...Section 1 1) Sui Wendi: First emperor of the Sui dynasty centralized government, restored order, created a new legal code, reformed Bureaucracy Tang Taizong: The founder of the Tang Dynasty, he expanded China to include all that the Han had had and more. Wu Zhao: The only woman to ever declare herself empress, she was a member of the Tang Dynasty. Grand Canal: The 1,100-mile waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. Zhao Kuangyin: Founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent. Li Bo: Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. 2) tributary state: A country that pays tribute in money or goods to a more powerful nation Pagoda: Buddhist temples with many-storied towers; this was adapted from the Chinese 3) The dynasties returned the Middle Kingdom back to its old glory. a) Under the Tang and Song dynasties the emperor ruled over a splendid court filled with aristocratic families. The two main classes of society were the gentry, wealthy landowners, which valued scholarship more than physical labor, and the peasantry, who worked the land and lived off of what they produced. Then the merchants had a lower status in society. Merchants had such a low status in society because according to Confucianism their riches came from the labors...
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...the same situation. Before, China was ahead of everyone and was perfectly capable of dominance, but Europe managed to gain prominence. This is because China saw themselves as superior and viewed Western goods as inferior. Ultimately, this meant they rejected new technology and ideas causing them to become isolated. No new intellectual breakthroughs and internal disorder caused the Qing dynasty to decay. The emperors grew weak and the economy began to stagnate. In the end, failure to accept new ideas from the West caused China to become inferior. The factors that delayed all these countries were very similar. None of them showed an interest to grow in knowledge and technology except the West. This is why the Europe eventually dominated the world with the scientific and industrial revolution. ...
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...this time, chaos arose out of accusations made by those who were fearful. Another example of this in history is revealed in Source B stating, “Senator McCarthy spent almost five years trying in vain to expose communists and other left-wing “loyalty risks” in the U.S. government.” Similar to the witch trials, many Americans during this time were convinced that their government was packed with traitors and spies. Even in current times there are many accusations of Muslim Americans that cause a certain uneasiness. According to Source C, “The persecution of Muslim Americans takes many forms, but one that has garnered a considerable amount of attention lately involves the Ground Zero Mosque in New York City. Due to its proximity to the former World Trade Center, some become confused and forget the attack on 9/11 was by a terrorist organization and not an entire religion. All of these accusations sparked by a similar emotion, yet take place in completely different times in history. Where there is mayhem and hysteria, there is loss and distress. There are multiple recurrences in history with these type of events however, the most heartbreaking of them all is of those who are persecuted. In the Salem witch trials Source A claims 19 people were put to death by state. During the 1950’s Source B states that “Despite a lack of any proof of subversion, more than 2,000 government employees lost their jobs as a result of McCarthy’s investigations.” As for Muslim Americans of today, Source C reports...
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...AP* World History Study Guide and Graphic Organizers – Unit 5: The Modern World, 1914 CE – present 1. World War I Students are required to know the causes, major events, and consequences of WWI 1) Causes a) Imperialism i) No new lands to expand into – some nations didn’t have many colonies (Germany, Italy) ii) Rivalries as nations competed for colonies iii) Sometimes armed conflict in colonial lands for control over resources b) Nationalism i) Pride in one’s nation, want one’s nation to be the best and most powerful ii) Fostered conflict as nations competed to be the best iii) Justified imperialism, militarism iv) Caused disruptions in multi-ethnic nations (Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire); rebellions, revolts against foreign rule c) Militarism i) Build up of a country’s military; keeping a large standing army ii) Nations expanded their militaries as a show of power iii) Arms race: each nation needed to have a standing army because their neighbors had standing armies d) Alliances i) Bismarck: German chancellor behind alliance system in Europe ii) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy allied; France, Great Britain, Russia allied 2) Events a) Assassination of Archduke Frantz Ferdinand: Serbian terrorists kill the Austrian duke and his wife as they honeymooned in Sarajevo i) Austria demands Serbian submission ii) Russia offers to back Serbians in defying Austrians iii) Austria and Germany declare war on Serbia and Russia (along with Russia’s allies) b) Schlieffen...
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...matter that Japan wins in, is that they sent two delegations to the west. One to Europe and one to the United States. In 1860, Fukuzawa Yukichi, the son of a samurai, went to San Francisco. This was a trip that would change his life and the life of his county, Japan. Fukuzawa admired everything about America. After his trips to the U.S. and Europe, he wrote a book called Conditions in the West. This book argued that Japan had to go to the ways of the West and abandon their old, isolationist ways. Because of this trip, and other trips, Japan began modernizing quickly. The similarities between the endings of the isolationism that both countries had held up for so long are that they were both pressured by demands of the more modernized western world. Also, in the end, both countries had to sign treaties. China’s treaty, however, was signed after heavy military losses and on more unfavorable terms than Japan’s. And China also had to deal with the Opium Wars, while Japan didn’t have to deal with any Wars. Japan responded to the demands of Western nations by rapidly modernizing themselves while China didn’t. Those are the similarities that China and Japan went through while going through essentially the same event in different parts of time. The demands of the modernized west ...
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...Pope Pius XII: The Courageous Preserver of Catholicism and Judaism One of the most established popes of the modern era is Pope Pius XII. Pope Pius XII was a pope from 1939 to 1958. He was known for being a supporter of peace and took on major roles within the Catholic world and the rest of the world. He was an Italian-born pope that came from a family of men that worked for the Pope in the Vatican. He studied theology in University and was promoted to the papal of secretariat state (Coppa). He worked on revisions to the canon law which was known to the base foundation for the Second Vatican Council that his succeeding pope, Pope John XXIII, executed. He was elected to be the pope based on these credentials. Pope Pius XII was active in efforts...
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...throughout both Asia and Europe. These changes and continuities throughout the period would serve to augment the course of history for many years to come. One of the main distinguishing changes for the time period 1450 CE to 1750 CE was the search for a more efficient trade route to connect Europe to Asia, the main purpose being to reduce the time spent traveling. Thus began the Age of Exploration, in which several European countries sent their ships around the world to search for new trading routes and partners to feed burgeoning capitalism in Europe, or in other words, to find new consumers for European products. Land routes had become too slow of a communication method, and maritime trade took over. Maritime trade connected multiple regions around the globe, meaning more interconnectedness and an increased variety of products available for the world to use. Many products circled all around the hemispheres. This led directly to the Columbian Exchange: a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed all participants' way of life. During this time, Europeans also began searching for a faster trade route to Asia to further expedite the trading process. They created several trading ports in Asia. By the 1500's, Europeans directly accessed Asian countries such as China by sea trade. The adoption of maritime trade and the Columbian Exchange fortified pre-existing trade relations and increased...
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...Industry, Science, and Technology were the three things that shaped to coming together of nations between North America and Western Europe. This also brought relationship between two different parts of the country. Industrialization, religion, and war were the main three reasons of change. Due to different industrial development between the two, a sense of rivalry emerged, thus starting the second industrial revolution. With some of the changes helped other and in some cases hurt others. Such as, when Japan, decided to join. With the increase of countries the industrial nations and the changes in global economy, led to rivalries in the industrial society. Such as Britain had to compete with the United States and Germany. Industrialization began in the late 1700’s with Britain. Manufacturing was done in people’s homes, thus using homemade tools or basic machines. Households used to produce for themselves. Owners soon figured out that this was not put food on the table. So in order to make money they worked longer hours to produce more for the market. Which then allowed them to make more money to improve the way they live. The industrial period helped us become powered, special – purpose machinery, factories, and mass production. Therefore creating the steam engine with the help of iron and textile industry. Another piece of material was created which was steel. Steel was stronger than iron and more malleable, this became more necessary for industries that was more focused on...
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...In Europe during the colonial time period, there were many factors that drove the sugar trade, such as the increasing demand for sugar, the colonization of the Caribbean Islands, and the rise in slavery. The demand for sugar grew at a high rate as more of it was being produced. The production itself was taking place in the European-colonized Caribbean islands, which had the perfect climate for growing cane sugar. The rise of slavery meant very cheap labor, thus leading to more sugar being produced in less time. The colonization of the Caribbean Islands in Europe supported cane sugar growth, leading to the trading of the cane sugar. The location and the climate of these islands is further talked about in Documents 1 and 2. The British, Spanish, and French had colonized the Caribbean by 1750 (Doc. 1). Because they had this land, they were able to make a profit off of new crops that grew there. Jamaica and Barbados, two of the islands, had ideal climates for the growth of sugar cane (Doc. 2). It helped cane sugar to grow more quickly, which led to more sugar being traded. The running of the sugar plantations is examined in Documents 6 and 7. There were many materials needed in order to run a plantation, including three-hundred slaves, nine different houses, and two-hundred twenty-five animals (Doc. 6). This explains how the overhead costs on the plantation were expensive, and how the fact that slaves cost nothing positively affected that. The sugar plantations require...
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...around the world were being traded, which lead to an increase in quality of life for the European peoples, a greater demand for export and goods to be traded, and it sent the economies of these European nations soaring. The European nations that were the most successful at the time were Holland, Spain and England. Due to the competitive nature of these nations, and their quest to obtain gold and silver (a common international currency at the time), the leaders of said nations looked for ways to utilize their legislative power to maximize profits...
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...changes. Social discrimination against non-Arab converts began to decrease, the translation from Aristotle to Arabic, the founding of important theology and law, and the success of the Abbasid Court took place during this period. 21) The Mamuluks are examples of the problems faced by Abbasid caliphs in ruling a vast empire they provided an effective but expensive military force, dominated Samarra without conflicts from an Baghdad populace, and the Abbasid Caliphate fell due to being contorlled by mountain warriors that were from the province of Daylam in northern Iran. 22) Imam's were significant especially to the Buyid Shi'tites because the twelfth and last divinely stated Imam had disappeared, and would only return at the end of the world as the messiah. Also, they didn't had Shi'ite Imam to defer to and kept the caliph in order to help control their Sunni...
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...To demonstrate their rejection of the Mongols, the Ming emperors a. severed relations with the Middle East and Central Asia and closed the borders to foreigners. b. built the Great Wall of China and deported all Mongols. c. changed the official language from Mongolian to Chinese. d. marched all the Mongols to the Korean border. e. formed close ties with the Manchu instead. a The emperor Yongle improved the imperial complex built by the Mongols called the a. Imperial House. b. Forbidden City. c. Heavenly Gates. d. Dragon's Court. e. Red Square. b Because Mongols controlled access to the Silk Road after the overthrow of the Yuan, the emperor Yongle put an emphasis on a. trade by ships. b. overland trade through India and Arabia. c. trade through Buddhist monasteries. d. trans-Pacific exploration. e. none of these; trade decreased because people could not afford to travel by Silk Road and pay Mongol tariffs. a Zheng He's primary accomplishment was a. converting barbarians to Islam. b. discovering new lands in the East. c. bringing wealth to China. d. acquiring Ming tributary states. e. discovering the Philippines. d Why didn't Ming China develop seafaring for commercial and military gain? a. The emperor feared outside contacts and influence. b. The peasantry were a strong voting lobby and refused to support it. c. The merchants were opposed to losing their domestic markets. d. The Mongol threat from the north took priority over...
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...Men and women have always been different, each having there own strengths and weaknesses, never the less each gender has played a pivotal role in the development of the world we have today. Even though Gender equality has made huges leaps in progress over human history, it is shown in early civilizations the vast differences in the treatment and expectations of men and women. In this essay three primary source documents will be reviewed and analyzed, to clearly pinpoint the key similarities and differences regarding gender relations. Each source document will be relating to a different civilization at a different time. It is important to note that even in similar historical time frames gender roles ranged greatly from one civilization or empire...
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...Looking back at my Prelim answer, I was wrong with my educated (?) guess of Spain as the center of the world. Though Spain, with their expeditions and through their conquering nature, certainly contributed to the success of the real hub of the world in 1500, they were not the front-runners, China was. I honestly had not thought about any country in Asia when giving my initial answer (perhaps because of the early Euro-centered education I received that we all discussed?). China was the center of the world in 1500 for many reasons: their population tripled, urbanization spiked, and productive capacity boomed. It really boiled down to the fact that all money (mainly silver) was flowing into China while manufactured goods were flowing out. At the...
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...religion with the traditional Confucianism, increasing many views that Buddhism was a barbaric foreign invasion. The period that followed the Han dynasty was known as the Warring States period, during which China suffered frequent invasions from Central Asia. The documents of "Four Noble Truths" (Doc 1) and Zhi Dun (Doc 2) demonstrate the initial compatibility of Buddhism with the time period. The Buddhist sermon outlines the many steps in the path of stopping all misery, and the Dun document demonstrates the Chinese peoples' embracing this form of salvation as a response to putting control in their own hands. If they couldn't control the nomadic invaders, at least they could follow many rituals with the promise of release from the material world. However, the sermon preached by Buddha was meant for a large audience - so it had to have mass appeal - especially toward the lower castes, in order to reconcile them with their suffering (Doc 1). The Dun document was a political statement with the purpose to convey to the people and sense of sanctuary. Being from the point of view of an upper class scholar, it does not reflect the number of Chinese who actually accepted the Buddhist doctrine. As time continued, outside stresses to the Chinese decreased - and an increasing conflict between Confucianism and Buddhism arose. The "Disposition of Error" (Doc 3) and the "Zong Mi essay" (Doc 5) illustrate attempts to allow both to co-exist....
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