...experienced some sort of anxiety feeling before an important event, such as an important exam, going on the 1st date, going on the roller coaster for the 1st time, and etc. during their lifetime. When this anxiety start to be an overwhelming thought in a person’s mind and causes nightmares, fears, and panic attacks, it becomes an illness, called anxiety disorder. It is the fear, apprehension, and often the expectation of unspecified danger. It is considered a normal natural response used everyday to figure out whether a situation is dangerous or not. How to differentiate a normal anxiety form an abnormal disorder: The intensity of the anxiety; whether or not the anxiety matches the circumstance. The length of the anxiety is inappropriate to what is causing the anxiety. Adequately respond to make a decision in what to do in that our body has alarm us to some danger. Anxiety is a total normal thing and is experienced daily. But when you have consistent anxiety you should start to worry. Anxiety is a reaction to stressful situations that helps rather than hinders daily functions. If we didn’t have anxiety we wouldn’t be motivated to do certain things in life that could be a good accomplishment or help us out. Anxiety Disorder is defined as the occurrence of anxiety without obvious external cause, intruding on daily functioning. Now I will discuss Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is the experience of long-term anxiety with no explanation. Symptoms...
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...percent of teenagers in the United States endure some kind of anxiety disorder some time in their life? According to the New York Times, over the last decade, anxiety has overtaken depression as the most common reason students pursue counseling services. Also, the number of hospital admissions for suicidal teenagers has doubled, with the highest rates occurring soon after they return to school each fall. With the numerous challenges students already encounter because of pressure from school, athletics, and social interaction, anxiety disorders can create even more unnecessary stress. Fears: As you can see, more and more students around the United States are experiencing anxiety in the school environment....
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...In a society that pressures individuals to look like stars on magazine covers, graduate college with high GPA’s, and make enough money to live a lifestyle most of us will only see in movies and TV shows, 19.2 million people will suffer from social anxiety disorders. Sure, not all cases of shyness or anxiety are caused from these factors, but I believe they’re certainly adding to the numbers. As we evaluate a phobia which generates $42 billion a year, it begs the question “Are we a society of anxiety?” (Healthyplace) In order to answer the question, first we must understand the differences between shyness and social anxiety/phobia. Shyness is defined as being reserved or having/showing nervousness. Others sources define shyness as a feeling of guilt apprehension, or lack of confidence experienced in regard to social association with others. (WebMD) Due to every human being different, shyness triggers may apply to some people and not others. It is estimated that ninety percent of the American population will experience some sort of shyness. However, forty percent of the population will experience shyness that presents a serious problem in their lives. (ADAA) Some of the situations that may trigger shyness include eating, drinking, writing, or working in front of others, being the center of attention, interacting with people, including dating or going to parties, using public toilets, being introduced to other people, being teased or criticized, meeting people in authority, and...
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...Psychiatric disorders, diseases, and drugs Psychological disorders and diseases are common among people throughout the world as well as it being a common situation people also have to suffer or deal with the consequences. Psychological disorders are disorders that can be consider malfunctions of the brain that interrupt or interfere with their daily living. Many people have suffered with different disorders and diseases such as schizophrenia, depression, mania, anxiety disorder and Tourette syndrome. There are some treatments of psychological disorders that range from cognitive or behavioral therapy to medication treatment. Research has shown that some psychological disorders can be passed down from generation to future generations. Through research it has been proven that mental disorders can often be related to violence or higher rates of aggression. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that makes it difficult to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences, to think logically, to have normal emotional responses and to behave normally in social situations. Commonly associated with the concept of madness, schizophrenia attacks about 1% of people of all races and cultural groups that typically begins in the adolescence stages of life or early adulthood (Pinel, 2009). When being diagnosed with schizophrenia, psychiatrists are guided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) which is produced by the American Psychiatric Association...
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...1 Serotonin Christian Johnson Johnson2 Serotonin Serotonin is a chemical found in the body of humans, animals and plants, throughout the body that carries signals along and between nerve cells. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is believed to promote a feeling of happiness and help treat depression. Many medications are used to increase the amount of serotonin to help battle depression and anxiety. Serotonin can be found in many parts of body, having different functions in each area, Serotonin plays a crucial role wherever it is found. The chemical serotonin doesn’t have just one function because it is synthesized in throughout the body including, the brain, gut and placenta. Serotonin is widely recognized for the role it plays in affiliation with a person’s mood, this function takes place in the brain. Happiness, anxiety and depression are due to the serotonin levels in the brain. Serotonin’s functions are not just limited to the brain, it also affects bone density. High levels of serotonin in bones can lead to an increase in osteoporosis. In the arteries, sertononin is a vasoconstrictor, which is a substance that causes the muscle in the blood vessels to contract. As previously stated, Serotonin is synthesized in many parts of the body. In each area this chemical is synthesized, it has a different function. Serotonin is synthesized from an amino acid called tryptophan. Over 95 percent of the body’s serotonin is synthesized in the gut. “Serotonin from the gut keeps...
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...Diagnostic Testing 1. Beck Anxiety Inventory 3 Description: 4 Rationale: 4 Personnel, Training, Administration, and Scoring Requirements: 5 Population Used to Develop Measure 5 What Are The Symptoms Of An Anxiety Attack? 5 The Beck Anxiety Inventory of the 21 most common symptoms: 5 Scoring: 6 Interpretation of score 6 Psychometric Properties: 7 Reliability: 7 Validity 7 Advantages: 8 Disadvantages: 9 Suggested Uses: 9 Beck Anxiety Inventory used in Pakistani Settings 10 2. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) 11 Rating: 11 Purpose 11 Use in the field 12 Scale 12 Scoring 12 Criteria for interpretation 12 Versions 12 Psychometric Properties 13 Applied in different researches 14 3. Hamilton Depression Scale 15 Description/Purpose 15 Use in the field 15 Scale 16 Criteria for interpretation 16 Psychometric properties 16 Applied in different researches 18 Correlations among Depression Rating Scales and A Self-Rating Anxiety Scale In Depressive Outpatients 18 Limitations 19 4. Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition 19 Rationale: 20 What’s New in ABAS–II 20 ABAS–II Rating Forms 21 Scores Reported 22 Sample Items: 22 Psychometric Properties: 23 Standardization 23 Validity 25 Advantages of Using ABAS–II 25 Adaptive behaviour assessment system in Pakistan: 26 5. Symptom Assessment-45 26 Purpose: 26 Description: 26 SA-45 Scales: 27 Psychometric properties: 28 Reliability and Validity:...
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...All individuals in our society are not the same whether it be our race, culture, ethnicity or religion. However besides our backgrounds, there’s something eternally deeper that makes individuals different, and that is Mental Illness. Social Work in Mental Illness is a serious issue throughout the United States. Many suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder and face consequences in families, individuals, and society. The world’s main issue is that many people are not seeking treatment for it. There are several resources and services for individuals with mental illness such as the development of new medications, treatments, and community-based services. Back in the day, people diagnosed biologically with a mental illness didn’t have sufficient...
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...Definitions of Abnormality Defining a person or behaviour as ‘abnormal’ implies something undesirable and requiring change Therefore, we must be careful how we use the term Psychologists need methods for distinguishing ‘normal’ from ‘abnormal’ Our definition of abnormality must be objective: * It must not depend on anyone’s opinion or point of view * It should produce the same results whoever applies it It must not be under or over-inclusive * It must not label as ‘abnormal’ or ‘normal’ behaviours or traits that aren’t Three definitions are used to define abnormality: * Deviation from social norms * Failure to function adequately * Deviation from ideal mental health Deviation from social norms Under this definition, a person’s thinking or behaviour is classified as abnormal if it violates the (unwritten) rules about what is expected or acceptable behaviour in a particular social group. Their behaviour may: * Be incomprehensible to others * Make others feel threatened or uncomfortable With this definition, it is necessary to consider: * The degree to which a norm is violated, the importance of that norm and the value attached by the social group to different sorts of violation. * E.g. is the violation rude, eccentric, abnormal or criminal? Abnormality is defined in terms of behavior which goes against societies accepted standards Different societies have different standards Standards change over time Strengths Should be easy...
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...Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes in the Mexican Population ´ ´ ´ ´ Carlos Tovilla-Zarate1,5*, Isela Juarez-Rojop2, Yesenia Peralta Jimenez1, Marıa Antonia Jimenez1, 1 1 1 3 ´ ´ ´ ˜ ´ Silvia Vazquez , Deysi Bermudez-Ocana , Teresa Ramon-Frıas , Alma D. Genis Mendoza , Sherezada ´ ´ ´ Pool Garcıa4, Lilia Lopez Narvaez5 ´ ´ ´ ´mica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Me ´xico, 2 Universidad Juarez Autonoma de ´ ´ 1 Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Division Acade ´ ´ ´xico, 3 Servicios de Atencion Psiquia ´ ´trica, Secretarıa de Salud. Me ´xico D. F., Me ´xico, ´ Tabasco, Division Academica de Ciencias de la Salud, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Me ´xico, 5 Centro de Investigacion Genomica, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico ´ ´ ´ ´ 4 Hospital General de Comalcalco, Tabasco. Secretarıa de Salud, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Me Abstract Background: Depression and anxiety are common in diabetic patients; however, in recent years the frequency of these symptoms has markedly increased worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the frequency and factors associated with depression and anxiety, since they can be responsible for premature morbidity, mortality, risk of developing comorbidities, complications, suffering of patients, as well as escalation of costs. We studied the frequency of depression and anxiety in Mexican outpatients with type 2 diabetes and identified the risk factors for depression and anxiety. Methods and Findings:...
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...be caused by a couple of reasons, but for most part it is caused by work or business obligation. While most people who are currently experiencing the reason for the difficulty of this situation they also realize that this is also necessary for their family to maintain status, quality of life and stability. Even so it can take its toll for all the people involved depending on the situation. The three effects that distance can cause on a relationship are stress, separation anxiety, and depression. When loved one leaves for a long period of time it can become very stressful for both parties. It is an interruption in their normal routine and will have to adjust to this change for the time being...
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...WORKOUT: A HEALTHY OPTION FOR TREATING DEPRESSION _____ A Research Paper Presented to Mrs. Susana D. Dado St. Joseph College Olongapo City _____ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in ENGLISH IV _____ by : Daniel O. Mirabueno 4 – Charity (SSC) March 8, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Statement of the Problem 5 B. Significance of the Study 5 C. Scope and Limitation 6 D. Definition of Terms 6 II. DISCUSSION 7 A. Sweating the Way Out 7 B. Workout Magic 11 C. Doing the Basics 15 D. On the Perspective of the Experts 19 E. Planting the Seeds for a Healthier Life 23 III. SUMMARY and CONCLUSION 27 BIBLIOGRAPHY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT “I do not cease to give thanks for you as I remember you in my prayers.” — Ephesians 1.16 (62 AD) The researcher would like to extend his sincerest and deepest gratitude to all those who have contributed that made this research a possible and successful one. To his parents, Dr. Tirso Cadag Mirabueno and Mrs. Lydia Omaña Mirabueno, for giving him their unselfish love, care, untiring guidance, moral and financial support. To his family – especially his sisters Zarah, Arianne and Jencelle, and his brothers Meinard, Andrei, Eljhon and Zander – for extending him their unwavering help. To his research adviser, Mrs. Susana Dumayag...
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...The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Kristin D Simpson-Oloso Psyc3002 Section 05 Cause of Depression Paper Capella University May 2016 Abstract Depression comes in many different forms such as major depression, dysthymia, postpartum depression, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic depression. Along with the many different forms, there are also many symptoms, which include feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, loss of interest in daily activities, sleep changes, anger, and irritability, loss of energy, self-loathing, and reckless behavior. Although the exact cause of depression has eluded doctors, psychiatrists, nurses, and researchers since its inception, one of the key roles affecting depression is an individual’s environment. The Cause of Depression: Cognitive Perspective Environmental causes of depression are concerned with factors that are outside of us. They are not directly related to brain function, inherited traits from parents, medical illnesses, or anything else that may take place within us. Instead, environmental events are those things that happen in the course of our everyday lives that we can’t control. Age, community, society, and a person’s neighborhood do play apart in environmental depression. But, the three arguments’ that I will discuss are prolonged stress, childhood difficulties, or traumatic events. Stress and Depression Depression is a problem that is affecting 9% of U.S. Citizens...
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...a condition which affects about 1 in 10 people at some time. Statistically it has been recorded that it is more prevalent among people between the ages of 25 – 45 and females are more affected than males. However this condition can cause problems at any age to both sexes and ethnicity may be a factor to be considered. For example data for Pakistan shows that males between 16-30 have a higher rate of IBS. There are many symptoms that many IBS suffers endure such as: Feeling and being sick by vomiting Diarrhoea Constipation Pain in the abdomen Bloating/wind Feeling that you haven’t fully emptied all faeces from the rectum Stress and anxiety Depression to list a few. This condition causes great problems with the sufferer as it can destroy and disrupt their day to day life. Before a person with IBS and a hypnotherapist work together the IBS patient should have already seen a GP and consequently been diagnosed. An ethical hypnotherapist would need to know that all other, more serious conditions such as bowel cancer, have been ruled out and that the problem is IBS for a fact. The doctor should have already ruled out thyroid problems, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease as these problems present similar symptoms such as abdominal pain and unusual defecation. There are other possible symptoms that are not necessarily related to the gut area and these have been listed as Headaches Backache Tiredness Urinary symptoms Some people experience constipation whereas...
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...Agoraphobia Marissa Burton SOC 313 Shamika Smith February 18, 2013 Panic disorders are anxiety disorders, diagnosed in people who experience thoughts of intense fright or discomfort; they are described by panic attacks, episodes in which the individual has feelings of deep anxiety or terror, followed by a sense of imminent doom (Flavo, 2009). Some people avoid going into situations or places in which they have formerly had a panic attack in anticipation of it reoccurring again. These people have agoraphobia, and they tend to stay away from public places where they feel that urgent escape might be difficult. About one in three people with panic disorder develops agoraphobia. Their world may become lesser, as they are always on guard, waiting for the next attack (Anxiety and Depression Association of America, 2010-2012). In this paper, I will discuss the lifestyle of people living with agoraphobia as well as the interventions, and factors that may act as retraining forces in agoraphobic individuals. Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder in which individuals tend to avoid situations that they feel may cause them panic. People with agoraphobia may even avoid being alone, leaving their home or any predicament where they could feel humiliated, trapped, or helpless if they do panic. According to Mayo Clinic Staff (2011), people who are agoraphobic do not feel safe in any public place, especially where there is a crowd. They can feel trapped inside of their own home because...
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...Over the years stress and anxiety management has become a big factor or part in our lives and how we cope with it on a daily basis can be really challenging. Some people believe that stress and anxiety is the same thing, unfortunately these individuals are wrong. Stress can be caused in several different ways that can be controlled from changing your everyday activities or actions. On the other hand anxiety is usually once you allow stress to overcome your life and your work and it has to be taken care of by a specialist or in worst cases medication. Furthermore today’s number one cause for stress and anxiety is work; our jobs can cause a great deal of stress. (Anxiety vs. Stress: What's The Difference?) There are several factors in the work force that can cause stress. Having an overload of work, making you feel as if you will never see the end of the work, or that working 10-12 hours a day is not making a dent in it. Another cause of stress at work could be time, if you have to work to an unrealistic schedule, this too can cause stress. Stress and anxiety can have different levels depending on what factors impact our lives. According to the American Institute of Stress “There are numerous emotional and physical disorders that have been linked to stress including depression, anxiety, heart attacks.” (Stress Effects ) Every organization should make reducing job stress a priority. Some managers think that it’s not their job to help the employees reduce their stress but...
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