...backgrounds, counselors need to take the initiative to educate themselves and engage in self-reflection. Learning cultural competent counseling practice will help counselors gain the skills necessary to work with clients from different ethnic backgrounds. After having taken Counseling in Cross-Cultural Settings EPC 643, I learned about the importance of self-reflection. Self-reflection allows one to identify one's own worldview and personal beliefs about individuals who are different from one's own. Therefore, by engaging in self-reflection counselors will discover their own bias, prejudices, and feelings about people from different cultures. Another important lesson that I learned while taking Counseling in Cross-Cultural Settings EPC 643 class is that it is crucial to not only identify but also acknowledge the differences between yourself...
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...experience of learning from reflection on giving intramuscular (IM) injections, using Gibbs's (1988) reflective model. I demonstrate how practice anxiety, as a student nurse, can be dealt with through effective mentoring. I chose the seminal theory of Gibbs reflection on practice, as it illustrates six significant stages; description, feelings, evaluation, analysis of the incident, conclusion and an action plan Ghaye and Lillyman (1997). Gibbs cycle is used throughout the process of reflecting on the incident to help me make sense of my practice and understand what l could do differently to enhance good practice. I use my experience from a placement simulation as I could not be on actual placement due to unforeseen circumstances. Reflection is a process through which healthcare practitioners and students can learn from experience and use the knowledge to inform and improve practice Schon, (1983). The ability to reflect on one's actions is particularly imperative in clinical practice and discourse. As Jarvis (1992) asserted, there is no consensus on the definition of reflection as it is a broad concept. Reid (1993, p305.) define reflection as; “a course of action reviewing an occurrence of practice to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning about practice” Schon (1983) identified two types of reflection which are; reflection in action, which takes place during the event where the practitioner may not be aware that it is happening and reflection on action, which takes place...
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...Self-Reflection COMM/310 August 28, 2014 Self-Reflection Giving a speech is a feat all on its own, but when tasked to speak to a group one has just met is an unnerving task for anyone. This is especially true when the topic is picked by another individual, which also happens to be your Public Speech instructor who is tasked with grading success and failures. Adding to the mentioned stress is having only moments to gather thoughts and ideas and tactics that will grab the audience’s attention. The chosen topic of: What advice would you give to Little Red Riding Hood, seems easy enough until random thoughts need to be gathered and verbalized in front of a room of people. A wonderful way to gage success or failure of impromptu speeches is to analyze feedback gathered by the audience and implement the constructive criticism. Impromptu speeches, well public speaking in general can bring a wide variety of nervous habits out in individuals including verbal and non-verbal anxiety signs. The following will be the opinion of newly acquainted peers whom analyzed the delivery of the Little Red Riding Hood speech. The audience viewed and commented that both vocal and non-vocal anxiety signs were minimal or simply not accurately address within the feed-back form. The personal opinion of this speaker is that verbal and non-verbal signs of distress could use some work. Techniques such as controlling breathing, and being mindful of what message one is trying to portray to...
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... As we go about our everyday business we take the world largely for granted and respond habitually. Meaning is projected into events that enable us to take things in our stride, and in doing so, reinforce our sense of self. Thus the multiple doors of possibility are not always visible: instead, existing knowledge and experience are defended as if the ego itself is threatened. The more we know, the more threatened we become when that knowing is challenged. A certain degree of anxiety and fear is useful for learning (see Joyce 1984; Casement 1985; Freshwater 2000). However, too much fear and anxiety is not conducive to learning. Perhaps we all need mescalin in the morning to heighten our perceptions, to lower our defences and open ourselves to possibility. From a Buddhist perspective we are caught in a world of samsara, depicted by the cock, the snake and the pig – craving, aversion and delusion respectively – who chase one another around and around, locked into a world of greed, hate and ignorance. It is a restless world of seeking pleasure to avoid pain: what Freshwater (2003) refers to as ‘toxic speed sickness’. We cling to what we know, for the small pleasures that we have, lest we lose even them. Yet, as Huxley (1959, p. 55) notes: ‘the urge to transcend self-conscious selfhood is, as I have said, a principal appetite of the soul’. This message is reinforced by transpersonal philosophers such as Ken Wilber...
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...Ego Defence Mechanisms Introduction Ego psychology embodies a more optimistic and growth oriented view of human functioning and potential than do the earlier theoretical formulation. It generated changes in the study and assessment process and led to an expansion and systemization Of interceptive strategies with individuals. It fostered a re-conceptualization of the clinic worker relation ship, of change mechanisms, and of the interventive process. It helped to refocus the importance of wok of with the social environment as well as work with the family and the group. Moreover, it has important implications for the design of service delivery, large-scale social programs, and social policy. DEFINITION OF DEFENCE MECHANISM Ego-defense mechanisms are learned, usually during early childhood and are considered to be maladaptive when they become the predominant means of coping with stressors. What is EGO psychology? Ego psychology comprises a related set of theoretical concepts about human behavior that focus on the origins, development, structure, and functioning of the executive arm of the personality _the ego_ and its relationship to other aspects of the personality and to the external environment. The ego is considered to be a mental structure of the personality responsible for negotiating between the internal needs of the individual and the outside world. The following seven propositions characterize ego psychology’s view of human...
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...Student Learning Guide Counselling Methods 1 © South African College of Applied Psychology (Pty) Ltd Developed and produced by the South African College of Applied Psychology Sunclare building, Claremont, Cape Town, 7708, South Africa. 2012. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by means of electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyrighted materials reproduced herein are used under the provision of the South African Copyright Act 98 of 1978 section 12 (1) (a)(b) (3), for private study only by students. STUDENT LEARNING GUIDE: COUNSELLING METHODS 1 2 Table of contents How this guide works ........................................................................................................................ 10 Module Readings .............................................................................................................................. 11 Prescribed text book ......................................................................................................................... 11 Prescribed and recommended readings ........................................................................................... 11 Session One: An Overview of Theories of Psychotherapy and Counselling ..................................... 14 Reading for the session .....................................................................
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...-1- Session Reflection Module 1 Student No. 1361995 Background Chloe is a 15 year old female, who was referred to our service following a history of self-harm, low mood, and poor school attendance. An earlier assessment carried out via RCADS, SDQ’S and interview, revealed substantially high levels of Depression, Panic and Separation anxiety. Chloe resides with Mother, twin sister and older brother in a deprived borough of East London. Mum’s long term partner, is also actively involved in Chloe’s life, but does not live within the family home. Chloe has never had any contact with her biological father. School advise that there have been recent and historic referrals made to social care from them, around their suspicions of parental fabricated illness, none of which have been substantiated. Formulation The formulation used follows the 5 p’s principles (Dallos & Johnston,2006) which become a blueprint to identify what is going on. A predisposing factor that was identified was Chloe’s experience of Generalised Pain disorder from around 6 years old, which resulted in several months of absence from school. Despite the pain reducing at the onset of secondary school, Chloe’s attendance at school has been sporadic. Incidents of bullying and name calling, during year 8 appear to have triggered Chloe’s perpetuating negative view of self. As well as viewing ‘everyone’ as ‘untrustworthy’ and ‘out to hurt her’. Due to Chloe’s negative bias, she has become socially isolated...
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...A Review of the Effects of Forgiveness Therapy Liberty University A Review of the Effects of Forgiveness Therapy Reed's and Enright research on forgiveness has demonstrated that a forgiveness recovery program resulted in psychological benefits for women with a history of emotional abuse by a spouse or romantic partner. This review of Reed & Enright (2006) includes a summary of the article, a personal reflection of the material, and application points for future consideration. The article in review employed a case study format that puts forgiveness therapy and will be referred throughout this paper as FT and Alternative Treatment which will also be referred throughout this paper as AT under comparison in women who has experienced emotional and psychological abuse whom have been separated for 2 or more years with no interest on reconciliation. The main goals of the article were first to provide data that proves that FT is more beneficial for women as a therapeutic approach (Read & Enright, 2006). The two therapeutic strategies discussed in this article include: (a) Forgiveness Therapy, and (b) Alternative Treatment. The method of study was conducted of 20 women who fall into the description of psychologically abused between the ages of 32-54 from different ethnic, educational, racial and family dynamics. The design consisted of a control group that had limited contact with their former partner varied regardless of pre-existing children, were divided into 10 groups...
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...Self-Consciousness Students Name Student ID Professor’s name Date of Submission Introduction Self-consciousness is a concept that is used interchangeably with self-awareness. Self-consciousness in most incidences occurs after someone realizes that some individuals have been observing him or her for a moment. Self-consciousness in psychological terms can sometimes be termed as a disorder. This scenario occurs since it at times affects the development of self-identity. This situation can at times make someone to be nervous or uncomfortable. However, in extreme cases, self-consciousness is capable of triggering emotional arousal hence leading to unprecedented characteristics. Self-consciousness is also known to be responsible for triggering philosophical reflections on given topics. Many philosophers have argued out that self-consciousness can result in many risks in one’s life. It is important to understand that importance of regulating self-consciousness that we possess. This paper will explicitly affirm that women have a higher self-conscious as compared to male counterparts. Individuals with high self-conscious levels have been known to have greater risks of having different disorders that are associated with internalizing things. A person with higher levels of self-consciousness record high levels of anxiety, loneliness, and depression. Studies have revealed that self-consciousness can at an extreme point make people lose their self-worth. In fact, most of the women...
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...depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, posttraumatic stress disorder, learned helplessness, and resentment of the abuser that persists even when the abuse ends. There have not been designated therapies designed to help these women. Gayle L. Reed and Robert D. Enright (2006) examine the roles forgiveness therapy has on emotionally abused women in the article The Effects of Forgiveness Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress for Women After Spousal Emotional Abuse. According to Reed and Enright (2006), forgiveness therapy is designed to help the client let go of the anger and resentment that stems from a justifiable wrongdoing. The researchers believe that forgiveness therapy will be beneficial to the women who were emotionally abused by their spouse because it targets the resentment the woman has for the abuser. These emotionally abused women often times experience learned helplessness and accusatory suffering. Learned helplessness often occurs when women develop self-blame in response to their abusive spouse’s criticism and ridicule. Whereas accusatory suffering is when the emotional abused spouse continues to feel like the victim and hold onto the resent. Because of the nature of emotional spousal abuse, forgiveness therapy can be very beneficial (Gayle & Enright, 2006). Gayle and Enright (2006) hypothesized that women who participate in forgiveness therapy will have lower levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress and higher levels of self-esteem...
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...professional code, as mentioned in code of practice by Nursing Midwifery Council (2008) that registered nurse must be willing to share their experiences and skills for the good of their colleagues and must facilitate student and others to develop their competent. In order to fulfill this subject, I have two main parts to complete. First, a plan for facilitating a learning session applied all the relevant theories that have been lecturing, and the second part, I am going to write here is a reflective essay using Gibb’s (1988) reflective cycle on what I have learn from this module and my learning from the observed session. In this paper, I used the Gibbs cycle cited in Kilgallon and Thompson (2012). Gibbs (1988) cycle is a widespread model for reflection. It comprises of 6 stages: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan, all which I would go stage by stage. BODY Description At the beginning of this subject, a series of lectures had been delivered....
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...Self-Consciousness, Gender vs. Depression Samantha Sanchez Boston University Course unit name July 22nd2015 Author Note This paper was prepared for course unit, taught by Instructor name Self-Consciousness, Gender vs. Depression Current research provides a wide overview of both founding and the present appreciation of the dispositional construct of self-consciousness. Several studies have established the significance of gender and its psychological implications such as mortality concerns and self-consciousness as important factors in determining depression levels in human beings. Understanding the impact of these psychological implications on the emotional vulnerabilities especially in the adolescents has been a major subject of interest in most research work on self-consciousness. This paper presents an analytical study of the influence of psychosocial variables. For instance, age, self-esteem, self-attention, self- consciousness, and the extent to which an individual identifies with the societal stereotype of masculinity. In conducting the research several hypothesis were outlined, females in our sample will score higher on all parts of the self-consciousness questionnaire than males. Individuals with higher self-consciousness will show a preference for Invisibility over Flight when given their first chance to indicate their Superpower choice. Finally it is hypothesised that all participants will shift their...
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...Assessment Task 1 – Written Reflection I believe that therapeutic communication is a form of psychotherapy in which the person doing face to face interviewing consciously uses strategies that encourage the patient to express feelings andideas and that convey acceptance and respect they are achieved through advancing the physical and emotional well-being of a patient in a non-judgmental way, while showing empathy and concern. The aim of therapeutic communication is to increase self-worth or decrease emotions such as anxiety and anger by putting together information to determine the illness. Ufema, J. (2008). More than just hand-holding. Nursing, 38(12). doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000342039.82567.3a All health care professional study techniques of therapeutic communication, these techniques help the patient and health-care professional develop rapport and trust with one another during each other’s company for example when going to an appointment. For therapeutic communication to be successful, a mutual understanding between both the patient and the health care worker needs to be met. It is very important for the health care workers to use proper communication to prevent a misunderstanding between the health care worker and patient. This open communication shows a genuine and continual concern for what the patient is expressing. Throughout this essay I will be using the Driscoll model of reflection in nursing to express my understanding of the vignettes and making reference to...
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...This essay will be a reflective account of an incident from practice based on Gibbs’ Reflective cycle; I will critically analyse the nature of the incident based on the best available evidence. This reflection will help to identify new skills and knowledge learnt as a result of the incident and the implications for my future nursing practice. Although I am aware many reflective models exist, I have chosen to use Gibbs’s reflective framework as it is a cycle and encourages me to think about what I would do differently next time. This clearly shows Gibbs’ awareness that a nurse will have a similar experience again. This reflection method supports Schon’s (1991 cited Issitt 2003) opinion that reflecting on practice after the event is the most effective way to maintain an improvement as a development can be made. As part of the UKCC Project 2000 pre registration nurses are expected to be able to reflect on practice experiences and reflection can help create holistic and flexible practitioners (Andrews et al 1998). For the purpose of the assignment I will use a pseudonym to protect the client’s identity in accordance with the law as stated by the Department of Health (2003), there is also an obligation stated by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC 2008) to protect client confidentiality. This pseudonym is Sue. The first stage of Gibbs’ model is a description of what happened; whilst on a surgical ward I was caring for a lady post operatively who had a bilateral total mastectomy...
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...trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, or post traumatic stress disorder. In the article written by Gayle L. Reed and Robert D. Enright, spousal emotional abuse has been reported by 35 percent of women in the United States. There are seven areas which have been identified as spousal psychological abuse. These areas are criticizing, ridiculing, jealous control, purposeful ignoring, threats of abandonment, and threats of harm and damage to personal property (). This article compares Forgiveness Therapy (FT), and Alternative Therapies (AT). Forgiveness therapy focuses on resentment, which can lead to depression, anxiety, and other negative psychological outcomes (). Based on the material that this writer has read, forgiveness is a decision to give up resentment and to be able to set aside selfishness, and to be able to acquire a sense of peace to move forward in their lives without reconciling with the person which abused them. There were 20 women ranging from 30 to 54 who had been psychologically abused, which participated in a research study. To be eligible to participate in this study, the woman had to have been emotionally abused, they had to be divorced or either separated permanently from their partner for at least 2 years. These woman ranged in race, ethnicity, education and work background. By participating in this study, Enright and Reed (2006) thought that if women used the forgiveness techniques they would see a decrease in depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic...
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