some countries, especially Germany, had been unfairly treated in the peace settlement of 1918-1919. * When they began to demand aggressively that some terms in the Versailles treaty be...
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...Hitler’s plans- Abolish the Treaty of Versailles – Hitler hated the Treaty and called people who signed it November Criminals., and was a living reminder of the losses in WWI; and that when Hitler came into power he would reverse ToV., and he stopped paying reparations. Expanding Territory- Hitler wanted to reclaim territory, and Anschluss with Austria., and German minorities to rejoin Germany, and give more lebensraum (living space.) Defeat Communism – A German empire carved out of Soviet Union would help Hitler to defeat communism, because Bolsheviks had brought the defeat of Germany in WWI, and believed they wanted control of Germany. Rearmament After coming into power in 1933, Hitler began to rearm, while thousands of unemployed joined the army reducing unemployment., a v large problem, and allowed him to deliver on his promise to make Germany great again, challenging ToV. He knew Gs supported rearmament, but others would not, so he rearmed secretly. He then chose to leave the league, following Japans example. 1935, Hitler formed a rally celebrating German armed forces, and in 36 reintroduced conscription, breaking the ToV and was getting away with it, in this point many other countries were using rearmament to fight unemployment. Failure of disarmament conference meant that other nations were not prepared to disarm. Hitler knew Britain had sympathy with Germany over armament, and the limits on Germany were too strict, and that Germany could be a good ally against...
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...Which was more important as a cause of the Second World War: * Hitler’s aims in foreign policy; * Neville Chamberlain’s policy of appeasement, 1938-1939? You must refer to both causes when explaining your answer. (10 marks) Task Read both of the answers below and make notes on what makes the first answer “bad” and the second answer “good”. Things to think about: * Does it focus on the question? How do you know if it is focusing on the question? * Does it answer the question, e.g. does it focus on explanation or description, and does it come to a conclusion about which bullet point was most important? * Does it include irrelevant material, e.g. things which happened before or after the dates mentioned in the question? * Does the structure of the answer affect its quality? If so, how? * Is there anything good about the bad answer? Task Read both of the answers below and make notes on what makes the first answer “bad” and the second answer “good”. Things to think about: * Does it focus on the question? How do you know if it is focusing on the question? * Does it answer the question, e.g. does it focus on explanation or description, and does it come to a conclusion about which bullet point was most important? * Does it include irrelevant material, e.g. things which happened before or after the dates mentioned in the question? * Does the structure of the answer affect its quality? If so, how? * Is there anything good...
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...Age of Catastrophes 846). How did the League of Nations respond to this? They were disappointed enough to vote sanctions against Italy. Regardless of that, Britain and France kept the sanctions from going into effect since they didn’t want an embargo on oil (Hunt, An Age of Catastrophes 846). I also believe these two nations thought, “We still don’t want to lose Italy like this! If Germany goes crazy, we might need Italy to back us up against this monster! Snap out of it, Italy, and come back to the days of the Entente!” I also think that, although France has its pride even in the face of defeat, it was secretly worried about suffering further injuries for the time being. Let us now move on to when Hitler took Austria. This man already had special connections with Austria that made things rather easy from the get-go. Although Hitler was a German politician, he was Austrian by...
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...War is a very broad term for writing. Under this word, everybody imagine black and white soldier with a gun in a dusty environment. My question is “why?”. Why is the basic question of all. Existence on earth, learning, reading, or why somebody listen one ear in and another ear out? Why do we have war? Why people argue?, fight?. Why do we have quarrels?, rivalry or racing? The answer is simple. Proving power is not really right move. Subjugation is the wrong way of showing the great powers or superpowers. Power should provide love and support, not a battle about who is better. When I asked my younger sister what is the war, she said, "Battles and shooters where people kills and dies." This way you also our ancestors proved and showed their "size". Dictators, leaders of fascism and nationalism did not just wake up one day and became dictators. These people started manifesting in early childhood. At the school in the form of bullying or vandalism, and if they do not have a steady hand above them, their "abilities" develop even further. Lack of attention or care from parents, despise, not enough friends- all of this bad examples play big role and they are benefits to become person like that. Maybe we should help people like that and not brushed them aside because they are different. They have their reason why they are different. In my essay I would like to compare two wars, World War II and Iraq war. What are the differences and what are the similarities? World War II Starting...
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...During this time the small alpine country was most recognized for their policy of active neutrality in foreign relations.[pic] With its flexibility and its initiatives in many fields of international politics, it can be regarded as one of the great successes in Austria’s rise in the international system. This positive evaluation of postwar foreign policy is widely shared by the Austrian people.[pic] The 1955 Austrian State Treaty and the policy of active neutrality as well as other factors were important in underpinning the strong popular allegiance to the principles of a new Austrian identity and to the establishment of Austria as an independent nation. A Decade of Negotiations for Austrian Independence With the Moscow Declaration of November 1, 1943, the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union declared that Austria, the first free country to fall victim to Hitlerite aggression, would be liberated from Germany and with that reestablished as a free and independent nation. Two weeks later, the French Committee for National Liberation, agreed to this declaration.[pic] Throughout the postwar negotiations, the three Western Powers consistently adhered to this objective. The Soviet Union, however, resorted to one ploy after another to prevent the conclusion of a treaty until it suddenly dropped its opposition in the spring of 1955. The first...
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...Germany under the Treaty Germany’s border is bleeding Alternative view of the Treaty * Compared to the treaties that Germany had imposed on Russia and Romania earlier in 1918, the Treaty of Versailles was quite moderate. * Niall Ferguson: the treaty was relatively lenient * The treaty of Versailles was quite moderate and lenient * The treaty in fact left Germany in a relatively strong position in the center of Europe Germany power and expansion * The huge reparations bill was not responsible for the economic crisis that Germany faced in the early 1920s * Treaty of St. Germain * Austria was nicknamed “the tadpole state” * Austria lost Bohemia and Moravia to Czechosloakia * Austria lost Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina to Yugoslavia * Poland gained Galicia * Italy received the South Tyrol, Trentino and Istria * Anschluss was forbidden and Austrian armed forces were reduced to 30,000 men Treaty of Trianon: * Hungary lost 75 percent of its prewar territory and 66...
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...A lot of events throughout the world led to the beginning of World War II. In many ways, World War II was a direct result of the turmoil left behind by World War I. The war began in September 1939 when Britain and France declared war on Germany following Germany's invasion of Poland. To fully understand how the war began we must take a look at the various causes. The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers. Because Germany had lost the war, the treaty was very harsh against Germany. In 1919, Lloyd George of England, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France and Woodrow Wilson from the US met to discuss how Germany was to be made to pay for the damage world war one had caused. Germany was forced to accept the responsibility of the war damages suffered by the Allies. The treaty required that Germany pay a huge sum of money called reparations. The German people were very unhappy about the treaty and thought that it was too harsh. Germany could not afford to pay the money and during the 1920s the people in Germany were very poor. There were not many jobs and the price of food and basic goods was high. The Germans were desperate for someone to turn around their economy and restore their national pride. Because were dissatisfied with the government, they voted to power a man who promised to rip up the Treaty of Versailles. His name was Adolf Hitler. In order to keep world peace, The League of Nations was formed. It was intended that all countries...
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... says fear It has no future says insight It is what it is says love It is ridiculous says pride It is foolish says caution It is impossible says experience It is what it is says love. Erich Fried (6 May 1921 – 22 November 1988) was an Austrian poet who settled in England, known for his political-minded poetry. He was also a broadcaster, translator and essayist. Born to Jewish parents Nelly and Hugo Fried in Vienna, he was a child actor and from an early age wrote strongly political essays and poetry. He fled with his mother to London after his father was murdered by the Gestapo after the Anschluss with Nazi Germany. During the war, he did casual work as a librarian and a factory hand. He joined Young Austria, a left-wing emigrant youth movement, but left in 1943 in protest at its dogmatism. In 1944 he married Maria Marburg, shortly before the birth of his son Hans. In the same year his first volume of poetry was published. He separated from Maria in 1946, and they divorced in 1952. In the same year he married Nan Spence Eichner, with whom he had two children; David (1958) and Katherine (1961). Erich and Nan divorced in 1965. In 1965 he got married for a third time to Catherine Boswell with whom he had...
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...African American singer and actor who became involved with the Civil Rights Movement. He became politically involved in response to the Spanish Civil War, Fascism, and social injustices. His advocacy of anti-imperialism, affiliation with Communism, and his criticism of the US government caused him to be blacklisted during McCarthyism. Furthermore, Native Land was labeled by the FBI as communist propaganda. Anschluss: the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.[2] This was in contrast with the Anschluss movement (Austria and Germany united as one country) which had been attempted since as early as 1918 when the Republic of German-Austria attempted union with Germany which was forbidden by the Treaty of Saint Germain and Treaty of Versailles peace treaties. Germany became a dictatorship in 1933, when Adolf Hitler became chancellor. Hitler openly defied the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, which stated that Germany was not to acquire new territory or build up its military. Hitler, originally from Austria, saw the opportunity to take over Austria as beneficial to his plan of a German Reich (empire). Appeasement: Appeasement, the policy of making concessions to the dictatorial powers in order to avoid conflict, governed Anglo-French foreign policy during the 1930s. It became indelibly associated with Conservative Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain The League of...
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...THE TWO WORLD WARS Objcctives Introduction Factors for tlie Wars 30.2.1 National Economics tlnd I'olitict~l Rivalry 30.2.2 Ihternationul Relations and I;ortn;~tionof C:imps Tlie Warring Nations in lllc World Wars Wars as the Wars of ldeologies 30.4.1 ldcologically deli~lcdArmed Camps of the Two Worid Wars 30.4.2 Political Spectrum of Eurclpc at the Outhrcak ol' the War Beginning of the Cold War Let Us Srlnl Up Key Words Ans~versto Check Your Progress Exercises 30.0 OBJECTIVES In this Unit you will learn about : changes introduced in intcrnalional relat!ons due to industrializaiion. continuities that came to be establislled between the two world wars as a single. unintcrrupted process, and the ideological factors that kcpt the groupings in the wars identical in both cases. 30.1 INTRODUCTION We have so far discussed the nature and conscquences of industrial capitalis~nand tlle consequent rise of nlodern politics. In the earlier Units. the growth of nation-states and thc nature of i~nperialist rivalries have also been discussed. We understand yo11 arc now bcttcr placed to see the two world wars as culmination of these diverse proccsses. Industrialization had signalled in fact the growth of new states that conlpeted with each other for global domination: and in the absence of riicclianis~iisfor peacefiil resolutions of internatiooa\ rivalries, armed conflicts on an al~llostglobal scale becanle incvit;ible. Since Europc had tdzological already been divided into...
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...China from China i. Textbook p. 712 ( Japan blew up their own railroad and blamed China) ii. Textbook p. 712 (The League of Nations failed to thoroughly investigate, and Japan got away with little chastisement) iii. Textbook p.712 ( China lost Manchuria, Japan admitted to blowing up their own railroad, and the countries went to war with each other) iv. Textbook p. 712 (Japan occupied ¼ of China) b. The League of Nations didn’t take much action when Italy expanded to Ethiopia i. Textbook p. 712 ( only placed economic sanctions on Italy) ii. Textbook p. 712 (Mussolini still declared Ethiopia a part of Italy) c. The League of Nations took no actions when Hitler annexed Austria. i. Textbook p. 716 ( German troops marched into Austria with no opposition) ii. Textbook p. 716 ( only protests were sent to Hitler) Hitler took many illegal actions that went against the treaty, and for this his actions were condemned and he was warned. a. Hitler broke the laws...
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...TALON D GRAY ADOLF HITLER MARCH 1, 2012 4th PERIOD Page 1 Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau am Inn, Austria, on April 20th 1889 to Alois Hitler. Alois died in 1903 but left money to take care of the family. Hitler was close to his mother, who was highly indulgent of Hitler, and he was deeply affected when she died in 1908. He left school at 16 in 1905, intending to become a painter. Hitler moved to Vienna in 1907 where he applied to the Viennese Academy of Fine arts, but was twice turned down. This experience further embittered the increasingly angry Hitler, and he remained in Vienna living off his small family inheritance and what he could make from selling his art, moving from hostel to hostel. During this period Hitler appears to have developed the world view that would characterize his whole life: a hatred for Jews and Marxists. Hitler was well placed to be influenced by the demagogy of Karl Lueger, Vienna’s deeply anti-Semitic mayor. Hitler moved to Munich in 1913 and avoided Austrian military service in early 1914 by virtue of being unfit. However, when the First World War broke out in 1914 he joined the 16th Bavarian Infantry Regiment, serving throughout the war. He proved to be an able and brave soldier as a dispatch runner, winning the Iron Cross on two occasions. He was also wounded twice, and four weeks before the war ended suffered a gas attack which temporarily blinded and put him in the hospital. He found out about Germany serenading which he...
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...stimulating, vital personality, violently anti-bourgeois and anti-Christian” person. He attended Oxford University and made a post-graduation in history in Vienna. After that, he became a political and diplomatic historian. In 1961 he published his most controversial book, The Origins of the Second World War, where he proposed a new and uncomfortable picture of Hitler – the Chancellor and Head of State of Germany between 1933 and 1945. Likewise, Origins seems to evidence numerous inconsistencies and contradictions in his own theories. In this essay, based on “Hitler’s Foreign Policy” chapter from the previously mentioned book, we will discuss the author’s opinion on the main character, regarding historical facts. Adolf Hitler was born in 1889 in Austria. When younger he was already considered as being a resentful, discontented and of unstable temperament child. He was deeply hostile towards his authoritarian father, and strongly attached to his mother. Later on, he went to Vienna where he acquired his first education in politics and that was when his brutal, violent side and his concerns with the ‘purity of blood’ started to arise. In 1919, Hitler joined a political party created and developed during the post-World War I era – the Nazi party. It was anti-Marxist and was opposed to the democratic post-war government (Weimar Republic) and the Treaty of Versailles; and it promoted extreme Nationalism as...
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