...Microbiology Exam II Fall 2001 Name: _____________________________________________ Multiple Choice: Circle the most correct answer for each of the following questions. (2 points each) 1. In a DNA molecule, which base would you expect to find paired with cytosine? a. guanine b. uracil c. adenine d. thymine e. cytosine 2. DNA serves as the template to initiate protein synthesis. What is directly formed from this template? a. protein b. mRNA c. tRNA d. ATP e. Amino acids 3. What does ligase do during replication of DNA? a. Makes copies of mRNA from DNA b. Removes damaged sections of DNA c. Joins together mRNA d. Joins together DNA segments e. Digests mRNA when it is no longer needed 4. Which is mismatched? a. Replication = formation of 2 identical DNA molecules b. Transcription = mRNA synthesized from a DNA template c. Translation = tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosomes based on mRNA codons d. Nonsense codons = terminator codons e. Anticodon = sequence of 3 nitrogenous bases on the gene 5. A red pigment produced by a bacterial species is an example of a(n)? a. Phenotype b. Genotype c. Operon d. Promoter e. Inducible enzyme 6. Which of the following best describes a plasmid? a. A gene within the...
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...and symptoms. It provides a review of multiple research studies and offers recommendations for practice. Its main finding is that watchful waiting is preferable to prescription of antibiotics in treatment of children with uncomplicated AOM. Block, S. (1997). Causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 16(4)449-56. This is a unfiltered source. It is an appropriate source for nursing practice because it gives in depth overview of pathology on pathogens that are associated with AOM and the medications used in treatment. On the other hand, it does not address watchful waiting as a mode of treatment; instead it recommends other antibiotics to combat penicillin-resistant organisms. This article is an evidence summary. Kelley, P., Friedman, N., Johnson, C. (2007). Ear, nose and throat. In W. Hay, M. Levin, J. Sondheimer, & R. Deterding (Eds.), Current pediatric diafnosis and treatment. (18th ed., pp. 459-92). New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill. This is unfiltered general information source. This resource is may be not appropriate for clinician use due to being a broad information source on different issues and challenges surrounding AOM. The authors do not address some key factors such as antibiotic resistance and the paper does not guide the clinician in proper...
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...Antimicrobial Resistant Infections An antimicrobial resistant infection has been around for quite some time now and it has become one of the most challenging eras of the 21st century. A mixture of antibiotics and other similar drugs have been used as antimicrobial agents to treat people with infectious diseases. In their time, they worked fascinating. These drugs helped reduce illnesses and deaths caused by diseases. However, the extensive use of these drugs has become abroad that unfortunately, the infectious microbes that the antibiotic must target have become adapted to them, making them resistant to the drug. Therefore, antimicrobial resistant infections have risen drastically throughout the years around the world. The reason for this...
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...]. It can also spread to a woman’s uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, and pelvic pain. If a baby is born to an infected mother, it may contract eye and respiratory infections during childbirth [ (Toro, 2008) ]. Chlamydia is most common among young, sexually active persons aged 14-24. This is nearly three times the prevalence of persons aged 25-39. Chlamydia is 6.2 times more prevalent amongst non-Hispanic black than non-Hispanic whites [ (Chlamydia-CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed), 2014) ]. Anyone who is sexually active can contract Chlamydia. Chlamydia is transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. A person can contract Chlamydia through a male partner, even if ejaculation does not occur. That is why it is always important to wear contraceptive protection during sexual intercourse....
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...one. However, it was brought to the attention of Dr. Mark Merchant, of McNeese State University, that crocodiles, as well as other reptiles, heal with a great deal of quickness. He wondered how they could fight with such aggression and remain healthy. They fight to the points, sometimes, that they rip off limbs and expose bone and muscle. Then they swim off, into mucky, filthy water and yet they still do not get any kind of major infection. Humans exposed to the same type of battles and the same disgusting water they would have a devastating outcome, possibly death. This gave him and others ideas to check into their blood to see if they had something humans lacked. In 1998, Dr. Merchant found that American Alligators have a powerful antibiotic in their blood. Dr. Merchant demonstrated the “unscientific” evidence suggesting that reptile are resistant to bacterial infection. He identified reasons these creatures were immune to infection. Like humans, they have a natural defense system against invading bacteria, viruses, and fungi, which involves a group of proteins called the complement system. So Dr. Merchant tested his theory by exposing the alligator blood to pathogens such as HIV, West Nile Virus, and E Coli. His results- it started to kill the bacteria. As it turned out the alligator complement system is much more effective than that of humans. The problem: no possibility of isolating the crocodile or alligator cell(s) that could be given to...
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...would probably answer with the same response. The thing is that do you really know what animal cruelty is? Animal cruelty is not only physical abuse that animals receive but also on many other factors. This type of animal cruelty mostly occurs on industrial farms. You’re also probably wondering what an industrial farm is. Well let’s just say that it’s a bad thing. A traditional farm is a farm where they raise livestock the original way. What I mean by the original way is that the animals have freedom. Animals have the ability to roam around in big spaces and live how they want with human maintenance. With this freedom, they can grow up to be healthy. An industrial farm is the opposite farm. The purpose of an industrial farm is to raise livestock and then ship them out to be slaughtered. Animals here have no freedom and no right. Animals are made to live under very harsh conditions. The living conditions are very poor. They are forced to live in a small environment with the same kind of animals. It’s so small and crowded that animals could barely move. With so many animals living in a small area, they all live in their own manure. There is maintenance in the farm but sometimes animals just live in such a long period of time in their own manure. This causes many effects but I will explain them later. Animal are fed regularly or even more on an industrial farm. The reason why is because they want their livestock to be bigger than usual. They are also given antibiotics to grow much...
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...controversy. One that is particularly interesting is the ongoing conflict between the world of science and some segments of religious society. This essay will refer to the debate between evolution and creationism which has ranged through the course of human history, but intensified as the science and evolving proofs of evolution are generated. Evolution has proved that Creationist beliefs and their denial defy logic, science and reality. One of the most common questions that humanity tends to ask itself is where we came from and how we came to be. It is inherent to every human being to ask himself about their origin and purpose of their existence. Humanity’s first attempt to answer these questions was religion (Christianity, Judaism, Islamic); however science has introduced an alternative to religion’s so called answer, evolution. The current argument began with an English naturalist by the name of Charles Darwin. Darwin was the first to propose the theory of evolution, which states that mankind, through genetic mutation and natural selection, evolved from a common ancestor over a prolonged period based on natural selection processes. This theory directly defied religious beliefs at the time; more specifically those of the Catholic church which believes in creationism, or in a more general sense intelligent design. Creationism is essentially a belief that existence was created by omnipotent beings, for example the Christian god Yahweh. This clash between religion and science brought...
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...in fact, inventions are very useful things. People are inventing new things all the time - unfortunately, the vast majority of inventions tend to be utterly useless; but every now and then someone comes up with something that completely changes the world and it is these few ideas that this hub is about. Now, there are, undoubtedly many equally great inventions as those on this list, but unfortunately it's had to be cut down to just 10. Things such as language have been omitted from this list for, while they are, indeed, quite useful, they were more developed out of necessity than invented; the same applies to fire - it has always been present on this earth, all we did was work out how to create it on a whim! So what are they? Read on.... 10 - The Wheel: I know what you're thinking: "what, those round things?" well, the short answer is "yes", the long answer: "yes it is". Point is, the wheel is the simplest invention in the universe - you need only scoop up a handful of mud, pat it into a circle and leave it in the sun to dry! So what's so great about it? Well, almost every land vehicle in existence uses wheels as do many many other things like anything with a belt drive (car engines, conveyor belts etc.) In fact, life would be pretty hard without it - but not impossible. The Incas and Aztecs, for example, despite coming up with fully working calendars and a vast knowledge of astronomy, didn't use wheels whatsoever - or at least, not for anything other than children's toys. Some...
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...have not been published, the number of reported infections has decreased since implementing this bundle. As a result, the institution continues to practice according to the project’s recommendations to help reduce postoperative surgical infections and lower health care costs. The focus of the study was to create a bundle that would help decrease surgical site infection rates related to cesarean deliveries. The guidelines outlined within the bundle address treatment suggestions for patients on preadmission and on the day of surgery. Being a Magnet hospital, all practices of the project are guided by evidence based research. There were several topics incorporated into the bundle such as skin prep, skin closure options, and prophylaxis antibiotics. The facility uses a system called VIPER to track infections and this data is reported to the Centers for Disease Control. The Quality Control Consultant of Women’s Health gathered together various members of the healthcare team to participate in the project. As a group, the committee worked together to help problem solve and create a plan to improve the infection scores. It was essential that all areas of the department were represented such as physicians, nurses, surgical techs, environmental services, pharmacy, and equipment supply personnel. A briefing was presented during the first meeting explaining the current data on our infection rates and defining the purpose of the project. An outline was proposed and a timeframe for the completion...
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...almost a week now that his eyes are closed. Their diet consisted mainly of pellets other than live guppies, small snails, cuttle fish bone, prawns. Now im feeding him only (well cleaned) prawns. I mostly use well water for them. The water temp is usually 27-30C here. There arent any signs of coughing or sneezing. I've gone through a lot of sites. Plz Advice. Plz reply by the earliest. Me & my turtle would be very thankfull to you. Awaiting your reply. Thank you ANSWER: Swollen eyes in a RES is usually a sign of an infection. It is always best to seek a vet's help with infections, but the basic home care would be to... 1. Offer clean, warm water (in the range you are is OK, but maybe a little warmer) with as little stress as possible. 2. Try to relieve the eyes with eye drops, either commercial turtle eye drops, human eye drops, or a vitamin A oil dripped in the eyes. Apply to lubricate and cleanse daily. Keep the turtle out of the tank for about an hour. 3. Try to fight the infection with ONE good antibiotic treatment, either a turtle sulfa dip, or a fish medicine like 'stress coat'. Most fish...
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...HS140 Week 9 Final Project Name: Please answer the following case study questions using the knowledge gained in this course. Remember to cite your references in APA format. Answer the questions in complete sentences and spell-check your assignment. Each question is worth 4 points. Case 1 A patient calls the physician’s office because she is concerned that her prescription medication looks different from what she normally takes. She mentions that her co-pay was lower too. 1. What are some initial questions you should ask the patient to gather information the physician might need? 2. Critically evaluating the situation, what are three possible explanations of the difference in appearance and cost of the medication? 3. The patient describes the tablet’s appearance and the markings on it. If the physician were to ask your assistance in identifying the medication (which you would present to him/ her for verification) what are three possible sources to determine the identity of the medication? Case 2 A patient visits the clinic and it is determined he has a sinus infection as well as a seasonal allergies. The patient’s chart indicates an allergy to penicillin and lists current medications as atenolol. He is given a prescription for Augmentin. 1. Explain whether Augmentin is a reasonable antibiotic choice in this patient. 2. The patient is also given another medication to help with the itching of seasonal allergies. The instructions are to take...
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...Type of (American Academy of Pediatrics; American Academy of Family Physicians, 2004) or inappropriate Filtered Appropriate: This article establishes diagnosis and management guidelines for the treatment of AOM. Additionally, the authors make recommendations regarding treatment options for the symptoms of AOM and address the concept of watchful waiting as opposed to immediate antibiotic therapy. Recommendations are provided for clinical practice and were created using a systematic review of clinical research, making it an appropriate source for nursing practice. Research Evidence based guideline (Block, 1997) Unfiltered Appropriate: Primary research This article contains evidence up to date research...
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...2012, 1) This makes it seem as a negative bacteria. But this same “harmful” bacteria can help us regulate our diet and our senses that tell the brain when we are or aren't full. Also, children that have this bacteria in them have less chances of asthma or chronic diseases. Antibiotics should be used less when dealing with bacteria that could benefit us. Antibiotics are always used when trying to kill anything bad in our system but they are not always the answer to fixing our problem of chronic diseases and such. We should instead try to save these bacteria and use them for our benefit. Also, in order for infants to obtain all these good bacteria, vaginal birth is very important. We want to try and keep our children colonized with good bacteria that only a mother could naturally give them. Hello, everyone my name is John Valenzuela, thank you all for having me here. I am a microbiologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. I’ll like to speak to you all about certain bacterias that I think should be kept amongst us in our bodies. When we are sick we automatically think that taking a course of antibiotics is the best way to cure ourselves. I do agree with this but I also think we should not use antibiotics for kill every bacteria we seem to find in our bodies. We have a bacteria within us called Helicobacter pylori which negatively is the cause for stomach ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer as well. “Helicobacter was a cause of cancer and of ulcers, It was bad for us....
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...HS140 Week 9 Final Project Name: Please answer the following case study questions using the knowledge gained in this course. Remember to cite your references in APA format. Answer the questions in complete sentences and spell-check your Assignment. Each question is worth 4 points. Case 1 A patient calls the physician’s office because she is concerned that her prescription medication looks different from what she normally takes. She mentions that her co-pay was lower too. 1. What are some initial questions you should ask the patient to gather information the physician might need? 2. Critically evaluating the situation, what are three possible explanations of the difference in appearance and cost of the medication? 3. The patient describes the tablet’s appearance and the markings on it. If the physician were to ask your assistance in identifying the medication (which you would present to him/her for verification) what are three possible sources to determine the identity of the medication? Case 2 A patient visits the clinic and it is determined he has a sinus infection as well as a seasonal allergies. The patient’s chart indicates an allergy to penicillin and lists current medications as atenolol. He is given a prescription for Augmentin. 1. Explain whether Augmentin is a reasonable antibiotic choice in this patient. 2. The patient is also given another medication to help with the itching of seasonal allergies. The instructions are to take...
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...Why Do People Eat Spicy Food Mohammad Aljada English 123 Spices; they come in a host of flavors, used in a variety of ways, and can be found in just about everything we eat. Whether it is the hot chili peppers or the ground substance we use to flavor our dishes, their use has become synonymous with the food signature of cultures around the world. Though the words hot and spicy are often used interchangeably, they may not always refer to the same thing. Wherein spice is a general term that pertain to any dried seed, fruit, root, bark, or vegetable substance and is primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food (Wikipedia, 2014). Heat, on the other hand, is a more specific term associated with the pepper variety and other fruits that contain the active ingredient capsaicin, which is measured in Scoville Heat Units (SHU), also known as the Scoville scale (eatmorechiles, 2014). But why do people eat hot spicy foods? Whether they enjoy a little zing or crave the full burning sensation whenever they indulge in a hot dish; the answer may lie in several cultural and biological reasons. Cultures around the world have long valued food as part of their heritage. They incorporated spices to mark their flavor, resembling the cultural diversity, and even corresponding to the type environment where it has originated to some extent. We also take a look at some of the health benefits associated with eating spicy foods. Some research indicates that eating spicy foods...
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