...Span of control is the term now used more commonly in business management, particularly human resource management. Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a supervisor has. In the hierarchical business organization of some time in the past it was not uncommon to see average spans of 1 to 4 or even less. That is, one manager supervised four employees on average. In the 1980s corporate leaders flattened many organizational structures causing average spans to move closer to 1 to 10. That was made possible primarily by the development of inexpensive information technology. As information technology was developed capable of easing many middle manager tasks – tasks like collecting, manipulating and presenting operational information – upper managers found they could hire fewer middle managers to do more work managing more subordinates for less money. The current shift to self-directed cross-functional teams and other forms of non-hierarchical structures, have made the concept of span of control less salient. Theories about the optimum span of control go back to V. A. Graicunas. In 1933 he used assumptions about mental capacity and attention span to develop a set of practical heuristics. Lyndall Urwick (1956) developed a theory based on geographical dispersion and the need for face to face meetings. In spite of numerous attempts since then, no convincing theories have been presented. This is because the optimum span of control depends on numerous variables including...
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...Portfolio In a modern day organization’s behavior, employees and suppliers have as much impact on the organization structure as customers and competitors have had in the past. Organizations are viewed as open systems, continually interacting with their environment and in dynamic state of temporary equilibrium as they adapt to environmental changes. Successful organizations are in constant state of flux in response to their environment, many companies are looking at media technologies as way to market their product and learn about their competitors. This presence could produce a large following depending on the interest in the content created and information shared. The change stemmed from the speed at which information travel in the media arena. In most cases, the information environment outside the organization is changing far more rapidly than the information environment internally. Customers, partners, prospects, and employees can find, access, and share information in a way that corporate infrastructure, security, culture, and policies inhibit. Organizations are having a difficult time responding to or taking advantage of – these new environments. The path of information regarding the organization is no longer just the role of the marketing department. Employees talk to customers, colleagues, and suppliers. They share their experiences, impressions and expectations regarding their jobs, the organization and management. The speed at which the information travels is beyond...
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...Lab 5 Nutrient Pollution – Answer Sheet The numbers in [brackets] indicate the corresponding question number in the lab notebook Exercise 2: P in the Water 18pts 1) [6.1] Fill in the data table below. (2pts) Input | Green Algae Population Size | Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) | 1x | | | 2x | | | 3x | | | 2) [6.2] In Microsoft Excel (I’ve provided an Excel spreadsheet, but you are welcome to use the spreadsheet application of your choice: Google Sheets, OpenOffice, etc.) plot a line graph of your green algae population size data to show how green algae relate to phosphorus input levels. Think about which is the dependent and which is the independent variable. Be sure to label your axes. Copy your completed graph into the space below. (3pts) 3) [6.3] Does the relationship between green algae population size and phosphorus level indicate that phosphorus was a limiting nutrient for green algae in the lake? Explain in 4-5 sentences. (4pts) 4) [6.4] In Microsoft Excel (or spreadsheet application of your choice: see above), plot a line graph that shows how oxygen relates to phosphorus input level. Think about which is the dependent and which is the independent variable. Be sure to label your axes. Copy your completed graph into the space below. (3pts) 5) [6.5] What is the relationship between dissolved oxygen and phosphorus in the lake? State in 1-2 sentences. (2pts) 6) [6.6] Based on your two graphs, what is the relationship between green...
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...Name: Date: TRUE/FALSE Directions: Answer each of the following by indicating if the statement is TRUE or FALSE 1. The word forensics refers to the application of scientific knowledge to legal questions. TRUE 2. A fact is a statement or assertion of information that can be verified. TRUE 3. What we perceive about a person depends in part on their mannerisms and gestures. TRUE 4. Good observation skills come naturally to investigators. They do not need to be trained. FALSE 5. The first task of forensic scientists is to find, examine, and evaluate evidence from a crime scene. TRUE 6. The Innocence Project is an organization that seeks to get convicted killers out of prison. SKIP 7. Our emotional state influences our ability to see and hear what is happening around us. TRUE 8. If we remember seeing something happen, we can trust that is happened just as we think it did. FALSE 9. Through our senses of sight, taste, hearing, smell, and touch, we gather every single moment about what is around us. TRUE 10. Most wrongful convictions seem to be the result of faulty eye-witness testimony. TRUE MULTIPLE CHOICE Directions: Answer the following questions with the choice that best answers the question 1. One of the important tools of the forensic investigator is the ability to: (a) a. Observe, interpret and report observation clearly b. Observer assumptions clearly. c. Report assumptions...
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...Review Questions 1. What are the problems of managing data resources in a traditional file environment and how are they solved by a database management system? List and describe each of the components in the data hierarchy. Figure 6–1 shows the data hierarchy. The data hierarchy includes bits, bytes, fields, records, files, and databases. Data are organized in a hierarchy that starts with the bit, which is represented by either a 0 (off) or a 1 (on). Bits can be grouped to form a byte to represent one character, number, or symbol. Bytes can be grouped to form a field, such as a name or date, and related fields can be grouped to form a record. Related records can be collected to form files, and related files can be organized into a database. Define and explain the significance of entities, attributes, and key fields. • Entity is a person, place, thing, or event on which information can be obtained. • Attribute is a piece of information describing a particular entity. • Key field is a field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that unique record so that it can be retrieved, updated, or sorted. For example, a person’s name cannot be a key because there can be another person with the same name, whereas a social security number is unique. Also a product name may not be unique but a product number can be designed to be unique. List and describe the problems of the traditional file environment. Problems with the traditional file environment include...
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...What is a Keypad? A keypad is a set of buttons or keys bearing digits, symbols and/or alphabetical letters placed in order on a pad, which can be used as an efficient input device. A keypad may be purely numeric, as that found on a calculator or a digital door lock, or alphanumeric as those used on cellular phones. Explanation for Keypad Aside from the row of number keys found on the upper portion of a computer keyboard, a separate numerical pad is also located on the right side for efficient data entry. For more compact computers such as laptops and notebooks, external plug-in keypads may be purchased separately. Phone keypads are typically alphanumeric, allowing the user to enter names and text messages. They also provide an easier way of remembering phone numbers. For instance, 1-800-DELIVER is a way of marketing a food chain delivery service, but it's easier to remember than the actual number customers would call (1-800-335-4837). How many I/0 interface pins between keypad (4x4) and PIC18f4520? A standard Microcontroller Keypad (4x4) has a 8 I/0 interface pins. In the example below, RB0 to R07 is connected to the 8 I/O pins of the Keypad (4x4) The standard PIC18f4520 Microcontroller has 36 I/O pins that are grouped into 5 ports respectively. Due to this, It should require 8 pins to connect the 4x4 Keypad to make it work. How to detect if the key is pressed? E.g. Of flowchart when things are input. When a key depression has been detected...
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...Student ID Card in the exam hall. Course Date Time Duration Type of Exam Comments OMR PartYou should write with pencil to answer OMR part of exam Answers to the multiple choice questions to be marked in the separate bubble sheet provided, which would be scored by an OMR scanner • PFMG 31/10/14 0900 hrs-1100 hrs 2 hrs • • • • Closed book, Closed notes Laptops not allowed Calculators are allowed One A4 size page One sided, handwritten or printed cheat sheet is allowed • • • Descriptive PartYou should write with pen to answer descriptive part of exam Answers to be written in the question booklet provided Rough sheets will not be provided PMGT 31/10/14 1400 - 1600 hrs 2 hrs • • • • Closed book, Closed notes Laptops not allowed Calculators are allowed Cheat Sheet not allowed (formula sheet will be provided along with the exam) • • • You should write with pen only Answers to be written in the question booklet provided Space for rough work will be provided in the question booklet. (Additional rough sheets are provided on request). CCMA 01/11/14 0900 hrs-1200 hrs 3 hrs • • • • Closed book, Closed notes Laptops not allowed Calculators (Non –Programmable) are allowed One A4 size page two sided, handwritten or printed cheat sheet is allowed • • • You should write with pen only Answers to be written in the question booklet provided Rough sheets will not be provided (expected to show all workings in question booklet) • • • • OPFR 02/11/14 0900 hrs-1130 hrs 2.5 hrs...
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...Instructions: 1. The following pages have answer areas for the chapter quizzes and selected matching exercises from the chapters for this workshop. 2. You will need to use your textbook to find the actual quiz and matching exercises. 3. Note that the answer to the quizzes are shown at the end of the chapter under “AIS Action Solutions”. Check your answers for the chapter quizzes before you upload the completed document. 4. Your instructor will evaluate your submitted work and determine the points you will earn for this activity. Chapter 15 quiz Question No. | Answer | 1. | B | 2. | B | 3. | D | 4. | D | 5. | D | 6. | B | 7. | C | 8. | A | 9. | B | 10. | C | Problem 15.1 Match the terms in the left column with the appropriate definition from the right column. Ignore d and f. Term | Definition letter | 1. Payroll service bureau | E | 2. Payroll clearing account | H | 3. Earnings statement | G | 4. Payroll register | A | 5. Time card | C | 6. Time sheet | B | b b Chapter 16 quiz Question No. | Answer | 1. | B | 2. | B | 3. | C | 4. | B | 5. | D | 6. | C | 7. | A | 8. | A | 9. | B | 10. | C | Problem 16.1 Match the term in the left column with its appropriate definition from the right column: Terms | Definition letter | 1. journal voucher file | D | 2. instance document | K | 3. XBRL element | A | 4. Balanced Scorecard | F | 5. XBRL extension taxonomy | L | 6....
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...For the remaining questions in this assignment, base your answers on the following information for Joe’s Fly-By-Night Oil Company, whose latest income statement and balance sheet are shown below. Stock price on Dec 31, 2012…$50.00 Number of common shares outstanding on Dec 31, 2013...1,000 11. What was Joe’s average or effective tax rate in 2013? 12. What was Joe’s NOPAT in 2013? 13. What was Joe’s Free Cash Flow (FCF) in 2013? 14. Suppose you were an investor and you were considering whether to buy a corporate bond from Joe’s Corporation or a Municipal Bond from the city of St. Louis. Joe’s corporate bond has a yield of 8%. The St Louis city bond has a yield of 6%. The income from Joe’s bond is taxable. The income from the St Louis city bond is tax-free. If your effective tax rate is 20%, which bond would give you the higher after-tax yield? 15. What was Joe’s Net Worth at the end of 2013? 16. Why is the market value of a firm’s stock almost always higher than the book value of the firm’s stock as shown on the balance sheet? Chapter 3: 17. a. Calculate Joe’s ROE for 2013. b Construct a Du Pont equation (use the extended, or modified version shown in the Week 1, chapters 2 & 3 lesson notes) and comment on the sources of Joe’s ROE as revealed by the equation. End of Assignment Questions Notes: - Assignments that are submitted after the deadline will be assessed a late penalty unless it has been cleared with your...
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...Questionnaire design This Advice Sheet introduces you to the some of the basics of designing a good questionnaire. Many research projects and dissertations demand the collection of primary data from individuals. Questionnaires are often the best way of gathering such information and views. However, a badly designed questionnaire may get only unusable responses or none at all. This Advice Sheet offers guidance on avoiding the pitfalls, and ensuring a successful result. What do you want to know? 1 Maximise success …. 1 Who to ask …. 1 Clear instructions …. 2 Questions …. 2 Order & layout …. 3 Email vs Print .... 3 Piloting …. 4 Further reading …. 4 What do you want to know? Before you even write the first question, it is important that you have a very clear idea about what you want your questionnaire to achieve. Write down your research goals, and think about what information you need to elicit from respondents to meet those goals. Think also about how you are going to analyse each question to get the results you need. Remember there is a difference between things you need to know, and those it would be nice to know. Eliminate unnecessary lines of questioning at the planning stage. Maximise your chances of success The aim of questionnaire design is to a) get as many responses as you can that are b) usable and accurate. To maximise your response rate: • Give your questionnaire a short and meaningful title • Keep the questionnaire as short and succinct as possible • Offer...
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...Interview Questions & Answers You Need to Know A Production http://breakingintowallstreet.com http://www.mergersandinquisitions.com Copyright 2010 Capital Capable Media LLC. All Rights Reserved. Notice of Rights No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. http://breakingintowallstreet.com http://www.mergersandinquisitions.com 2 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................. 4 Fit / Qualitative Questions ........................................................................................... 6 Analytical / Attention to Detail Questions & Suggested Answers ....................... 7 Background / Personal Questions & Suggested Answers ................................... 10 “Career Changer” Questions & Suggested Answers .......................................... 14 Commitment Questions & Suggested Answers................................................... 17 Culture Questions & Suggested Answers ............................................................ 20 “Future” Questions & Suggested Answers .......................................................... 23 Strengths / Weaknesses Questions & Suggested Answers ................................. 25 Team / Leadership Questions & Suggested Answers ......................
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...Chapter 1 HW Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) ________ analyzes the business situation and identify the need for information and information services to meet the problems or opportunities of the business. 1) ___A. database analysis____ A) Database analysts B) Users C) Systems analysts D) Programmers TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 2) Database development projects are never done in a bottom-up fashion. 2) __False_ 3) A well-structured database establishes the entities between relationships in order to derive the desired information. 3) _False_ ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. 4) Provide a brief overview of the various components of the database environment. TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 5) Database processing programs are coded and tested during the design stage of the systems development life cycle. 5) __F__ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 6) Organizing the database in computer disk storage is done in the ________ phase. 6) _Design__ A) analysis B) design C) implementation D) maintenance 7) A workgroup database is stored on a central device called a(n): 7) __c. server_____ A) client. B) network. C) server. D) remote PC...
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...important like different kinds of review like: Daily review. It includes short preclass and postclass review of lecture notes and also textbooks. Do weekly reviews. It includes reviewing at least 1 hour per subject once a week. Do major review. It helps when conducted the week before finals or other critical exams. Schedule reviews. Schedule specific times in your calendar for review. Take a practice test. Take a practice test before the actual test. Get copies of Old exams. Old test can help to review stratify. During The Test Prepare self for test by arriving early. Used scratch paper to make quick note in the margins of test sheet. Read direction slowly and answer the easiest, shortest question first. Follow your time and plan your time. Read the entire question, read all possible answer and eliminate incorrect answer. Find out what is asking and make outline on essay writing question, make a point and write legibly. After The Test After the tests take a few minute to write discovery statement related to your experience of taking test. Describe how effective your review strategies were. Do differently to prepare for the next test. When test is returned look the test items that you missed. Carefully analyze the source of errors and find a solution. 2) Test score measure your accomplishment in a course is false because test score is measure what student scored on test. If you anxious about a test and blank out, the grade cannot measure what you have learned...
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...BUS 100: INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS CASE STUDY (In lieu of a final exam) A. Choose a big business to study. Choose one whose stock you would buy if you had the money today. It must be a BIG, well-known business, e.g. IBM, AT&T. B. List your business on the sign-up sheet. Be sure no one else has chosen that business. If they have, please select another. C. Find the company’’s web site on the Internet. Print a few pages. D. Find three recent magazine or newspaper articles about the challenges that the company faces. Choose REAL MAGAZINES, such as Business Week, Fortune, Money, Time, Newsweek, etc.---NOT ONLINE magazines. You MAY use the online version of the paper magazines. Make a photocopy of the articles. It’’s O.K. to give me your copy with your notes on it. E. Answer the questions below. Type the questions and answer them fully in multiple paragraphs below the question. One or two sentences or paragraphs won’’t do. You probably should be able to write at least a page or more to answer each question. USE YOUR OWN WORDS -- NO QUOTES! This also means that you cannot copy words from somewhere else and call them your own——even from the Internet. Copying someone else’’s words without giving them credit is against the law. 1. What is the company’’s product or service? Explain in detail. 2. Give a history of the business, including how and when it started, its triumphs, its defeats, and its charities. 3. What topics does the Web site cover? Why do you think...
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...religion or at least to be away from the exam anxiety. I used to speak ‘Navkar Mantra’ which is the most powerful mantra for the Jains. 4. When the test papers are being distributed maintain cool and calm position without getting nervous or anxious. 5. Read all instructions of the test paper carefully before starting any answer. 6. Read entire question paper before starting any answer. While you read the questions also judge the question paper in terms of length, difficulty level, type of questions etc. 7. While reading all questions analyse the type of test paper in terms of essay type questions, short-notes, fill in the blanks, true-false, multiple choice questions, reading comprehension, charts etc. 8. Pay attention to the total number of questions and the amount of time which will be required to complete the same. 9. Read directions for all questions and understand what are the optional questions, if any. One of the biggest causes of loss of marks is not reading instructions or not interpreting the instructions correctly. Pay special attention to words like ‘and’, ‘or’ etc. to understand the options. Many students have wrong habit of staring the answers without complete reading of question paper. 10. If your supervisor...
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