...ISSN:-2230-7850 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES Asst. Prof. Rajani Kota Dept. of Computer Science A.R.Burla Womens' College, Solapur. Abstract Software development is the set of activities and processes for programmers that will eventually result in a software product. This may include requirement analysis, software design, implementation, testing, documentation, maintenance and then describing computer programs that meet user requirements within the constraints of the environment. It is a structure imposed on the development of software product. Software development is the most important process in developing a Software/tool. The successful execution of the project highly depends on the techniques used to develop the model. Software development technology has an under the model-explicit or implicit-of the development process. In order to understand more about the development process and the methodologies, we abstract from these. The perspective chosen for the abstraction include models developed during the process and the kind of abstraction involved in the techniques of the process. I .INTRODUCTION Software is a one kind of system or we can say the package which is used in many organization. It is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. It can be thought of as the variable part of a computer and hardware the invariable part Software is often divided into two categories: System Software and application software. There are...
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...ISSN:-2230-7850 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES Asst. Prof. Rajani Kota Dept. of Computer Science A.R.Burla Womens' College, Solapur. Abstract Software development is the set of activities and processes for programmers that will eventually result in a software product. This may include requirement analysis, software design, implementation, testing, documentation, maintenance and then describing computer programs that meet user requirements within the constraints of the environment. It is a structure imposed on the development of software product. Software development is the most important process in developing a Software/tool. The successful execution of the project highly depends on the techniques used to develop the model. Software development technology has an under the model-explicit or implicit-of the development process. In order to understand more about the development process and the methodologies, we abstract from these. The perspective chosen for the abstraction include models developed during the process and the kind of abstraction involved in the techniques of the process. I .INTRODUCTION Software is a one kind of system or we can say the package which is used in many organization. It is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. It can be thought of as the variable part of a computer and hardware the invariable part Software is often divided into two categories: System Software and application software. There are...
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...Categories of Software Defects A careful review of the software quality literature reveals that the overall ambiguity in defining what "quality" means has carried over into the definition of software defects. There seems to be no effective and generally agreed to taxonomy of software defect categories. Other industries which have explicit warranties for their products (unlike software which usually is not warrantied). Assuming that software will eventually begin to issue warranties, what are the kinds of defects that are likely to trigger warranty repairs if they reach customers. For warranty purposes, there are four general categories of software defects that are of concern because they tend to be significant in product liability litigation: 1. Errors of commission, where something is done that is wrong. A classic example at the code level would be going through a loop one time too many or branching to the wrong address. An example of this kind of error at the specification level was noted in an IBM software specification where the data format for information being transmitted was different from the format expected by the receive function of the same application. An example of this kind of problem in user manuals is frequently found in usage instructions, where the command sequence in the user manual differs from what the software really uses. Many applications are shipped with "READ MW files which explain last-minute changes that were noted after printing...
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...artefacts occurs at an interface which includes both software and hardware. Interface design impacts the software life-cycle in that it should occur early; the design and implementation of core functionality can influence the user interface – for better or worse. Because it deals with people as well as computers, as a knowledge area HCI draws on a variety of disciplinary traditions including psychology, computer science, product design, anthropology and engineering. HC: Human Computer Interaction (4 Core-Tier1 hours, 4 Core-Tier2 hours) Core-Tier1 hours HCI: Foundations HCI: Designing Interaction HCI: Programming Interactive Systems HCI: User-cantered design & testing HCI: Design for non-Mouse interfaces HCI: Collaboration & communication HCI: Statistical Methods for HCI HCI: Human factors & security HCI: Design-oriented HCI HCI: Mixed, Augmented and Virtual Reality 4 4 Core-Tier2 hours Includes Electives N N HC/Foundations [4 Core-Tier1 hours, 0 Core-Tier2 hours] Motivation: For end-users, the interface is the system. So design in this domain must be interaction-focussed and human-centred. Students need a different repertoire of techniques to address this than is provided elsewhere in the curriculum. Topics: • • • Contexts for HCI (anything with a user interface: webpage, business applications, mobile applications, games, etc.) Processes for user-centered development: early focus on users, empirical testing, iterative design. Different measures for evaluation: utility, efficiency...
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...SYLLABUS BSA/385 Introduction to Software Engineering Copyright ©2016 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course introduces the fundamental, logical, and design considerations addressed during system and application software development. It provides a background in applications software development and testing techniques through a combination of theory and application. Course Dates May 03, 2016 - Jun 06, 2016 Faculty Information Name : Email Address : Phone Number : ROBERT MASCARENAS (PRIMARY) (505) 884-4399 Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents (both located on your student website): • Academic Policies University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Academic Resources • Course Software Instructions Click the link for additional course software requirements. Note: We do not recommend trial software versions because they expire. SupportingMaterial Course Software • College of IS&T Resources Instructions Click the link to review the College of IS&T Resources. SupportingMaterial College of IS&T Resources • College of IS&T Website Instructions ...
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...Training & Consultation Copyright Sammamish Software Services 2003. All rights reserved. 1 Today’s complex software systems access heterogeneous data from a variety of backend databases. The intricate mix of client-server and Web-enabled database applications are extremely difficult to test productively. Testing at the data access layer is the point at which your application communicates with the database. Tests at this level are vital to improve not only your overall test strategy, but also your product’s quality. In this presentation you’ll find out what you need to know to test the SQL database engine, stored procedures, and data views. Find out how to design effective automated tests that exercise the complete database layer of your applications. You’ll learn about the most common and vexing defects related to SQL databases and the best tools available to support your testing efforts. Copyright Sammamish Software Services 2003. All rights Reserved 1 8/26/2004 The Data Access Layer Testing at the data access layer is the point at which your application communicates with the database. ! In this presentation we’ll discuss why tests at this level are vital to improve not only your overall test strategy, but also your product’s quality ! Copyright Sammamish Software Services 2003. All rights reserved. 2 How to design effective automated tests that exercise the complete database layer of your applications. Donation Street demo The most common and vexing...
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...Exercise No. 1 Computer Graphics Application Objectives: 1. To define computer graphics and introduce its various applications in different fields. 2. To consider a particular application wherein the students can apply computer graphics as a visualization tool. Discussion: Computer graphics provides methods to generate images using a computer. These include 2D/3D images, graphics, and image sequences that are generated on computer screens or displays, printers and other devices. An image can represent a realistic scene from the real world, but graphics like histograms or pie charts as well as the graphical user interface of a software tool are also considered as images. Application Fields Graphical user interfaces (GUI) can be considered as an application of computer graphics. However, there are standard programming tools and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) for the implementation of GUI. These tools make the generation of GUI easy for the programmers. Advertising and art pictures are sometimes designed using the computer only. In particular, photos serve as a basis and are modified or changed with computer graphics techniques. 2D/3D visualisations are used in the representation of high-dimensional data collected in business, industry, economy and science. Other than simple representations like graphs of functions, pie or bar charts, suitable data analysis techniques, methods for visualising high- dimensional data are needed...
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...Legacy Systems Older software systems that remain vital to an organisation ©Ian Sommerville Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 26 Slide 1 Objectives To explain what is meant by a legacy system and why these systems are important To introduce common legacy system structures To briefly describe function-oriented design To explain how the value of legacy systems can be assessed ©Ian Sommerville Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 26 Slide 2 Topics covered Legacy system structures Legacy system design Legacy system assessment ©Ian Sommerville Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 26 Slide 3 Legacy systems Software systems that are developed specially for an organisation have a long lifetime Many software systems that are still in use were developed many years ago using technologies that are now obsolete These systems are still business critical that is, they are essential for the normal functioning of the business They have been given the name legacy systems ©Ian Sommerville Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 26 Slide 4 Legacy system replacement There is a significant business risk in simply scrapping a legacy system and replacing it with a system that has been developed using modern technology Legacy systems rarely have a complete specification. During their lifetime they have undergone major changes which may not have...
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...have been gathered, and the business processes are composed, the project is ready to move to the next phase of the SDLC. The Design Phase is where the design team simply ask, "How do we build it?" The project team will now transition the business requirements into the system requirements. The blueprint for the new system is made up of design documents and physical models. Application Architecture is the design organized into the entire software application; included are the sub-components and outside applications. As stated from wisegeek.org (2015), "The application architecture is used as a blueprint to ensure that the underlying modules of an application will support future growth. Growth can come in the areas of future interoperability, increased resource demand, or increased reliability requirements. With a completed architecture, stakeholders understand the complexities of the underlying components should changes be necessary for the future" (para. 5). The application is made up of four areas of control: presentation layer, application layer, data access layer and data storage layer. Riordan's presentation layer will consist of the user interface. Fowler (2002) stated: "At the heart of the information systems architecture is the notion of different layers of an information system, each of which has distinct responsibilities" (pg. 702). The re-design human resource management system (HRMS) allows HR processes to occur electronically. The user inputs human resource related...
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...Application Software, Application Design, and Software Design Francisco P. Cano Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Application Software, Application Design, and Software Design The article by Jack W. Reeves that I chose delves deeply into what he believes software design is and whether or not software design is an engineering discipline. The author contends that it is not. To support this he relates a real life experience. He states: “Years ago I was attending a seminar where the question came up of whether software development is an engineering discipline or not. While I do not remember the resulting discussion, I do remember how it catalyzed my own thinking that the software industry has created some false parallels with hardware engineering while missing some perfectly valid parallels. In essence, I concluded that we are not software engineers because we do not realize what a software design really is. I am even more convinced of that today.” (Reeves, 1992) He continues by stating that the final goal of engineering is some type of documentation. He concludes that argument by stating “The final goal of any engineering activity is the some type of documentation. When a design effort is complete, the design documentation is turned over to the manufacturing team. This is a completely different group with completely different skills from the design team. If the design documents truly represent a complete design, the manufacturing team can proceed to build the product....
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...CYCLE LECTURE NOTES DEVELOPING INFORMATION SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS The Systems Development Cycle: The systems approach can be applied to the solution of many types of problems. When this involves the development of information system solutions to business problems, it is called information systems development or application development. Most computer-based information systems are conceived, designed, and implemented using some form of systematic development process. In this process, end users and information specialists design information systems based on an analysis of the information requirements of an organization. Thus, a major part of this process is known as systems analysis and design. When the systems approach is applied to the development of information system solutions, a multistep process or cycle emerges. This is frequently called the information systems development cycle, also known as the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Steps involved and products produced in the traditional information systems development cycle: 1. Systems investigation - Product: Feasibility Study 2. Systems analysis - Product: Functional Requirements 3. Systems design - Product: Systems Specifications 4. Systems implementation - Product: Operational System 5. Systems maintenance - Product: Improved System 1. All the activities involved are highly related and interdependent. 2. Several developmental activities can occur at the same time. 3. Different parts of a development...
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...& Design Chapter 7: Development Strategies 1. Describe the trend that views software as a service rather than a product. What effect has this trend had on software acquisition options? * The concept of software as a service is redefining the way that companies develop and deploy their information systems. People in various companies expect traditional packaged applications to be replaced by web-based services that remove the responsibility for installation, maintenance, and upgrades from a company’s in-house staff. https://www.coursehero.com/file/8417844/Chapter7-ReviewQuestions/ 2. Explain the difference between horizontal application software and vertical application software. * A software package that can be used by many different types of organizations is called a horizontal application. An accounting package is a good example of a horizontal application because it can be utilized by many different businesses. In contrast, a software package developed to handle information requirements for a specific type of business is called a vertical application. https://www.coursehero.com/file/8417844/Chapter7-ReviewQuestions/ 3. What is the most common reason for a company to develop its own information system? Give two other options why a company might choose the in-house approach. * In addition to numerous outsourcing options, a company can choose to develop it own systems, or purchase, possibly customize, and implement a software package...
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...Environment * Boundaries and interface There are 4 System Development Approaches: 1. Prototyping Development 2. Rapid Application Development 3. Joint Application Design 4. Participatory Design 1. PROTOTYPING DEVELOPMENT: Software prototyping refers to the activity of creating prototypes of software applications, i.e., incomplete versions of the software program being developed. In this a prototype is made first and based on it final product is developed. A prototype is a model or a program which is not based on strict planning, but is an early approximation of the final product or software system. This type of System Development Method is employed when it is very difficult to obtain exact requirements from the customer. While making the model, user keeps giving feedbacks from time to time and based on it, a prototype is made. Completely built sample model is shown to user and based on his feedback; the SRS (System Requirements Specifications) document is prepared. After completion of this, a more accurate SRS is prepared. 2. RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT: Rapid application development (RAD) is a software development methodology that uses minimal planning in favour of rapid prototyping. It is broader in scope as compared to prototyping. The "planning" of software developed using RAD is interleaved with writing the software itself. The lack of extensive...
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...When browsing computer stores, shoppers are likely to see numerous software applications designed for use in the household. Among the many products available are applications for writing letters, making out wills, designing a new home, landscaping a lawn, preparing and filing tax returns, and managing finances. Software suites are also available for home and personal use, although sometimes the suites available for home use do not contain all the features in business versions. Personal Finance Personal finance software assists users with paying bills, balancing checkbooks, keeping track of income and expenses, maintaining investments records, and other financial activities. The software also enables users to readily view how their money is being spent. Some personal finance software provides online services available on the Internet and Web. These services allow users to go online to learn the status of their investments and insurance coverage. They can also conduct normal banking transactions, including accessing and printing bank statements showing monthly transaction summaries. Tax Preparation Tax preparation software is designed to aid in analyzing federal and state tax status, as well as to prepare and transmit tax returns. Most of the programs provide tips for preparing tax documents that can help identify deductions, possibly resulting in great savings. Some programs include actual state and federal tax forms for entering tax data. Programs that do not include forms...
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...There are many areas and elements of information systems (IS) audit. Based on the scope of the assignment, the annual audit plan and other factors, the IS auditor may undertake the review of a specific area. (Refer to the "IT Audit Basics" column in Journal, volume 1, 2002, for the elements of IS audit.) Auditing General Controls A general controls review attempts to gain an overall impression of the controls that are present in the environment surrounding the information systems. These include the organizational and administrative structure of the IS function, the existence of policies and procedures for the day-to-day operations, availability of staff and their skills and the overall control environment. It is important for the IS auditor to obtain an understanding of these as they are the foundation on which other controls reside. A general controls review would also include the infrastructure and environmental controls. A review of the data center or information processing facility should cover the adequacy of air conditioning (temperature, humidity), power supply (uninterruptible power supplies, generators) and smoke detectors/fire suppression systems, a conducive clean and dust free environment, protection from floods and water seepage as well as neat and identifiable electrical and network cabling. Physical access control is another important area for review. Today in a highly networked world, logical access to computer systems is literally universal, yet there is a...
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